ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL, ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY AND PHENOLIC PROFILE OF PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA LINN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i5.18098Keywords:
Phenolics, Phoenix dactylifera, MTT assay, Extraction, AntioxidantAbstract
Objective: Phoenix dactylifera Linn (Fam.: arecaceae)or date fruits are commercial crops that notarized in holy quran. 70% aqueous MeOH extract of the fruits led to isolation of six compounds; its chemical structures were determined as, β-sitosterol (1), caffeic acid (2), ferulic acid (3), protocatechuic acid (4), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (5) and luteolin (6).
Methods: The accurately weighed date fruits were washed, sliced and socked freshly in 70% methanol then exhaustively extracted under reflux for about 2 w and filtered, then fractionated by different solvent; finaly the butanol extract evaporated and fractionated on a polyamide glass column. Using Sephadex LH-20 column to purify the compounds obtained. In our preliminary study, the extracts and compounds were subjected to in vitro cytotoxicity against HepG2 cell line through the MTT assay and the antioxidant potential of the extracts and pure compounds were assayed through in vitro model using (DPPH) and phosphomolybdenum assays.
Results: Compounds 2 and 3 exhibited promising antitumor activity with IC50 values of 6 and 10 μg/ml, respectively. Moreover compounds 1, 4, 5 and 6 showed cytotoxic activity with IC50 values of 13, 15, 21 and 35 μg/ml, respectively. The antioxidant potential of the compounds showed the inhibition percentage values (SC50) ranged from 4.36 to 10.25 μg/ml, while the total antioxidant capacity ranged from (583.66 to 702.00 mg AAE/g compound).
Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that; dates constituents are powerful as antioxidant and antitumor; hence it is the best potential for pharmaceutical applications.
Downloads
References
Hamed MM. Volatile oils from Pelargonium zonale and its cytotoxic effect on tumor cells. Bull Fac Pharm Cairo Univ 2007;45:297-300.
Hamed M, Mohamed M, Refai L, Hammam O, El-Ahwany E, Salah F, et al. The active constituents of Pelargonium zonale induced cytotoxicity in human hepatoma cell line HepG2. Int J Pharm Appl 2015;6:10-9.
Hamed MM, Mohamed MA, Ibrahim MT. Cytotoxic activity assesment of secondary metabolites from Tecomaria capensis v. aurea. Int J Pharmacogn Phytochem Res 2016;8:1173-82.
Hassanein H, El-Ahwany E, Salah F, Hammam O, Refai L, Hamed M. Extracts of five medicinal herbs induced cytotoxicity in both hepatoma and myloma cell lines. Cancer Sci Ther 2010;3:239-43.
Yue-Zhong S. Recent natural products based drug development: a pharmaceutical industry perspetive. J Nat Prod 1998;61:1053-71.
Hamed MM, Mohamed MA, Ibrahim MT. Phytochemical investigation and cytotoxic characterization of bioactive constituents from Conyza dioscoridis. Int J Pharmacogn Phytochem Res 2015;7:948-55.
Ho CT. Phenolic compounds in food: an overview. In: Huang MT, Ho CT, Lee CY. Eds. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health II: Antioxidants and Cancer Prevention, American Chemical Society Symposium Series 507. Am Chem Soc, Washington, DC; 1992. p. 2-7.
Ito N, Hirose M. Antioxidants-carcinogenic and chemo-preventive properties. Adv Cancer Res 1989;53:247-302.
Beech. Archaeobotanical evidence for early date consumption in the Arabian Gulf: The Date Palm, Abu Dhabi, UAE: The Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research; 2003. p. 11-32.
Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Phoenix dactylifera; 1753. p. 1188.
Biota of North America Project, Phoenix dactylifera; 2015.
Flora of China. Phoenix dactylifera; 1753. p. 143.
Abdu SB. The protective role of Ajwa date against the hepatotoxicity induced by Ochratoxin A. Egypt J Nat Tox 2011;8:1-15.
Mansouri A, Embarek G, Kokkalou E, Kefalas P. Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of the Algerian ripe date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera). Food Chem 2005;89:411-20.
Gu L, Kelm MA, Hammerstone JF, Beecher G, Holden J, Haytowitz D, et al. Screening of foods containing proanthocyanidins and their structural characterization using LC-MS/MS and thiolytic degradation. J Agric Food Chem 2003;51:7513-21.
Marwah RG, Fatope MO, Mahrooqi RA, Varma GB, Abadi HA, Al-Burtamani SKS. Antioxidant capacity of some edible and wound healing plants in Oman. Food Chem 2007;101:465-70.
Prieto P, Pineda M, Aguilar M. Spectrophotometric quantitation of antioxidant capacity through the formation of a phosphomolybdenum complex: specific application to the determination of Vitamin E1. Anal Biochem 1999;269:337-41.
Hamed MM, Refahy LA, Abdel-Aziz MS. Assessing the bioactivity and antioxidative properties of some compounds isolated from Abutilon hirtum (lam.). Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2017;10:333-40.
Kumar KS, Ganesan K, Rao PV. Antioxidant potential of solvent extracts of Kappaphycus alverezii (Doty). Edible seaweed. Food Chem 2008;107:289-95.
Mosmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods 1983;65:55-63.
Shmidt J. "Organic Chemistry" Oliver and Bayed, Edinburgh and London. 8th Ed; 1964. p. 318-673.
Paul SB, Singha S. Isolation and identification of physiologically important sterols and sterol glycosides from Basella rubra linn. Biol Environ Sci 2010;5:120-2.
Lu Y, Foo LY. Polyphenolics of salvia-a review. Phytochemistry 2002;59:114-7.
