EXPLORING THE UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES OF MISUSE OF WEGOVY AND OZEMPIC IN WEIGHT MANAGEMENT: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i6.50611Keywords:
GLP-1 receptor agonists, Obesity pharmacotherapy, Weight management, Metabolic health, Adverse events, Patient-centered careAbstract
In recent years, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have emerged as promising options for weight management, offering not only glycemic control benefits but also significant reductions in body weight. Among these agents, Wegovy (semaglutide) and Ozempic (semaglutide) have gained attention for their efficacy in promoting weight loss, even in individuals without diabetes. However, the off-label use of these medications for weight management raises several questions and concerns regarding their safety, efficacy, and long-term effects. This comprehensive review aims to explore the complexities of GLP-1 agonists in weight management, focusing on their mechanism of action, clinical evidence, safety profile, dosing considerations, potential interactions, and future directions.
Downloads
References
Lexchin J, Mintzes B. Semaglutide: a new drug for the treatment of obesity. Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin [Internet]. BMJ; 2023 Oct 25;61(12):182–188. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/dtb.2023.000007
Ashinze P, Abdul-Rahman T, Wireko AA. Semaglutide in the spotlight: weighing benefits against rising concerns. Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism [Internet]. SAGE Publications; 2024 Jan;15. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20420188231222394
Basch CH, Narayanan S, Tang H, Fera J, Basch CE. Descriptive analysis of TikTok videos posted under the hashtag #Ozempic. Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health [Internet]. Elsevier BV; 2023;1:100013. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.glmedi.2023.100013
Abdi Beshir S, Ahmed Elnour A, Soorya A, Parveen Mohamed A, Sir Loon Goh S, Hussain N, Al Haddad AHI, Hussain F, Yousif Khidir I, Abdelnassir Z. A narrative review of approved and emerging anti-obesity medications. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal [Internet]. Elsevier BV; 2023 Oct;31(10):101757. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101757
Wojtara M, Syeda Y, Mozgała N, Mazumder A. Examining Off-Label Prescribing of Ozempic for Weight-Loss. Qeios [Internet]. Qeios Ltd; 2023 Jun 6; Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.32388/t6y97s
Lau DCW, Batterham RL, le Roux CW. Pharmacological profile of once-weekly injectable semaglutide for chronic weight management. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology [Internet]. Informa UK Limited; 2022 Mar 4;15(3):251–268. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17512433.2022.2070473
Borzutzky C, King E, Fox CK, Stratbucker W, Tucker J, Yee JK, Kumar S, Cuda S, Sweeney B, Kirk S, on behalf of the POWER Work Group. Trends in prescribing anti‐obesity pharmacotherapy for paediatric weight management: Data from the POWER Work Group. Pediatric Obesity [Internet]. Wiley; 2020 Sep 2;16(1). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.12701
Villela R, Correa R. Semaglutide 2.4 Mg: The Latest GLP-1RA Approved for Obesity. Journal of Investigative Medicine [Internet]. SAGE Publications; 2022 Jan;70(1):3–4. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jim-2021-002227
Campbell JE, Müller TD, Finan B, DiMarchi RD, Tschöp MH, D’Alessio DA. GIPR/GLP-1R dual agonist therapies for diabetes and weight loss—chemistry, physiology, and clinical applications. Cell Metabolism [Internet]. Elsevier BV; 2023 Sep;35(9):1519–1529. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2023.07.010
Alsefri KA, Alsefri MA, Alsefri MA, Alharbi AS. OZEMPIC (SEMAGLUTIDE): A NEW WEIGHT LOSS DRUG FOR CHRONIC WEIGHT MANAGEMENT. Journal of Population Therapeutics & Clinical Pharmacology [Internet]. Green Publication; 2022 Mar 14;1604–1607. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v29i03.4454
Bham A, Ditta MA. Semaglutide for the treatment of obesity – a review. World Family Medicine Journal /Middle East Journal of Family Medicine [Internet]. Medi + World International; 2021 Sep;19(9). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5742/mewfm.2021.94116
Silverii GA, Monami M, Gallo M, Ragni A, Prattichizzo F, Renzelli V, Ceriello A, Mannucci E. Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists and risk of thyroid cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism [Internet]. Wiley; 2023 Nov 29; Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dom.15382
Hale PM, Ali AK, Buse JB, McCullen MK, Ross DS, Sabol ME, Tuttle RM, Stemhagen A. Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Surveillance Study: A Case-Series Registry. Thyroid [Internet]. Mary Ann Liebert Inc; 2020 Oct 1;30(10):1397–1398. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/thy.2019.0591
Han SH, Ockerman K, Furnas H, Mars P, Klenke A, Ching J, Momeni A, Sorice-Virk S. Practice Patterns and Perspectives of the Off-Label Use of GLP-1 Agonists for Cosmetic Weight Loss. Aesthetic Surgery Journal [Internet]. Oxford University Press (OUP); 2023 Dec 12; Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjad364
