ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITIES OF SOLVENT EXTRACTS OF TILIACORA ACUMINATA
Keywords:
Tiliacora acuminata, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity, GC-MS, Nil, T AcuminateAbstract
Objective: To study the antibacterial, antioxidant and anti proliferative activities of ethanol, methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Tiliacora acuminata leaves
Methods: Phytochemical tests were performed according to the protocols described by Matos. Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FT-IR) analysis, DPPH radical scavenging activity, Hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, antimicrobial test, brine shrimp lethality test and cytotoxicity assay were performed according to standard methods.
Results: Ethyl acetate extracts showed the presence of the higher amount of phenolics (320.52 gallic acid equivalent/gm dry weight and flavonoids (250.06 quercetin/gm dry wt). GC-MS analysis showed the presence of alpha.-Tocopherol-beta.-D-mannoside, n-Hexatriacontane and Neophytadiene. Ethyl acetate extract showed higher zone of inhibitions with Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium and Klebsiella pneumonia. The extract also showed cytotoxic activity in human laryngeal cell line and a study on brine shrimps showed positive effect of cytotoxicity with LC50 of 85µg. Further analysis of leaf extract by GC-MS and FTIR proved the presence of various phenolics and flavonoids.
Conclusion: Ethyl acetate extracts of Tiliacora acuminata showed promising antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. This study may be very much helpful for the development of some new drugs based on Tiliacora acuminata in future.
Â
Downloads
References
Nascimento G, Locatelli J, Freitas PC, Silva GL. Antibacterial activity of plant extracts and phytochemicals on antibiotic resistant bacteria. Braz J Microbiol 2000;31:247-56.
Morales G, Paredas A, Sierra P, Loyola LA. Antimicrobial activity of three baccharis species used in the traditional medicine of Northern chile. Molecules 2008;13:790-4.
Littleton J, Rogers T, Falcone D. Novel approaches to plant drug genetic manipulation. Life Sci 2005;78:467-75.
Nair R, Chanda S. Activity of some medicinal plants against certain pathogenic bacterial strains. Indian J Pharmacol 2006;38:142-4.
Roy MK, Nakahara K, Na TV, Trakoontivakorn G, Takenaka M, Isobe S, Baicaelin. A flavonoid extracted from a methanolic extract of Oroxylumindicum inhibits proliferation of a cancer cell line in vitro via induction of apoptosis. Die Pharmazie 2007;62:149-53.
Costa-Lotufo LV, Khan M, Ather A, Wilke DV, Jimenez PC, Pessoa C. Studies of the anticancer potential of plants used in Bangladeshi folk medicine. J Ethnopharmacol 2005;99:21-30.
Slinkard K, singleton VL. Total phenol analyses automation and comparison with manual methods. Am J Enol Viticulture 1977;28:49-55.
Blois MS. Antioxidant determination by the use of a stable free radical. Nature 1968;29:1199-200.
Verma DM, Balakrishnan NP, Dixit RD. Flora of Madhya Pradesh 1993.
Matos FJA. Introdução à fotoquÃmica experimental. Fortaleza Edições UFC;1997.
Singleton VL, Rossi JA. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. Am J Enol Vitic 1965;16:144-58.
Garcia S, Alarcon G, Go´mez M, Heredia N. Haematoxylon brasiletto extracts inhibit growth, enterotoxin production, and adhesion of Vibrio cholera. Food Biotechnol 2005;19:15-26.
Huang B, Ban X, He J, Tong J, Wang YW. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts of edible lotus leaves. Food Chem 2010;120:873-8.
Ruch RJ, Cheng SJ, Klaunig JE. Prevention of cytotoxicity and inhibition of intracellular communication by antioxidant catechins isolated from Chinese green tea. Carcinogenesis 1989;10:1003-8.
Migliore L, Civitareale C, Brambilla G, Di delupis GD. Toxicity of several important agricultural antibiotics to Artemia. Wat Res 1997;31:1801-6.
Lewis GE. Testing the toxicity of extracts of Southern African plants using brine shrimp (Artemia salina). S Afr J Sci 1995;91:382-4.
Pelka M, Danzl C, Distler W, Petschelt A. A new screening test for toxicity testing of dental materials. J Dent 2000;28:341-5.
Mosmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Meth 1983;65:55-3.
Sieuwerts AM, Klijin JG, Peters HA, Foekens JA. The MTT tetrazolium salt assay scrutinized: how to use this assay reliably to measure metabolic activity of cell cultures in vitro for assessment of growth characteristics, IC50-values and cell survival. Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1995;33:813-23.
Zhu KX, Lian CX, Guo XN, Peng W, Zhou HM. Antioxidant activities and total phenolic contents of various extracts from defatted wheat germ. Food Chem 2011;126:1122-6.
Zhao B, Hall CA. Composition and antioxidant activity of raisin extracts obtained from various solvents. Food Chem 2008;108:511-8.
Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC: Free radicals in biology and medicine. Oxford University Press; 2007.
Halliwell B. Free radicals, antioxidants and human diseases; curiosity, cause, or consequence. Lancet 1994;334:721-4.
