DETERMINATION OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF RHUS JAVANICA LINN.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2021v13i7.41228Keywords:
Antioxidants, Physicochemical parameters, Rhus Javanica L., SoxhletAbstract
Objective: The present work presents determination of physicochemical parameters of the leaves and the antioxidant properties of methanolic extract of leaves, fruits and bark of Rhus javanica L.
Methods: The leaves of Rhus javanica L. was used for the determination of physicochemical parameters using standard protocol. The leaves, fruits and bark of the plant were extracted successively with petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol. The methanolic extracts were used to determine the antioxidant properties. The radical scavenging activity was determined with different methods like DPPH, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay. The reducing power was determined by reduction of ferric cyanide complex (Fe3+) to the ferrous cyanide form (Fe2+). Total phenols and flavonoids concentrations were analysed using Folin-Ciocalteu’s and aluminium chloride methods.
Results: The moisture content, extractive value (alcohol and water), total ash, acid insoluble ash and water-soluble ash were 0.29%, 24.502%, 19.314%, 8.2%, 0.45% and 4.75% respectively. The fruit extract exhibits the highest scavenging activity presented as percentage inhibition, 75.00±0.89% (100 μg/ml) for DPPH free radical and 74.7±0.68% (100 μg/ml) for hydrogen peroxide radical. The standard BHT (100 μg/ml) shows 78.5±0.43% inhibition for DPPH free radical and 82.5±0.50% inhibition for hydrogen peroxide free radical. The leaves show the highest hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, 65.00±0.40% (100 μg/ml) while the standard Ascorbic acid exhibit 73.81±0.61% (100 μg/ml) inhibition. The highest reducing power was shown by the bark extract but lower than the standard Ascorbic acid. The bark extract shows the highest phenolic and flavonoid content 49.86 mg GAE/g and 19.38 mg QE/g respectively of the dry weight of the extract.
Conclusion: The results of quantitative pharmacognostic parameters in this study is expected to be useful for setting standards for correct identification of the plant. The radical scavenging properties, total phenolic and flavonoid content also suggest that the extracts provide substantial antioxidant activities.
Downloads
References
Chanda S. Importance of pharmacognostic study of medicinal plants: an overview. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2014;2:69-73.
Xia DZ, Yu XF, Zhu ZY, Zou ZD. Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of six edible wild plants (Sonchus spp.) in China. Nat Prod Res 2011;25:1893–901.
Thaipong K, Boonprakob U, Crosby K, Zevallos LC, Byrne DH. Comparison of ABTS, DPPH, FRAP and ORAC assays for estimating antioxidant activity from guava fruit extracts. J Food Compos Anal 2006;19:669-75.
Uttara B, Singh AV, Zamboni P, Mahajan RT, Sing AV, Zamboni BUP, et al. Oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases: a review of upstream and downstream antioxidant therapeutic options. Curr Neuropharmacol 2009;7:65-74.
Saumya SM, Mahaboob BP. In vitro evaluation of free radical scavenging activities of Panax ginseng and Lagerstroemia speciosa: a comparative analysis. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2011;3:165-9.
Ida Christi VE, Uma Poorani T, Nagarajaperumal G, Mohan S. Phytochemicals detection, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity study on berries of Solanum torvum. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2018;11:418-23.
Bose SK, Dewanjee S, Gupta AS, Kartick C, Samanta KC, Kundu M, et al. In vivo evaluation of antidiarrhoeal activity of Rhus semialata fruit extract in rats. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2008;5:97–102.
Sawmliana M. The Book of mizoram plants. 1st ed. Aizawl: Loisbet Offset; 2003.
Tangpu V, Yadav A. Antidiarrhoeal activity of Rhus javanica ripen fruit extract in albino mice. Fitoterapia 2004;75:39-44.
World Health Organization (WHO). Quality control methods for medicinal plant materials. WHO/PHARM/92.559. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO); 1998.
Anonymous. Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia of India part-I Vol. IX. Ghaziabad (U. P.): Pharmacopoeia commission for Indian medicine and homoeopathy; 2016.
Blois MS. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature 1958;181:1199–200.
Ruch RJ, Cheng SJ, Klaunig JE. Prevention of cytotoxicity and inhibition of intracellular communication by antioxidant catechins isolated from Chinese green tea. Carcinogenesis 1989;10:1003-8.
Halliwell B, Gutteridge JM, Aruoma OI. The deoxyribose method: a simple “test-tube” assay for determination of rate constants for reactions of hydroxyl radicals. Anal Biochem 1987;165:215-9.
Oyaizu M. Studies on products of browning reaction-antioxidative activities of products of browning reaction prepared from glucosamine. Japan J Nutr Diet 1986;44:307–15.
McDonald S, Prenzler PD, Antolovich M, Robards K. Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of olive extracts. Food Chem 2001;73:73–84.
Chang CC, Yang MH, Wen HM, Chern JC. Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. J Food Drug Anal 2002;10:178–82.
Periyanayagam K, Kasirajan B, Karthikeyan V, Jancy Gracelet R, Kumuda T. Quality assessment profile of the leaves of Vitis vinifera L. (Vitaceae)–An important phytotherapy component of tropical diseases control. Innovare J Health Sci 2013;1:26-31.
Agrawal SK, Karthikeyan V, Parthiban P. Pharmacognostic and physiochemical standardization of the leaves of Scoparia dulcis L. Int J Univers Pharm Bio Sci 2014;3:131-44.
Jothi G, Keerthana K, Sridharan G. Pharmacognostic, physicochemical, and phytochemical studies on stem bark of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2019;12:1-5.
Thomas S, Patil DA, Patil AG, Chandra N. Pharmacognostic evaluation and physicochemical analysis of Averrhoa carambola L. fruit. J Herb Toxicol 2008;2:51-4.
Dehpour AA, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Nabavi SF, Nabavi SM. Antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Ferula asafoetida and its essential oil composition. Grasas Aceites 2009;60:405-12.
Gulcin I, Huyut Z, Elmastas M, Aboul Enein HY. Radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of tannic acid. Arab J Chem 2010;3:43-53.
Halliwell B, Clement MV, Long LH. Hydrogen peroxide in the human body. FEBS Lett 2000;486:10–3.
Ebrahimzadeh MA, Nabavi SF, Nabavi SM. Antioxidant activities of methanol extract of Sambucus ebulus L. flower. Pak J Biol Sci 2009;12:447-50.
Jacob J, John M. Phytochemical screening and evaluation of leaf parts of hypoestes phyllostachya rosea for in vitro antioxidant activities. Int J Curr Pharm Res 2020;12:54-8.
Rahman MM, Islam MB, Biswas M, Khurshid Alam AHM. In in vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of different parts of Tabebuia pallida growing in Bangladesh. BCM Res Notes 2015;8:261-9.
Rice Evans CA, Miller NJ, Paganga G. Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Free Radical Biol Med 1996;20:933-56.
Heim KE, Tagliaferro AR, Bobilya DJ. Flavonoid antioxidants: chemistry, metabolism and structure-activity relationships. J Nutr Biochem 2002;13:572-84.
Pandey AK, Mishra AK, Mishra A. Antifungal and antioxidative potential of oil and extracts derived from leaves of Indian spice plant Cinnamomum tamala. Cell Mol Biol 2012;58:142–7.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
