ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF PLANT BIOSURFACTANT EXTRACT FROM SAPINDUS MUKOROSSI AND IN SILICO EVALUATION OF ITS BIOACTIVITY
Keywords:
Sapindus mukorossi, Biosurfactant, Saponin, AntimicrobialAbstract
Objective: Natural biosurfactants can replace synthetic surfactants and find applications in cosmetic products. Saponin extracts from Sapindus mukorossi fruits have emulsifying properties and have traditionally been used in hair care treatments. Their utility can be enhanced by studying their antimicrobial activity against common skin and other microorganisms.
Methods: Aqueous biosurfactant extracts were prepared from fruits of S. mukorossi. Concentrated and diluted extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus, Brevibacterium linens, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens by the well diffusion method and measuring the zone of inhibition. In silico biological activity of different saponins present in S. mukorossi was studied using the software Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances (PASS).
Results: Concentrated extracts were most active against all the target microorganisms. Gram positive organisms were inhibited more than Gram negative ones. Diluted extracts produced comparable inhibition zones, suggesting that the extent of dilution does not affect the antimicrobial activity further. In silico evaluation showed that major saponin types (Sapindoside B, Sapinmusaponin A, Sapinmusaponin F and Sapinmusaponin N) had antibacterial activity with probable activity to probable inactivity (Pa>Pi) values less than the threshold level of 0.7.
Conclusion: Biosurfactant (saponin) extracts from S. mukorossi, can be included in herbal care products not only for their emulsifying properties, but also for their antimicrobial effect. While in silico study showed less than threshold level of antibacterial activity, the combination of all these saponin types together probably contributed to the synergistic antibacterial activity.
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