ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT PRESCRIBING PATTERN AND COST ANALYSIS OF ORAL ANTI-DIABETIC DRUGS IN ELDERLY POPULATION FROM PUNGANUR REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2021v13i7.41646Keywords:
Anti-diabetic, Prescription, Elderly, Cost analysis, TeneligliptinAbstract
Objective: The main aim of the study is to analyze the prescribing patterns and cost-effective analysis of single therapy and combination therapy oral anti-diabetic drugs, awareness of patients about diabetes, medication and lifestyle modification in the geriatrics population.
Methods: A prospective study was carried out over a period of 12 mo in the region of Punganur Andhra Pradesh. Type 2 diabetic patients who were on oral anti-diabetic drugs were enrolled in the study. A suitable data collection form was prepared and used to collect the required data. The demographic data, disease data and the utilization of various oral anti-diabetic agents were analyzed. About 800 patients were enrolled for the study from rural and urban areas in Punganur. Among the study population, 63% (504) were males and 37% (296) were females in the age group of 55 y and above. The majority of patients were from urban areas 70% (560) and 30% (240) were from rural areas. About 78 % of the patients have a history of diabetes more than 10 y and 22% were more than 5 y and less than 10 y.
Results: The present study found that type 2diabetes was prevalent in males than females. Results show two anti-diabetic drugs of single drug and fixed dose combination per prescription was more than the single anti-diabetic drug also found new prescription was observed more and cost of treatment was immense when compared to old prescription. Prescription pattern exposed Glibenclamide, Metformin, Glipizide and Glimepiride were the most common drugs used among the various oral antidiabetics. Currently, newer drug DPPi 4 inhibitors like Sitagliptin, Vildagliptin and Teneligliptin are used as single and combination with metformin were increased in prescription. Among the various oral antidiabetics prescribed, the cost of 2 drugs per prescription and newer anti-diabetic drugs like DPPi4 was high but cost analysis study revealed the availability low cost brands in market.
Conclusion: The study concluded that Prescription pattern and cost analysis of marketed anti-diabetic drug might be helpful for the professional to prescribe low cost effective medication.
Downloads
References
Dipiro TJ, Talbert LR, Materia Yee CG. Pharmacotherapy and pathophysiologic approach. 7th ed. China: McGraw Hill Medical; 2008. p. 1206-37.
Glenn M, Julie A. Diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome. In: Carol MP, Glenn M. Eds. Pathophysiology:-Concepts of altered health states. 8th ed. China: Lippincott, Williams and wikins; 2008. p. 1047-69.
Kannan, Arshad, Kumar S. A study on drug utilization of oral hypoglycemic agents in type-2 diabetic patients. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2011;4:60-4.
Maithra A. The endocrine system. In: Kumar, Abbas, Aster, Fausto. Editors. Pathological basis of disase. 8th ed. India; 2009. p. 1131-47.
Taylor C, Hobbs FD. Type 2 diabetes, thiazolidinediones, and cardiovascular risk. Br J Pharmacol 2009;59:520-4.
Roger Walker, Clive Edwards. Clinical pharmacy and therapeutics. 3rd ed Spain: Churchill Livingstone; 2003. p. 657-76.
Rayappa PH, Raju KN, Kapur A, Bjork S, Sylvest C, Kumar D. Ecomomic cost of diabetic care. Int J Diabetes Dev Countries 1999;19:87-97.
Haslett C, Chilvers RE, Boon AN. Davidson’s principles and practice of medicine. 19th ed. London: Churchill Livingstone; 2003. p. 657-77.
How to Investigate Drug Use in Health Facilities: Selected Drug Use indicators. Geneva: Switzerland: World Health Organization (WHO) and International Network for Rational Use of Drugs; 1993.
National List of Essential Medicines of India. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India; 2011. Available from: http://www.pharmaceuticals.gov.in/NLEM.pdf. [Last accessed on 20 Feb 2021]
WHO Essential Medicine List. World Health Organization; 2011.
http://www.medlineindia.com. [Last accessed on 20 Feb 2021]
Petersen KF, Krssak M, Inzucchi S, Cline GW, Dufour S, Shulman GI. Mechanism of troglitazone action in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2000;49:827-31.
Bailey J, Turner RC. Metformin N. Engl J Med 1996;334:574-9.
DeFronzo RA, Goodman AM. Efficacy of metformin in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The multicenter metformin study group. N Engl J Med 1995;333:541–9.
Bressler R, Johnson DG. Pharmacological regulation of blood glucose levels in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 1997;157:836-48.
Demuth HU, McIntosh CH, Pederson RA. Type 2 diabetes--therapy with dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors. Biochim Biopsies Acta 2005;1751:33-4.
Chang AM, Halter JB. Aging and insulin secretion. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2003;284:E7–12.
Szoke E, Shrayyef MZ, Messing S, Woerle HJ, van Haeften TW, Meyer C, et al. Effect of aging on glucose homeostasis: accelerated deterioration of beta-cell function in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care 2008;31:539–43.
Solving E, Coresh J, Brancati FL. The burden and treatment of diabetes in elderly individuals in the u. s. Diabetes Care 2006;29:2415–9.
Weir LM, Pfuntner A, Steiner C. Hospital utilization among oldest adults, 2008. HCUP Statistical Brief 103. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD; 2010.
American Diabetes Association. Economic costs of diabetes in the U. S. in 2012. Diabetes Care 2013;36:1033–46.
Zhuo X, Zhang P, Barker L, Albright A, Thompson TJ, Gregg E. The lifetime cost of diabetes and its implications for diabetes prevention. Diabetes Care 2014;37:2557–64.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