Aviram M. Review of human studies on oxidative damage and antioxidant protection related to cardiovascular disease. Free Radic Res 2000;33:85-97.
Yam MF, Basir R, Asmawi MZ, Rosidah Ahmad M, Akowuah GA. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of Elephantopus tomentosus ethanol extract. Pharm Biol 2008;46:199–206.
Leonard SS, Cutler D, Ding M, Vallyathan V, Castranova V, Shi X. Antioxidant properties of fruit and vegetable juices: More to the story than ascorbic acid. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2002;32:193–200.
Adeolu AA, Florence OJ, Anthony JA, Patrick JM. Antioxidant activities and phenolic contents of the methanol extracts of the stems of Acokanthera oppositifolia and Adenia gummifera. BMC Complement Altern Med 2008;8:54.
Abdalbasit AM, Ramlah MI, Maznah I, Norsharina I. Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black cumin (Nigella sativa) seedcake. Food Chem 2009;116:306-12.
Ke-Xue Z, Cai-Xia L, Xiao-Na G, Wei P, Hui-Ming Z. Antioxidant activities and total phenolic contents of various extracts from defatted wheat germ. Food Chem 2011;126:1122-6.
Malencic D, Maksimovic Z, Popovic M, Miladinovic J. Polyphenol contents and antioxidant activity of soybean seed extract. Bioresource Technol 2008;99:6688-91.
Chew YL, Lim YY, Omar M, Khoo KS. Antioxidant activity of three edible seaweeds from two areas in South East Asia. LWT-Food Sci Technol 2008;41:1067-72.
Halliwell B. Reactive oxygen species in living systems: Source, biochemistry and role in human disease. Am J Med 1991;91:14-22.
Bhaskar HV, Balakrishnan N. In Vitro antioxidant property of Laticiferous plant species from Western Ghats Tamil Nadu, India. Int J Health Res 2009;2:163-70.
Ebrahimzadeh MA, Nabavi SF, Nabavi SM. Antioxidant activities of methanol extract of Sambucus ebulus L. flower. Pak J Biol Sci 2009;12:447-50.
Parkin DM, Bray FI, Devesa SS. Estimating the world cancer burden: globocan. Int J Cancer 2001;94:153-6.
Eberhardt MV, Lee CY, Liu RH. Antioxidant activity of fresh apples. Nature 2000;405:903-4.
Gupta M, Mazumder KU, Kumar SR, Sivakumar T, Vamsi MML. Anti-tumor activity and antioxidant status of Caesalpinia bonducella against Ehrlich carcinoma in swissalbinos mice. J Pharmacol 2004;94:177-84.
Prasad MNV, Padmalatha K, Jayaram K, Raju NL, TeixeiradaSilva J. Medicinal plants from deccaneco region, India-traditional knowledge, ethnophamacology, cultivation, utilization, biotechnology and conservation. Med Arom Plant Sci Biotechnol 2007;1:155-208.
Zhang DM, Wang Y, Tang MQ, Chan YW, Lam HM, Ye WC, et al. Saxifragifolin B from Androsace umbellata induced apoptosis on human hepatoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007;362:759-65.
Bijal P, Sattwik D, Ravi P, Mohammad Y. Natural bioactive compound with anticancer potential. Int J Adv Pharm Sci 2010;1:32-41.
Rajbir K, Saroj A, Bikram S. Antioxidant activity of the phenol rich fractions of leaves of Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss Bioresource Technol 2008;99:7692-8.
Singh BN, Singh BR, Singh RL, Prakash D, Sarma BK, Singh HB. Antioxidant and anti-quorum sensing activities of green pod of Acacia nilotica L. Food Chem Toxicol 2009;47:778-86.
Gutteridge JMC. Free radicals in disease processes: a compilation of cause and consequence. Free Radic Res Commun 1993;19:141-58.
McLaughlin JL, Chang CJ, Smith DL. Bench-Top bioassays for the discovery of bioactive natural products; an update. In: Studies in Nat Prod Chem 1991:383-409.
Anderson JE, Goetz CM, Mc Laughlin JL, Suffness MA. A blind comparison of simple bench-top bioassays and human tumour cell cytotoxicities as antitumor prescreens. Phytochem Anal 1991;2:107-11.
Stojanovic G, Palic R, Alagic S, Zekovic Z. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and CO2 extracts of semi-oriental tobacco. Otlja Flavour Fragr J 2004;15:335-8.
Ogunlesi M, Okiei W, Ofor E, Osibote AE. Analysis of the essential oil from the dried leaves of Euphorbia hirta Linn (Euphorbiaceae), a potential medication for asthma. Afr J Biotechnol 2009;8:7042-50.
Nankin HR, Lin T, Osterman J. Chronic Testosterone cypionate therapy in men with secondary impotence. Fertilsteril 1986;46:300-7.
Jaffe MD. Effect of testosterone cypionate on postexercise ST segment depression. British Heart J 1977;39:1217-22.
Aghatabay NM, Neshat A, Karabiyik T, Somer M, Hacio D, Dulger B. Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of Fe(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes with 2,6-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl) pyridine ligand. Eur J Med Chem 2007;42:205-13.