ACUTE DERMAL TOXICITY OF COAL FLY ASH NANOPARTICLES IN VIVO
Keywords:
Coal fly ash nanoparticles, Dermal toxicity, HistopathologyAbstract
Objectives: To study the toxicity effects of coal fly ash nanoparticles-induced acute dermal toxicity in Wistar albino rats.
Methods: Acute dermal toxicity studies for coal fly ash nanoparticles (CFA-NPs) were conducted in Wistar albino rats. A single dose of various concentrations of CFA-NPs or vehicle was applied on the dorsal layer after shaving. Animals were observed for 14 days. Parameters like body weight, feed intake and histopathology were studied.
Results: The CFA-NPs treated rats did not show any abnormal clinical signs. The body weight was not significantly altered when compared with the control group. Treatment with CFA-NPs showed mild to severe histological changes in all organs with increase dose-related manner in concentrations of CFA-NPs treated groups. The acute dermal LD50 of CFA-NPs was found to be greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight (bw) for rats.
Conclusion: Dermal acute treatment with CFA-NPs can induce mild to significant dose-dependent histological changes in biological organs.
Â
Downloads
References
Shi H, Magaye R, Castranova V, Zhao J. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles: a review of current toxicological data. Part Fibre Toxicol 2013;10:15.
Zhuang Y, Kim YJ, Lee TG, Biswas P. Experimental and theoretical studies of ultra-fine particle behavior in electrostatic precipitators. J Electrostat 2000;48(3-4):245-60.
Suriyawong A, Gamble M, Lee MH, Axelbaum R, Biswas P. Submicrometer particle formation and mercury speciation under O2-CO2 coal combustion. Energy Fuels 2006;20(6):2357-63.
Gilmour MI, O'Connor S, Dick CAJ, Miller CA, Linak WP. Differential pulmonary inflammation and in vitro cytotoxicity of size-fractionated fly ash particles from pulverized coal combustion. J Air Waste Manage Assoc 2004;54(3):286-95.
Oberdorster G, Oberdorster E, Oberdorster J. Nanotoxicology: an emerging discipline evolving from studies of ultrafine particles. Environ Health Perspect 2005;113(7):823-39.
Xia T, Kovochich M, Nel A. The role of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in mediating particulate matter injury. Clin Occup Environ Med 2006;5(4):817-36.
Monteiro-Riviere NA, Inman AO. Challenges for assessing carbon nanomaterial toxicity to the skin. Carbon 2006;44(6):1070-8.
Ivan CB, Robbie PK. Nanomaterials and nanoparticles: sources of toxicity. Biointerphases 2007;2(4):17-71.
Donaldson K, Stone V, Tran CL, Kreyling W, Borm PJA. Nanotoxicology: a new frontier in particle toxicology relevant to both the workplace and general environment and to consumer safety. Occup Environ Med 2004;61:727-8.
Sambandam B, Palanisami E, Abbugounder R, Prakhya B, Thiyagarajan D. Characterizations of coal fly ash nanoparticles and induced in vitro toxicity in cell lines. J Nanopart Res 2014;16:2217-26.
Acute Dermal Toxicity 1987, OECD guidelines for testing of chemicals. Available from: http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/test-no-402-acute-dermal toxicity_97892 64070585-en; zjsessionid=27ckn6k0r2ekf. x-oecd-live-02.
Shvedova AA, Castranova V, Kisin ER, Schwegler-Berry D, Murray AR, Gandelsman VZ, et al. Exposure to carbon nanotube materials: assessment of nanotube cytotoxicity using human keratinocytes cells. J Toxicol Environ Health Part A 2003;66(20):1909-26.
Allen DG, Riviere JE, Monteiro-Riviere NA. Cytokine induction as a measure of cutaneous toxicity in primary and immortalized porcine keratinocytes exposed to jet fuels, and their relationship to normal human epidermal keratinocytes. Toxicol Lett 2001;119(3):209-17.
Donaldson K, Stone V. Current hypotheses on the mechanisms of toxicity of ultrafine particles. Ann Ist Super Sanita 2003;39(3):405-10.
Toll R, Jacobi U, Richter H, Lademann J, Schaefer H, Blume-Peytavi U. Penetration profile of microspheres in follicular targeting of terminal hair follicles. J Invest Dermatol 2004;123:168-76.
Tinkle SS, Antonini JM, Rich BA, Roberts JR, Salmen R, DePree K, et al. Skin as a route of exposure and sensitization in chronic beryllium disease. Environ Health Persp 2003;111(9):1202-8.