WOUND HEALING POTENTIAL OF TRANSDERMAL PATCHES CONTAINING BIOACTIVE FRACTION FROM THE BARK OF FICUS RACEMOSA
Keywords:
Transdermal patches, Ficus racemosa, Tannin fraction, Wound healingAbstract
Objective: The present study aimed to develop transdermal patches containing alkaloid fraction, flavonoid fraction and tannin fraction from Ficus racemosa bark and to assess its wound healing potency.
Methods: In the present investigation, herbal transdermal patches were formulated using natural polymer Protanal LF10/60 by solvent evaporation technique. The physicochemical parameters like flexibility, thickness, smoothness, weight variation, moisture content, hardness and tensile strength were evaluated. Transdermal formulation was exposed to in-vitro cytotoxicity studies in Balb/c 3T3 cell line using the direct contact method. Wound healing activity of the developed formulation was carried out by excision and incision wound model.
Results: Thin, flexible, smooth and transparent films were obtained with natural polymer Protanal LF10/60. The formulation was found to be flexible, uniform thickness and weight, smooth, good drug content (92 to 96%) and little moisture absorption. Quantitative evaluation of in-vitro cytotoxicity studies using MTT assay for the test items and Blank (Placebo) showed a viability of 86.84%, 85.53%, 86.84% and 92.76% respectively. The obtained values indicated that the transdermal patches were non-cytotoxic. Among the tested formulations, the transdermal patches containing flavonoid fraction (TPFF) and tannin fraction (TPTF) showed significant reduction in wound area and significant increase in wound breaking strength in both excision and incision models when compared with control group.
Conclusion: The developed formulations containing bioactive fractions possess significant wound healing activity in excision and incision wound models. The present investigation offers scientific evidence to the folkloric accounts of the use of bark in treating wounds.
Â
Downloads
References
Gaur PK, Mishra S, Purohit S, Dave K. Transdermal drug delivery system: a review. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2009;2(1):14-20.
Singhal P, Singhal R, Kumar V, Goel KK, Jangra AK, Yadav R. Transdermal drug delivery system; A novel technique to enhance therapeutic efficacy and safety of drugs. Am J Pharmtech Res 2012;2(1):105-25.
Fox LT, Gerber M, Plessis JD, Hamman JH. Transdermal drug delivery enhancement by compounds of natural origin. Molecules 2011;16:10507-40.
Raina R, Prawez S, Verma PK, Pankaj NK. Medicinal plants and their role in wound healing. Vet Scand 2008;3:1-7.
Warrier PK. Indian Medicinal Plants-A Compendium of 500 species. Vol. III. Chennai: Orient Longman Ltd; 1996. p. 34-5.
Rastogi RP, Mehrotra BN. Compendium of Indian medicinal plants. New Delhi: Publication and Information Directorate, CSIR; 1993. p. 295.
Chopra RN, Chopra IC, Varma BS. Supplement to glossary of Indian medicinal plants. New Delhi: CSIR; 1992. p. 29.
Vijayalakshmi A, Ravichandiran V, Malarkodi velraj, Jayakumari S. Anti-anaphylactic and Anti-inflammatory activities of alkaloid fraction from the root bark of Plumeria acutifolia Poir. Indian J Pharm Educ Res 2011;45(4):339-45.
Jia Z, Tang M, and Wu J. The determination of flavonoids content in mulbery and scavenging effect on superoxide radicals. Food Chem 1999;64:555–99.
Harborne JB. Phytochemical method guide to modern technique of plant analysis, springer; 1998. p. 83.
Gannu R, Vamshi YV, Kishan V, Rao YM. Development of Nitrendipine transdermal Patches: In vitro and Ex vivo Characterization. Curr Drug Delivery 2007;4:69-76.
Shivaraj A, Selvam RP, Mani TT, Sivakumar T. Design and evaluation of transdermal drug delivery of ketotifen fumarate. Int J Pharm Biomed Res 2010;1(2):42-7.
Premjeet S, Bilandi A, Sahil K, Akanksha M. Transdemal drug delivery system (patches), applications in present scenario; Int J Res Pharm Chem 2011;1(4):1139-40.
Bharkatiya M, Nema RK. Design and characterization of drug free patches for transdermal application. Int J Pharm Sci 2010;2(1):35-9.
Ramkanth S, Alagusundaram M, Gnanaprakash K, Rao KM, Mohammed STS, Paneer K, et al. Design and characterization of matrix type transdermal drug delivery System using metoprolol tartarate. Int J Pharm Res 2010;1(1):1-5.
Sanjoy M, Thimmasetty J, Ratan GN, Kilarimath BH. Formulation and evaluation of Carvedilol transdermal patches. Int Res J Pharm 2011;2(1):237-48.
Misra AN. Controlled and novel drug delivery. In: Jain NK. editors. Transdermal drug delivery. New Delhi, India: CBS Publisher and Distributor; 1997. p. 100-1.
Sakamoto T, Portieri A, Taday PF, Takada Y. Detection of tulobuterol crystal in transdermal patches using terahertz pulsed spectroscopy and imaging. Pharmazie 2009;64(6):361-5.
Chien YW. Transdermal therapeutic system: In controlled drug delivery fundamentals and applications. Vol.50. New York, Marcel Dekker; 1992. p. 301-81.
Biological evaluation of medical devices part 5. Tests for in vitro cytotoxicity. ISO; 2009. p. 10993-5.
Organization for economic cooperation and development (OECD) guidelines for acute toxicity of chemicals. No. 425 [Last accessed on 3 Oct 2008].
Vipin Kumar Garg, Sarvesh Kumar Paliwal. Wound healing activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Ficus bengalensis. Adv Pharm Technol Res 2011;2(2):110–4.
Ehrlich HP, Hunt TK. Effect of cortisone and vitamin A on wound healing. Ann Surg 1968;167:324–8.
Lee KH. Studies on mechanism of action of salicylates II Retardation of wound healing by aspirin. J Pharm Sci 1968;57:1042–3.
Patial MB, Jalalpure SS, Ashraf A. Preliminary phytochemical investigation and wound healing activity the leaves of Argemone mexicana Linn. (Papaveraceae). Indian Drugs 2001;38(6):288-93.
Whaley K, Burt AD. Inflammation, Healing and Repair. In: Muir's Textbook of Pathology. 13th Edn. Arnold, London: Arnold; 1996. p. 112-65.
Mohan H. Inflammation and Healing. In: Textbook of Pathology. 5th Edn. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers; 2005. p. 133-79.
Manjunatha BK. Wound healing activity of Solanum violaceum Ortg. Indian Drugs 2006;43(10):835.
Getie M, Gebre Mariam T, Reitz R, Neubert RH. Evaluation of the release profiles of flavonoids from topical formulations of the crude extract of the leaves of Dodonea viscosa (Sapindaceae). Pharmazie 2002;57:320-2.
Fernandez O, Capdevila JZ, Dalla G, Melchor G. Efficiency of Rhizophora mangle aqueous bark exrtract in the healing of open surgical wounds. Fitoterapia 2002;73:564-8.
Deters A, Dauer A, Schnetz E, Fartasch M, Hensel A. A high molecular compounds (Polysaccharides and proanthocyanidins) from Hamamelis virginiana bark influence on human keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation and influence on irritated skin. Phtyochem 2001;58:949-58.