ANTIFUNGAL SCREENING OF 61 TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL PLANTS OF 305 EXTRACTS AGAINST DERMATOPHYTIC FUNGI TRICHOPHYTON TONSURANS
Keywords:
61 medicinal plants, Trichophyton tonsurans, Antifungal screeningAbstract
Objective: Antidermatophytic activity of 305 extracts from 61 traditional medicinal plants belonging to 33 different families from Hyderabad Karnataka region was subjected to screening against Trichophyton tonsurans.
Methods: The screening was performed using Pet ether, chloroform, ethyalacetate, methanol and aqueous successive extracts (Soxhlet extractor) of each plant was tested for their antifungal activity using the agar well diffusion method at a sample concentration of 5 & 2.5 mg/ml. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of 10 very effective plants were determined using the broth dilution technique.
Results: Out of 61 plants, 10 exhibited very effective antidermatophytic activity in three extracts like ethyalacetate (05), methanol (02), chloroform (02), Aqueous (01) extracts, effective activity observed in 14 plants in different extracts, whereas 34 plants showed moderate activity, 03 plants showed weak activity.
Conclusion: On the basis of the results obtained, we conclude that the crude extracts of Allium sativam L., Corchorus oleterius L., Gymnosporia montana (Roth) Benth, Milletia pinnata (L.) Panigrahi, Lycopersicon esculentum L., Annona squamosa L., Plumbago zeylanica L., Calotropis gigantea L., Zingiber officinale Rosce. exhibited significant antidermatophytic activity (T. tonsurans) and properties that support folkloric use in the treatment of skin diseases as broad-spectrum antimycotic agents. This probably explains the use of these plants by the indigenous people against dermatological infections.
Downloads
References
Seema Bhadauria, Padma Kumar. In vitro antimycotic activity of some medicinal plants against human pathogenic dermatophytes. Indian J Fundam Appl Life Sci 2011;1:1-10.
Khan SU, Khan GM, Mehsud SUK. Antifungal activities of tamarix dioica-an in vitro study. Gomal J Med Sci 2004;2:40-2.
Del Poeta M, Schell WA, Perfect JR. In vitro antifungal activity of pneumocandin L-743, 872 against a variety of clinically important molds. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997;41:1835-6.
Hildick G, Smith. Antifungal antibiotics. Pediatrics Clin North Am 1968;15:107, 18.
Natarajan V, Venugopal PV, Menon T. Effect of Azadirachta indica (neem) on the growth pattern of dermatophytes. Indian J Med Microbiol 2003;21:98-101.
Norris HA, Elewski BE, Ghannoum MA. Optimal growth conditions for the determination of the antifungal susceptibility of three species of dermatophytes with the use of a micro dilution method. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999;40:9-13.
Rioppon JW. Medical mycology the pathogenic fungi and actinomycetes. WB Saunders Company 1998;3:208-49.
Sharma A. Secondary metabolites from tissue cultures of some medicinally important plants. Thesis, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur; 1988.
Caceres A, Lopez B, Juarez X, Aguila J, Garcia S, Del Aguila J. Plants used in Guatemala for the treatment of dermatophytic infections 2. Evaluation of antifungal activity of seven American plants. J Ethnopharmacol 1993;3:207-13.
Mehrabian S, Molabashi Z, Majd A. The antimicrobial effect of garlic (Allium sativum) extract on mouth microflora. Iran J Public Health 1995;24:39-44.
Farombi EO. African indigenous plants with chemotherapeutic potential and biotechnological approach to the production of bioactive prophylactic agents. Afr J Biotechnol 2003;2:662-71.
Mahesh B, Satish S. Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants against plant and human pathogen. World J Agric Sci 2008;4:839-43.
Tiwari LC, Agarwal RG, Pandey MJ, Uniyal MR, Pandey G. Some traditional folk medicine from the Himalayas (U. P. Region). Aryavaidyan 1990;4:49-57.
Rajendharan J, Mani AM, Navaneethakannan K. Antibacterial activity of some selected medicinal plant. Geobios 1998;25:280-2.
Nair R, Kalariya T, Chanda S. Antibacterial activity of some selected Indian medicinal flora. Turk J Biol 2005;29:41-7.
Prusti A, Mishra SR, Sahoo S, Mishra SK. Antibacterial activity of some Indian medicinal plants. Ethnobotanical Leaflets 2008;12:227-30.
Cowan MM. Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clin Microbiol Rev 1999;12:564-83.
Serafin C, Nart V, Malheiros A, Cruz AB, Monache FD, Gette MA, et al. Avaliação do potencial antimicrobiano de Plinia glomerata (Myrtaceae). Revista Braseleira de Farmacognesia 2007;17:578-82.
Silva JG, Souza IA, Higino JS, Siqueira-Junior JP, Pereira JV, Pereira MSV. Atividade antimicrobiana do extrato de Anacardium occidentaleLinn. em amostras multiresistentes de Staphylococcusaureus. Revista Braseleira de Farmacognesia 2007;17:572-7.
Coutinho HDM, Costa JGM, Siqueira-Júnior JP, Lima EO. In vitro anti-staphylococcal activity of Hyptis martiusii Benth against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-MRSA strains. Revista Braseleira de Farmacognesia 2008;18:670-5.
Seetharam YN, Kotresh K, Upalaonkar SB. Flora of gulbarga district. Gulbarga University, Gulbarga; 2000.
Santos DA. Barros MES, Hamadan JS. Establishing a method of inoculum preparation for susceptibility testing of Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. J Clin Microbiol 2006;1:98-101.
Hadacek, Greger. Testing of antifungal natural products: methodologies, comparability of results and assay choise. Phytochem Anal 2000;11:137-47.
Magaldi S, Mata-Essayag S, Hartung de Capriles C, Perez C, Colella MT, Carolina Olaizola, et al. Well diffusion for antifungal susceptibility testing. Int J Infect Dis 2004;8:39-45.
National committee for clinical laboratory standards (NCCLS). Approved Standard M2-A6, 5ed. NCCLS: Wayne, PA; 1997.
Shinkafi SA, Manga SB. Isolation of dermatophytes and screening of selected medicinal plants used in the treatment of dermatophytosis. Int Res J Microbiol 2011;2:040-048.
Bharathi H, Vidyasagar GM. A Comparative study: diffential antimycoses activity of crude leaf extract of Calotropis spp. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2012;4:705-8.
Mehmood Z, Ahmad I, Mohammad F, Ahmad D. Indian medicinal plants: A potential source for anticandidal drugs. Pharm Biol 1999;37:237–42.
Dhar ML, Dhar MM, Dhawan BN, Mehrotra BN, Ray C. Indian J Exp Biol 1968;6:232.
Shikandar KS, Tasveer ZB, Nizam K, Gilani SA, Kazmil SU. Qualitative antifungal screening and antifungal activity of carica papya leaf extract against human and plant pathogenic fungi. Int Res J Pharm 2013;4:83-6.