BIOMECHANICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL EVIDENCES FOR WOUND HEALING PROPERTIES OF INDIAN TRADITIONAL MEDICINES
Keywords:
Wound healing, Honey, Ghee, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Nerium indicumAbstract
Objective: Ayurveda, India's traditional medicinal system is a rich source of natural remedies, frequently used as home and folk medicine in wound healing due to easy availability and affordability. Honey, Ghee and roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra are effectively used in Ayurveda for treating wounds of various types. Nerium indicum (a folk medicine) is also a known healing agent. Even though the known end result of these medications is faster wound healing, the mechanism of actions at tissue level, changes in the micro-environment of the wound and quantification of the rate of healing is not explored and documented using modern scientific methods.
Methods: Healthy Wistar rats were used for incision wound model. Wounds were inflicted and the treatment plan was followed with regular topical application of test materials. The nature of healing was observed regularly and photographed. At different interval of the treatment plan-biomechanical, biochemical and histological studies were carried out. An attempt was also made to quantify the microscopic changes at the wound site.
Results: Faster healing was observed in all the animals treated with test materials. This was indicated by alterations in the nature of epithelisation, inflammatory changes, fibroblast recruitment and activity, fibrous composition and arrangement at the wound site in comparison with untreated group.
Conclusion: The present study is useful in exploring the mechanism of action of these traditional Indian medicinal systems–Ayurveda and folk medicine and thereby provides scientific evidences for the same.
Â
Downloads
References
Ayello EA. What does the wound say? Why determining etiology is essential for appropriate wound care. Advances Skin Wound Care 2005;18:98–109.
Rubin E, Fabrex JL. Repair, regeneration and fibrosis. In: Pathology. 2nd ed. J. B. Lippincott, Philadelphia; 1996. p. 7–15.
Fulzele SV, Satturwar PM, Joshi SB, Dorle AK. Wound healing activity of Hingvadya ghrita in rats. Indian Drugs 2002;39:606-9.
Prasad V, Dorle AK. Evaluation of ghee based formulation for wound healing activity. J Ethnopharmacol 2006;107:38-47.
Molan PC, Betts JA. Clinical usage of honey as a wound dressing: an update. J Wound Care 2004;13:353–6.
Molan PC. The evidence supporting the use of honey as a wound dressing. Int J Lower Extremity Wounds 2006;5:40–54.
Oloumi MM, Derakhshanfar A, Nikpoor A. Healing potential of liquorice root extract on dermal wounds in rats. J Vet Res 2007;62:47-154.
Chaitanya SK, Sarvani M, Srilakshmi S, Ashajyothi V. Wound healing herbs-a review. Int J Pharm Technol 2010;2:603-24.
Davis H. Bentley’s text book of pharmaceutics.6th edition. Balliere, Tindall and Co: London; 1956. p. 272-30.
Kokate KK, Purohit AP, Gokhale SB. Pharmacognosy. 42nd edition. Vallabh Prakashan, India; 2008. p. 13–44.
Lee KH. Studies on the mechanism of action of salicylate retardation of wound healing by aspirin. J Pharmacol Sci 1968;57:1042-3.
Neuman RE, Logan MA. The determination of hydroxyproline. J Biol Chem 1950:184:299-306.
Datta HS, Mitra SK, Patwardhan B. Wound healing activity of topical application forms based on ayurveda. J Evidence-Based Complementary Altern Med 2011;1-10. doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nep015. [Article in Press]
Bhavaprakash nighantu. Amritpal Singh, Ch1/137-139, I Ed. Chaukhambha orientalia: Varanasi; 2007. p. 27.
Molan PC. Why honey is effective as a medicine. 1. Its use in modern medicine. Bee World 1999;80:80–92.
Al-Waili NS. Clinical and mycological benefits of topical application of honey, olive oil and beeswax in diaper dermatitis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2005;11:160–3.
Subrahmanyam M. Honey-impregnated gauze versus amniotic membrane in the treatment of burns. Burns 1994;20:331-3.
