ANTIBACTERIAL CAPACITY AND IDENTIFICATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS BY GCMS OF ALLIUM CEPA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i2.23698Keywords:
Antibacterial activity, GCMS, Allium cepa, Bioactive compoundsAbstract
Objective: Plants offer a novel source for the isolation of a wide variety of medicinal agents. Allium cepa commonly known as onion is very well known medicinal plants and we investigated the antibacterial activity of different extracts and their phytochemical analysis by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS).
Methods: The extracts of A. cepa prepared in six different solvents was analyzed for antibacterial activity against nine American type cell culture (ATCC) reference bacterial strains i.e. Shigella flexneri, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using the agar well diffusion method. GCMS analysis also has been carried out for their phytochemical analysis.
Results: The results obtained from agar well diffusion assay showed the zone of inhibition range from 10±0.76 to 26±0.76 mm for different extracts. The methanol extract was found most potent against K. pneumonia and S. marcescens with the zone of inhibition of 26±0.76 mm for both strains. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were in the range of 1.87 to 7.5 mg/ml and the MIC values for K. pneumonia and S. marcescens was 1.87 mg/ml. A total of 43 compounds were identified by GCMS analysis. Out of them dodecanoic acid was found common in all extracts.
Conclusion: It is concluded that Allium cepa have good antibacterial activity so it can be used for the treatment of various infectious diseases.
Downloads
References
Pradeepa M, Kalidas V, Geetha N. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis and bactericidal activity of pelargonium graveolens L'her. Int J Appl Pharm 2016;8:7-11.
Ogunlowo OP, Arimah B, Adebayo M. Phytochemical analysis and comparison of in vitro antimicrobial activities of the leaf, stem bark and root bark of Ficus benghalensis. IOSR J Pharm 2013;3:33-8.
Sharma D, Yadav JP. An overview of phytotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of tuberculosis. ‎Mini Rev Med Chem 2017;17:167-83.
Tyagi R, Sharma G, Jasuja ND, Menghani E. Indian medicinal plants as an effective antimicrobial agent. J Crit Rev 2017;3:69-71.
Keusgen M, Fritsch RM, Hisoriev H, Kurbonova PA, Khassanov FO. Wild Allium species (Alliaceae) used in folk medicine of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2006;2:1-9.
Benkeblia N, Lanzotti V. Allium thiosulfinates: chemistry, biological properties and their potential utilization in food preservation. Food 2007;1:193-201.
Lanzotti V. The analysis of onion and garlic. J Chromatogr A 2006;1112:3-22.
Mnayer D, Fabiano-Tixier AS, Petitcolas E, Hamieh T, Nehme N, Ferrant C, et al. Chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of six essentials oils from the Alliaceae family. Molecules 2014;19:20034-53.
Chinnala KM, Achant P, Vangala VL, Elsani MM. Evaluation for nephroprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Allium cepa linn. In gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2017;10:356-9.
Jalaiah M, Sarvanan R, Gowtham CH, Vinay Y, Akhila Y. Evaluation of cardioprotective activity of Allium cepa aerial leaves. Int J Curr Pharm Res 2017;9:27-30.
Almawlah YH, Alaa H, Al-Jelawi SO. Antibacterial activity of three plant extracts against multidrug resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2017;10:193-7.
Shabana S, Kawai A, Kai K, Akiyama K, Hayashi H. Inhibitory activity against urease of quercetin glycosides isolated from Allium cepa and Psidium guajava. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2010;74:878-80.
Arung ET, Furuta S, Ishikawa H, Kusuma IW, Shimizu K, Kondo R. Anti-melanogenesis properties of quercetin-and its derivative-rich extract from Allium cepa. Food Chem 2011;124:1024–8.
Perez-Gregorio RM, Garcia-Falcon MS, Simal-Gandara J, Rodrigues AS, Almeida DP. Identification and quantification of flavonoids in traditional cultivars of red and white onions at harvest. J Food Comp Anal 2010;23:592-8.
Perez C, Pauli M, Bazerque P. An antibiotic assay by agar well diffusion method. Act Biol Med Exp 1990;15:113-5.
Sarker SD, Nahar L, Kumarasamy Y. Microtitre plate-based antibacterial assay incorporating resazurin as an indicator of cell growth, and its application in the in vitro antibacterial screening of phytochemicals. Methods 2007;42:321-4.
Palaksha MN, Banji D, Rao AS. In vitro evaluation of antibacterial activity of alcoholic extracts of ten South Indian spices against multi-resistant gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria by agar well diffusion method. World J Pharm Pharm Sci 2013;2:3840-7.
Griffiths G, Trueman L, Crowther T, Thomas B, Smith B. Onions-a global benefit to health. Phytother Res 2002;16:603-15.
Sable MG, Puttewar TY, Patil RY. Investigation of antibacterial activity of Allium cepa (onion) Zingiber officinale (Ginger). Int J Curr Res 2014;6:8768-78.
Shinkafi SA, Dauda H. Antibacterial activity of Allium Cepa (Onion) on some pathogenic bacteria associated with ocular infections. Schol J Appl Med Sci 2013;1:147-51.
Kim WJ, Lee KA, Kim KT, Chung MS, Cho SW, Paik HD. Antimicrobial effects of onion (Allium cepa L.) peel extracted by subcritical water. Food Sci Biotech 2011;20:1101-6.
Shakurfow FA, Buazzi MM, Gamal MA. Assessment of antimicrobial activity of onion (Allium cepa) and garlic (Allium sativum) extracts on Listeria monocytogenes; in vitro study. Lebda Med J 2016;1:1-5.
Santas J, Almajano MP, Carbo R. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of crude onion (Allium cepa, L.) extracts. Int J Food Sci Tech 2010;45:403-9.
Nitbani FO, Siswanta D, Solikhah EN. Isolation and antibacterial activity test of lauric acid from crude coconut oil (Cocos nucifera L.). Proc Chem 2016;18:132-40.
Pundir RK, Jain P. Evaluation of five chemical food preservatives for their antibacterial activity against bacterial isolates from bakery products and mango pickles. J Chem Pharm Res 2011;3:24-31.
Odiba JO, Musa AM, Hassan HS, Yahay SM, Okolo EI. Antimicrobial activity of isolated stigmast-5-en-3-β-ol (β-sitosterol) from honeybee Propolis from North-Western, Nigeria. Int J Pharma Sci Res 2014;5:908-18.
Lekshmi PNCJ, Viveka S, Viswanathan MB, Manivannan G, Shobi TM. GC-MS Characterization of Volatile Odorous Compounds in Allium Cepa. Nanobiol Pharm Tech 2014;488-94. DOI:10. 13140/2.1.3278.7523.
Farag MA, Ali SE, Hodaya RH, El-Seedi HR, Sultani HN, Laub A, et al. Phytochemical profiles and antimicrobial activities of Allium cepa red cv. and Allium sativum subjected to different drying methods: a comparative MS-based meta-bolomics. Molecules 2017;22:1-18.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