Thompson T, Rahman H, Sprando A, Friedlander MP. In overweight adult patients with type 2 diabetes, is tirzepatide as effective for weight loss compared to existing GLP1 agonists (i.e. Ozempic)? Evidence-Based Practice [Internet]. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health); 2023 Aug 11;27(2):23–25. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ebp.0000000000001948
Aslam U, Mehboob S. Misuse of Ozempic as a drug choice for weight loss, a potential threat. International Journal of Scientific Reports [Internet]. Medip Academy; 2023 Nov 23;9(12):419–419. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20233563
Winter G. The risks and rewards of semaglutide in obesity treatment. Journal of Prescribing Practice [Internet]. Mark Allen Group; 2023 Apr 2;5(4):146–147. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jprp.2023.5.4.146
Gao X, Hua X, Wang X, Xu W, Zhang Y, Shi C, Gu M. Efficacy and safety of semaglutide on weight loss in obese or overweight patients without diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Frontiers in Pharmacology [Internet]. Frontiers Media SA; 2022 Sep 14;13. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.935823
Patel F, Gan A, Chang K, Vega KJ. Acute Pancreatitis in a Patient Taking Semaglutide. Cureus [Internet]. Springer Science and Business Media LLC; 2023 Aug 19; Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.43773
Sharma A, Parachuri N, Kumar N, Saboo B, Tripathi HN, Kuppermann BD, Bandello F. Semaglutide and the risk of diabetic retinopathy—current perspective. Eye [Internet]. Springer Science and Business Media LLC; 2021 Aug 9;36(1):10–11. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41433-021-01741-5
Shu Y, He X, Wu P, Liu Y, Ding Y, Zhang Q. Gastrointestinal adverse events associated with semaglutide: A pharmacovigilance study based on FDA adverse event reporting system. Frontiers in Public Health [Internet]. Frontiers Media SA; 2022 Oct 20;10. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.996179
Kennedy C, Hayes P, Salama S, Hennessy M, Fogacci F. The Effect of Semaglutide on Blood Pressure in Patients without Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine [Internet]. MDPI AG; 2023 Jan 18;12(3):772. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12030772
Tariq MA, Amin H, Shurjeel Q, Gang A, Mohiuddin A. Gastrointestinal adverse events of semaglutide in patients with overweight or obesity. European Journal of Internal Medicine [Internet]. Elsevier BV; 2022 Dec;106:138–139. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2022.08.015
Ruder K. As Semaglutide’s Popularity Soars, Rare but Serious Adverse Effects Are Emerging. JAMA [Internet]. American Medical Association (AMA); 2023 Dec 12;330(22):2140. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2023.16620
Amaro A, Sugimoto D, Wharton S. Efficacy and safety of semaglutide for weight management: evidence from the STEP program. Postgraduate Medicine [Internet]. Informa UK Limited; 2022 Apr 14;134(sup1):5–17. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00325481.2022.2147326
Semaglutide 2.4-mg injection as a novel approach for chronic weight management. The American Journal of Managed Care [Internet]. Managed Care and Healthcare Communications, LLC; 2022 Dec 1;28(Suppl 15):S297–S306. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.37765/ajmc.2022.89293
Jones PM, Hobai IA, Murphy PM. Anesthesia and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: proceed with caution! Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d’anesthésie [Internet]. Springer Science and Business Media LLC; 2023 Jul 19;70(8):1281–1286. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12630-023-02550-y
Suran M. As Ozempic’s Popularity Soars, Here’s What to Know About Semaglutide and Weight Loss. JAMA [Internet]. American Medical Association (AMA); 2023 May 16;329(19):1627. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2023.2438
Schmitz S, Tchang BG, Shukla AP. Obesity Pharmacotherapy: a Review of Current Practices and Future Directions. Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology [Internet]. Springer Science and Business Media LLC; 2023 Feb 8;21(1):27–47. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11938-023-00409-1
PubChem. Semaglutide [Internet]. Semaglutide | C187H291N45O59 | CID 56843331 - PubChem. Available from: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/56843331
Elberry AA, Rabea H, Mohsen SM, Mourad AR, Kinawy G. Prospective study on the effect of pharmaceutical care on maternal and fetal outcomes in gestational and pregestational diabetic patients. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci [Internet]. 2022;14(5):42–48. Available from: https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2022v14i5.43598
Kulmi M, Saxena G. Comparison of effects of sitagliptin and a combination of naltrexone and bupropion in high fat diet-induced obesity model in rats. Asian J Pharm Clin Res [Internet]. 2022;15(8):119–123. Available from: https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2022.v15i8.45002
Kolhe RC, Chaudhari RY. Development and evaluation of antidiabetic polyherbal tablet using medicinal plants of traditional use. Int J Curr Pharm Res [Internet]. 2023;15(2):17–21. Available from: https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2023v15i2.2095
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2024 SARTHAK A. KUTE, MADHURA S. CHOTHAVE, PRAJAKTA B. ROTE, ANUPAMA A. KAPADNIS, VAISHNAVI V. KALE
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