Subrahmanyam M. A prospective randomised clinical and histological study of superficial burn wound healing with honey and silver sulfadiazine. Burns 1998;24:157–61.
Doillon CJ, Silver FH. Collagen-based wound dressing: effects of hyaluronic acid and fibronectin on wound healing. Biomaterials 1986;7:3-8.
Doillon CJ, Silver FH, Olson RM, Kamath CY, Berg RA. Fibroblast and epidermal cell-Type I collagen interactions: cell culture and human studies. Scanning Microsc 1988;2:985-92.
Palmieri B. Heterologous collagen in wound healing: a clinical study. Int J Tissue React 1992;14(Suppl):21-25.
Singh O, Gupta SS, Soni M, Moses S, Shukla S, Mathur RK. Collagen dressing versus conventional dressings in burn and chronic wounds: a retrospective study. J Cutaneous Aesthetic Surgery 2011;4:12-6.
Habiboallah G, Nasroallah S, Mahdi Z, Nasser MS, Massoud Z, Ehsan BN, et al. Histological evaluation of curcuma longa-ghee formulation and hyaluronic acid on gingival healing in dog. J Ethnopharmacol 2008;120:335-41.
Ross R, Benditt EP. Wound healing and collagen formation. I. Sequential changes in components of guinea pig skin wounds observed in the electron microscope. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1961;11:677-700.
Peacock EE. Wound repair. In: Wound repair. Saunders, Philadelphia; 1984. p. 38–55.
Taylor G, Lehrer MS, Jensen PJ. Involvement of follicular stem cells in forming not only the follicle but also the epidermis. Cell 2000;102:451–61.
Fuchs E. Scratching the surface of skin development. Nature 2007;445:834–42.
Ito M, Yang Z, Andl T. Wnt-dependent de novo hair follicle regeneration in adult mouse skin after wounding. Nature 2007;447:316–20.
Chuong CM. Regenerative biology: new hair from healing wounds. Nature 2007;447:265–6.
Ameri A, Rajive BB, Vaidya JG, Deokule SS, Apte K. Anti-Staphylococcal and wound healing activities of Ganoderma praelongum and Glycyrrhiza glabra formulation in mice. Int J Appl Res Nat Prod 2013;6:27-31.
Kore KJ, Kabra MP, Rachhadiya RM, Shete RV, Bawane RR, Bhusale SP. Pharmacological Investigation on the wound healing effects of glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt in rats. Int J Res Pharm Biomed Sci 2011;2:1066-72.
Kurkinen M, Vaheri A, Roberts PJ, Stenmam S. Sequential appearance of fibronectin and collagen in experimental granulation tissue. Lab Invest 1980;43:47-51.
Dey P, Chaudhuri TK. Pharmacological aspects of Nerium indicum Mill: A comprehensive review. Pharmacogn Rev 2014;8:156–62.
Singhal KG, Gupta GD. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of flowers of Nerium oleander against CCl4-induced liver injury in rats. Asian Pac J Trop Med 2012;5:677–85.
Vasanthalaxmi K, Udupa S, Udupa L. Wound healing activity of ten indigenous plants in incision and excision wound models in albino rats. Int J Sci Res 2013:2:56-8.
Shrivastava TP, Garg S, Shrivastava A, Singh MA. Wound healing activity of nerium indicum mill in high fat diet and streptozotocin treated type-2 diabetic rats. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Science Index, Pharmacol Pharma Sci 2015;2:407. Available from: http://internationalscienceindex.org/abstracts/pharmacological-and-pharmaceutical-sciences. [Last accessed on 10 Jun 2015].
Kirscher CW, Shetler MR. Collagen and mucopolysaccarides in the hypertrophic scar. Connect Tissue Res 1974;3:205-13.
Bailey AJ, Bazin S, Simms TJ, LeLeus M, Nicholetis C, Delaunay A. Characterization of the collagen of hypertrophic and normal scars. Biochim Biophys Acta 1975;405:412-21.