EFFECT OF CYPHENOTHRIN-INDUCED SPLENIC DAMAGE AND HEMATOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS IN MALE WISTAR RATS (RATTUS NORVEGICUS)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2023v15i11.48970Keywords:
Hematology, Spleen, Cyphenothrin, HistologyAbstract
Objective: Cyphenothrin is a major insecticide causing toxicological implications in mammals. Several studies estimated the consequences posed by this insecticide. The present study was designed to investigate the possible pyrethroid effects of cyphenothrin-induced hematological alterations and splenic damage in male Wistar albino rats.
Methods: The rats were subjected to 60 d of exposure to a sublethal concentration of cyhenothrin. Hematological analyses revealed alterations in blood indices including red blood cells, white blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and platelet count. However, increased cyphenothrin level in treated rat groups was significant in the present study. This might be attributed to cyphenothrin enhancing stress of animal physiology.
Results: Histological examination of spleen resulted in rarefication of white pulp, damaged marginal zone, decreased periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS) 35.33 mg/Kg BW high dose, and number of lymphoid follicles in the high concentration of cyphenothrin group. However, the treatment of cyphenothrin significantly affected the low-concentration cyphenothrin-treated group more than the high-concentration-treated group 63.6 mg/Kg BW low dose compared to the control.
Conclusion: This indicates the effective property of toxicity on the immunomodulatory effects of cyphenothrin. Results of the present study suggest that the Cyphenothrin effect has a potentially key role in hematological and immunomodulatory processes that might be implemented.
Downloads
References
Anand SS, Bruckner JV, Haines WT, Muralidhara S, Fisher JW, Padilla S. Characterization of deltamethrin metabolism by rat plasma and liver microsomes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2006 Apr 15;212(2):156-66. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2005.07.021, PMID 16169030.
Banerjee BD. Effects of sub-chronic DDT exposure on humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in albino rats. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1987 Nov;39(5):827-34. doi: 10.1007/BF01855862, PMID 3690008.
Acker CI, Souza AC, Dos Santos MP, Mazzanti CM, Nogueira CW. Diphenyl diselenide attenuates hepatic and hematologic toxicity induced by chlorpyrifos acute exposure in rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2012 Sep;19(8):3481-90. doi: 10.1007/s11356-012-0882-4, PMID 22477165.
Diaz JH. Chemical and plant-based insect repellents: efficacy, safety, and toxicity. Wilderness Environ Med. 2016 Mar 1;27(1):153-63. doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2015.11.007, PMID 26827259.
El-bendary H. Histopathological changes associated with exposure of male mice to profenofos and chlorpyrifos. Annu Res Rev Biol. 2014;4(5):766-77. doi: 10.9734/ARRB/2014/4924.
Gosselin RE, Smith RP, Hodge HC, Braddock JE. Clinical toxicology of commercial products. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1984 Sep.
Brahmkshatriya HR, Shah KA, Ananthkumar GB, Brahmkshatriya MH. Clinical evaluation of Cissus quadrangularis as osteogenic agent in maxillofacial fracture: a pilot study. Ayu. 2015 Apr;36(2):169-73. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.175542, PMID 27011718.
Heudorf U, Angerer J. Metabolites of pyrethroid insecticides in urine specimens: current exposure in an urban population in Germany. Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Mar;109(3):213-7. doi: 10.1289/ehp.01109213, PMID 11333180.
Inayat Q, Ilahi M, Khan J. A morphometric and histological study of the kidney of mice after dermal application of cypermethrin. J Pak Med Assoc. 2007 Dec 1;57(12):587-91, PMID 18173040.
Kingsley IA, Sunday IP, Blessing AA. Histological assessment of the effects of pyrethroids insecticide morteinon the lungs of adult wistar rats. IOSR JDMS. 2015;14:77-80.
Bancroft JD, Gamble M, editors. Theory and practice of histological techniques. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2008.
Shah MK, Khan A, Rizvi F, Siddique M. Effect of cypermethrin on clinico-haematological parameters in rabbits. Pak Vet J. 2007;27(4):171-5.
Kerkvliet NI, Burleson GR. Immunotoxicity of TCDD and related halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. Immunotoxicol Immunopharmacol. 1994;2:97-121:ID2195553.
Luty S, Latuszynska J, Obuchowska Przebirowska D, Tokarska M, Haratym Maj A. Subacute toxicity of orally applied alpha-cypermethrin in swiss mice. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2000;7(1):33-41. PMID 10865243.
Elhalwagy MEA, Darwish NS, Zaher EM. Prophylactic effect of green tea polyphenols against liver and kidney injury induced by fenitrothion insecticide. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2008 Jun 1;91(2):81-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2008.01.006.
