PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ELEMENTAL AND FUNCTIONAL GROUP ANALYSIS OF VITEX NEGUNDO L. LEAVES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i6.18093Keywords:
Phytochemical screening, Elemental analysis, FTIR, ICP-MS, Secondary metabolitesAbstract
Objective: To analyse elemental profile, evaluate functional groups and find out phytochemical constituents of Vitex negundo L. leaves.
Methods: Determination of primary and secondary metabolites for various extracts by qualitative methods. Elemental analysis was carried out by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique and the functional groups have been determined by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) technique.
Results: Soluble extractive percentage of material has been found the maximum in the aqueous extract (6.75%) followed by methanolic extract (4.35%) and acetone extract (1.8%). Phytochemical screening of material revealed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, steroids, cardiac and anthraquinone glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds. The elemental analysis revealed Na, Mg, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo, Li, B, Al, P, Cd, As, Ba, and Hg. FTIR technique was used to identify various functional groups present in three different extracts of the material.
Conclusion: The phytochemical screening of three different extracts of the material showed the presence of most of the primary and secondary metabolites in aqueous and methanolic extract than acetone extract. The soluble extractive value was found the maximum in aqueous extract hence aqueous extract is most effective for studying the pharmacological activity of this plant. Elemental analysis showed the presence of trace elements in sufficient concentrations and traces of heavy and toxic metals. The FTIR study revealed the presence of essential functional groups in three different extracts of the material. The present investigation is most essential to discover innovative, dynamic and novel drugs for curing various newly emerged dangerous health problems.
Downloads
References
Morabad RB, Patil SJ. Elemental profile analysis of some Indian traditional medicinal spice seeds of Ballari district, Karanataka using AAS technique. Int J Curr Pharm Res 2017;9:56-61.
Vishwanathan AS, Basavaraju. A review on Vitex negundo L.–A medicinally important plant. Eur J Biol Sci 2010;3:30-42.
Samy PR, Ignacimuthu S, Sen A. Screening of 34 Indian medicinal plants for antibacterial properties. J Ethnopharmacol 1998;62:173–82.
Sahayaraj K. Antifeedant effect of some plant extracts on the Asian armyworm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius). Curr Sci 1998;74:523.
Guleria S, Kumar A. Antifungal activity of some Himalayan medicinal plants using direct bioautography. J Cell Mol Biol 2006;5:95-8.
Nathan SS, Kalaivani K, Murugan K. Behavioral responses and changes in the biology of rice leaf folder following treatment with a combination of bacterial toxins and botanical insecticides. Chemosphere 2006;64:1650-8.
Das GP. Plants used in controlling the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller). Crop Prot 1995;14:631-6.
Hebbalkar DS, Hebbalkar GD, Sharma RN, Joshi VS, Bhat VS. Mosquito repellent activity of oils from Vitex negundo Linn leaves. Indian J Med Res 1992;95:200-3.
Gupta RK, Tondon VR. Antinociceptive activity of Vitex negundo Linn leaf extract, proceedings of 35th annual Conference of Indian Pharmacological Society. Gwalior (Abstract). Indian J Pharmacol 2004;36:54.
Tondon VR, Gupta RK. Histomorphological changes induced by Vitex negundo in albino rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2004;36:176-7.
Dharmasiri MG, Jayakody JR, Galhena G, Liyanage SS, Ratnasooriya WD. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of mature fresh leaves of Vitex negundo. J Ethanopharmacol 2003;87:199-206.
Gupta RK, Tondon VR. An experimental evaluation of anticonvulsant activity of Vitex negundo. Proceedings of 48th Annual Conference, Dec–17-20, 2002 in CME programme in physiology and pharmacology, Lucknow (Abstract). Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2002;46:82.
Munasinghe TCJ, Senevirathe CK, Thabrew MI, Abeysekera AM. Antiradical and antilipoperoxidative effect of some plant extracts used by Shri Lankan traditional medicinal practitioner for cardioprotection. Phytother Res 2001;15:519-23.
Tondon VR, Gupta RK. Effect of Vitex negundo on oxidative stress. Indian J Pharmacol 2005;37:38-40.
Chaudhary RD. Herbal Drug Industry. A practical approach to industrial pharmacognosy. 1st Edn. (Eastern Publisher, New Delhi); 1996. p. 467.
Pawar SG, Kamble VM. Elemental analysis of anti-allergenic indigenous plants and their possible correlation with therapeutic activity. Int J Pharm Chem Res 2016;8:1290-5.
Khandelwal KR. Practical pharmacognosy, technique and experiments. Ninth Edition. Nirali Prakashan; 2002. p. 23, 10–23, 11, 25, 1-25, 6.
Harborn. Phytochemical methods a guide to modern techniques of plant analysis. Third edition. Chapman and Hall Publisher; 1998.
Joshi DD. FTIR-spectroscopy: herbal drugs and fingerprints, e-book: Springer India Publisher; 2012. p. 121-46.
Queralt I, Ovejero M, Carvalho ML, Marques AF, Liabres JM. Quantitative determination of essential and trace element content of medicinal plants and their infusions by XRF and ICP technique. X-Ray Spectrum 2005;34:213-7.
Silverstein RM, Bassler GC, Morrill TC. Spectrometric identification of organic compounds. 4th ed. New York, John Wiley and Sons; 1981.
William Reusch. Infrared spectroscopy. Available from: www.chemistry.msu.edu. [Last accessed on 10 May 2013]
Ladda Pl, Magdum CS. Vitex negundo Linn: ethanobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology-a review. Int J Adv Pharm Biol Chem 2014;1:111-20.
Nirmalkumar N. Pharmacognostic and phytochemical analysis of Vitex negundo L. Int J Innov Res Sci Eng Tech 2014;3:14501-5.
Haslem E. Plant polyphenols: vegetable tannins revisited–Chemistry and pharmacology of natural products. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge; 1989. p. 169.
Mani R, Arumugam M, Lakshmanan K. Phytochemical Screening and antibiogram property of methanol extract of Vitex negundo L. Int J Drug Formulation Res 2013;4:76-85.
Frieden E. New perspectives on the essential trace elements. J Chem Educ 1985;62:917-23.
Kumar S, Panday AK. Review article, chemistry and biological activities of flavonoids: an overview. Sci World J 2013;1-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/162750
Corlett S. Organic Chemistry, Chem 12 A/B, Alkaloids functional group worksheet. Available from: www.laney.edu> corlett [Last accessed on 10 Jan 2012].
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