Al-Musayeib N, Perveen S, Fatima I, Nasir M, Hussain A. Antioxidant, anti-glycation and anti-inflammatory activities of phenolic constituents from Cordia sinensis. Molecules 2011;16:10214-6.
Pandey DP, Rather MA, Nautiyal DP, Bachheti RK. Phytochemical analysis of Abutilon indicum. Int J Chem Tech Res 2011;3:642-5.
Harborne JB, Mabry TJ, Mabry H. The flavonoids. Chapman and Hall, London; 1975.
Zhu QY, Hackman RM, Ensunsa JL, Holt RR, Keen CL. Antioxidative activities of oolong tea. J Agric Food Chem 2002;50:6929-34.
Osawa T. Novel natural antioxidants for utilization in food and biological systems. In Uritani I, Garcia VV, Mendoza EM. Eds. Post harvest biochemistry of plant food-materials in the tropics. Japan Scientific Societies Press, Japan; 1994. p. 241-51.
Saleh EA, Tawfik MS, Abu-Tarboush HM. Phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of various date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Fruits from Saudi Arabia. Food Nutr Sci 2011;2:1134-41.
Meyer AS, Donovan JL, Pearson DA, Waterhouse AL, Frankel EN. Fruit hydroxycinnamic acids inhibit low density lipoprotein oxidation in vitro. J Agric Food Chem 1998;46:1783-7.
Cartron E, Carbonneau MA, Fouret G, Descomps B, Leger CL. Specific antioxidant activity of caffeoyl derivatives and other natural phenolic compounds: LDL protection against oxidation and decrease in the proinflammatory lysophosphatidylcholine production. J Nat Prod 2001;64:480-6.
Kikuzaki H, Hisamoto M, Hirose K, Akiyama K, Taniguchi H. Antioxidant properties of ferulic acid and its related compounds. J Agric Food Chem 2002;50:2161-8.
Van der Burg B. Sex steroids and growth factors in mammary cancer. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1991;125:38-41.
Dev S. Impact of natural products in modern drug development. Indian J Exp Biol 2000;48:191-8.
Haroon AM. Effect of some macrophytes extracts on growth of Aspergillus parasiticus. Egypt J Aquatic Res 2006;32:301-13.
Paniagua-Pérez R, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Reyes-Cadena S, Alvarez-González I, Sánchez-Chapul L, Pérez-Gallaga J, et al. "Cell protection induced by beta-sitosterol: inhibition of genotoxic damage, stimulation of lymphocyte production, and determination of its antioxidant capacity. Arch Toxicol; 2008. p. 6.
Li CR, Zhou Z, Lin RX, Zhu D, Sun YN, Tian LL, et al. beta-sitosterol decreases irradiation-induced thymocyte early damage by regulation of the intracellular redox balance and maintenance of mitochondrial membrane stability. J Cell Biochem 2007;102:748-58.
Shi GF, An LJ, Jiang B, Guan S, Bao YM. Alpinia protocatechuic acid protects against oxidative damage in vitro and reduces oxidative stress in vivo. Neurosci Lett 2006;403:206-10.
Tanaka T, Tanaka T, Tanaka M. Potential cancer chemopreventive activity of protocatechuic acid. J Exp Clin Med 2011;3:27-33.
Lin CY, Huang CS, Huang CY, Yin MC. Anticoagulatory, antiinflammatory and antioxidative effects of protocatechuic acid in diabetic mice. J Agric Food Chem 2009;57: 6661-7.
Lee MJ, Chou FP, Tseng TH, Hsieh MH, Lin MC, Wang CJ. Hibiscus protocatechuic acid or esculetin can inhibit oxidative LDL induced by either copper ion or nitric oxide donor. J Agric Food Chem 2002;50:2130-6.
Sagar BK, Singh RP. Genesis and development of DPPH method of antioxidant assay. J Food Sci Technol 2011;48:412-22.
Lee CC, Houghton P. Cytotoxicity of plants from Malaysia and Thailand used traditionally to treat cancer. J Ethnopharmacol 2005;100:237-43.
Liu RH. Potential synergy of phytochemicals in cancer prevention: mechanism of action. J Nutr 2004;134:3479S-85S.
Tanaka T, Kojima T, Kawamori T, Mori H. Chemoprevention of digestive organs carcinogenesis by natural product protocatechuic acid. Cancer 1995;75:1433-9.
Tseng TH, Hsu JD, Lo MH, Chu CY, Chou FP, Huang CL, et al. Inhibitory effect of hibiscus protocatechuic acid on tumor promotion in mouse skin. Cancer Lett 1998;126:199-207.
Hui Mei L, Hsien Chun T, Chau Jong W, Jin-Jin L, Chia Wen L, Fen-Pi C. Hepatoprotective effects of cassia fistula. Linn extract against CCl4 induced oxidative damage in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2008;171:283-93.
Park C, Moon DO, Rhu CH, Choi BT, Lee WH, Kim GY, et al. β-sitosterol induces antiproliferation and apoptosis in human leukemic U937 cells through activation of caspase-3 and induction of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Biol Pharm Bull 2007;30:1317-23.
Holtz RL, Fink CS, Awad AB. Beta-sitosterol activates the sphingomyelin cycle and induces apoptosis in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. Nutr Cancer 1998;32:8-12.
Nakayama M, Nagata K, Ishihama A. Enzymatic properties of the mouse Mxl protein-associated GTPase. Virus Res 1992;22:227-34.
Cuvelier ME, Richard H, Bercet C. Comparison of the antioxidant activity of some acid-phenols: Structure-activity relationships. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1992;56:324-5.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