Rahman MF, Siddiqui MK. Hematological and clinical chemistry changes induced by subchronic dosing of a novel phosphorothionate (RPR-V) in Wistar male and female rats. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2006 Jan 1;29(1):95-110. doi: 10.1080/01480540500408697, PMID 16455593.
Williams GT. Apoptosis in the immune system. J Pathol. 1994;173(1):1-4. doi: 10.1002/path.1711730102, PMID 7931833.
Mirfazaelian A, Kim KB, Anand SS, Kim HJ, Tornero Velez R, Bruckner JV. Development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for deltamethrin in the adult male sprague-dawley rat. Toxicol Sci. 2006 Oct 1;93(2):432-42. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfl056, PMID 16831841.
Pereira SP, Langley PG, Williams R. The management of abnormalities of hemostasis in acute liver failure. Semin Liver Dis. 1996;16(4):403-14. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1007253, PMID 9027953.
Prater MR, Gogal Jr RM, Blaylock BL, Longstreth J, Holladay SD. Single-dose topical exposure to the pyrethroid insecticide, permethrin in C57BL/6N mice: effects on thymus and spleen. Food Chem Toxicol. 2002 Dec 1;40(12):1863-73. doi: 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00163-1, PMID 12419701.
Mebius RE, Kraal G. Structure and function of the spleen. Nat Rev Immunol. 2005 Aug 1;5(8):606-16. doi: 10.1038/nri1669, PMID 16056254.
Gonzalez Casas R, Jones EA, Moreno Otero R. Spectrum of anemia associated with chronic liver disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2009 Oct 10;15(37):4653-8. doi: 10.3748/wjg.15.4653, PMID 19787828.
Elmore SA. Enhanced histopathology of the spleen. Toxicol Pathol. 2006 Aug;34(5):648-55. doi: 10.1080/01926230600865523, PMID 17067950.
Aroonvilairat S, Tangjarukij C, Sornprachum T, Chaisuriya P, Siwadune T, Ratanabanangkoon K. Effects of topical exposure to a mixture of chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and captan on the hematological and immunological systems in male Wistar rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2018 Apr 1;59:53-60. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.02.010, PMID 29529450.
Ambali SF, Ayo JO, Esievo KA, Ojo SA. Hemotoxicity induced by chronic chlorpyrifos exposure in Wistar rats: mitigating effect of vitamin C. Vet Med Int. 2011 Apr 27;2011:945439. doi: 10.4061/2011/945439, PMID 21647348.
Giri S, Giri A, Sharma GD, Prasad SB. Mutagenic effects of carbosulfan, a carbamate pesticide. Mutat Res. 2002 Aug 26;519(1-2):75-82. doi: 10.1016/S1383-5718(02)00114-6, PMID 12160893.
Sangha GK, Kaur K, Khera KS, Singh B. Toxicological effects of cypermethrin on female albino rats. Toxicol Int. 2011 Jan;18(1):5-8. doi: 10.4103/0971-6580.75844, PMID 21430912.
Schettgen T, Heudorf U, Drexler H, Angerer J. Pyrethroid exposure of the general population-is this due to diet. Toxicol Lett. 2002 Aug 5;134(1-3):141-5. doi: 10.1016/S0378-4274(02)00183-2, PMID 12191872.
Smith PA, Thompson MJ, Edwards JW. Estimating occupational exposure to the pyrethroid termiticide bifenthrin by measuring metabolites in urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2002 Oct 5;778(1-2):113-20. doi: 10.1016/S0378-4347(01)00440-6, PMID 12376119.
Aswar UM, Mohan V, Bodhankar SL. Antiosteoporotic activity of phytoestrogen-rich fraction separated from ethanol extract of aerial parts of Cissus quadrangularis in ovariectomized rats. Indian J Pharmacol. 2012 May;44(3):345-50. doi: 10.4103/0253-7613.96310, PMID 22701244.
Savithri Y, Sekhar PR, Doss PJ. Changes in hematological profiles of albino rats under chlorpyrifos toxicity. Int J Pharm Biol Sci. 2010;1(3):19.
Zhang ZW, Sun JX, Chen SY, Wu YQ, He FS. Levels of exposure and biological monitoring of pyrethroids in spraymen. Br J Ind Med. 1991 Feb 1;48(2):82-6. doi: 10.1136/oem.48.2.82, PMID 1998612.
Iteire KA, Igbigbi PS, Oyibororho O. Toxicological effects of pyrethroids insecticide on the spleen and bone marrow of adult Albino rats. Nig J Bas App Sci. 2017;25(2):143-50. doi: 10.4314/njbas.v25i2.15.
Banerjee BD, Hussain QZ. Effects of endosulfan on humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in rats. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1987 Mar 1;38(3):435-41. doi: 10.1007/BF01606611, PMID 3814868.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2023 SRINIVAS B. NEGLUR, MUNISWAMY DAVID
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
