ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF THE INDONESIAN FERNS, NEPHROLEPIS FALCATA AND PYRROSIA LANCEOLATA
Keywords:
Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Nephrolepis falcata, Pyrosia lanceolataAbstract
Objective: The aim of this research is to evaluate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of extracts of the Indonesian ferns Nephrolepis falcata and Pyrrosia lanceolata.
Methods: Antioxidant activity was measured by using the 1,1-diphenil-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by using anti-denaturation of heat bovine serum albumin (BSA) method. Phytochemical screening was carried out by using the standard of analysis.
Results: Ethanol (EtOH) extracts of the Indonesian ferns N. falcata and P. lanceolata showed very strong and moderate antioxidant activity with antioxidant activity index (AAI) values 3.8±0.5 and 1.4±0.0, respectively. Ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and methanol (MeOH) extracts of P. lanceolata was considered to have anti-inflammatory property (percentage anti-denaturation>20%) at concentration of 1 and 10 mg/ml and becoming not active at concentration of 100 mg/ml. Only MeOH extract of N. falcata showed significant anti-inflammatory at concentration of 1 and 10 mg/ml and also becoming not active at concentration of 100 mg/ml. Phytochemical screening indicates that EtOAc extract of N. falcata contains flavonoids and terpenoids, while MeOH extract contains flavonoids, phenols and saponins. Meanwhile, terpenoids, flavonoids and phenolic type of secondary metabolites were detected from both EtOAc and MeOH extracts of P. lanceolata
Conclusion: Both Indonesian ferns N. falcata and P. lanceolata have antioxidant activity and also consider having anti-inflammatory property. These activities are predicted due to the presences of flavonoid and phenolic secondary metabolites in these ferns.
Â
Downloads
References
Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. Free radicals in biology and medicine. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 1999.
Ashley NT, Weil ZM, Nelson RJ. Inflammation: mechanisms, cost, and natural variation. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 2012;43:385-06.
Corner EM, Grisham MB. Inflammation, free radicals and antioxidants. Nutrition 1996;12:274-7.
Saso L, Valentini G, Casini ML, Grippa E, Gatto MT, Leone MG, et al. Inhibition of heat-induced denaturation of albumin by non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSIDs): pharmacological implication. Arch Pharmacal Res 2001;24:150-8.
Saso L, Silvestrini B. Antidenaturant drugs for cataract and other condensation diseases. Med Hypotheses 2001;56:114-20.
Komala I, Ito T, Yagi Y, Nagashima F, Asakawa Y. Volatile components of selected liverworts and cytotoxic, radical scavenging and antimicrobial activities of their crude extracts. Nat Prod Commun 2010;5:1375-80.
Komala I, Ito T, Nagashima F, Yagi Y, Asakawa Y. Cytotoxic, radical scavenging and antimicrobial activities of sesquiterpenoids from the Tahitian liverwort Mastigophora diclados (Brid.) Nees (Mastigophoraceae). J Nat Med 2010;64:417-22.
Komala I, Ito T, Nagashima F, Yagi Y, Asakawa Y. Cytotoxic bibenzyls, and germacrene-and pinguisane-type sesquiterpenoids from Indonesian, Tahitian and Japanese Liverwort. Nat Prod Commun 2011;6:303-9.
Benjamin A, Manickam VS. Medicinal pteridophytes from the western Ghats. Indian J Traditional Knowledge 2007;6:611-8.
Chyau CC, Tsai SY, Ko PT, Mau JL. Antioxidant properties of solvent extracts from Terminalia catappa leaves. Food Chem 2002;78:483-8.
Scherer R, Godoy HT. Antioxidant activity index (AAI) by the 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl method. Food Chem 2009;112:654-8.
Williams LAD, Connar AO, Latore L, Dennis O, Ringer S, Whittaker JA, et al. The in vitro anti-denaturation effects induced by natural products and non-steroidal compounds in heat-treated (Immunogenic) Bovine serum albumin is proposed as a screening assay for the detection of anti-inflammatory compounds, without the use of Animals, in the early stages of the drug discovery process. West Indian Med J 2008;57:327-31.
Raaman N. Phytochemical techniques. India: New India Publishing Agency; 2006.
Fransworth NR. Biological and phytochemical screening of plants. J Pharm Sci 1966;55:225-76.
Grant NH, Alburn HE, Kryzanauskas C. Stabilization of serum albumin by anti-inflammatory drugs. Biochem Pharmacol 1970;19:715-22.
Bito R, Hino S, Baba A, Tanaka M, Watabe H, Kawabata H. Degradation of oxidative stress-induced denatured albumin in rat liver endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2005;289:C531-42.
Richardson P. C-glycosyl xanthones in the fern genera Davalia, Humata and Nephrolepis. Phytochemistry 1983;22:309-11.
Siems K, Weight F, wollenweber E. Drimanes from the epicuticular wax of the fern Nephrolepis biserrata. Phytochemistry 1996;41:1119-2.
Wang N, Wang JH, Li X, Ling JH, Li N Flavonoids from Pyrrosia petiolosa (Christ) Ching. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2006;8:753-6.
Yamashita H, Masuda K, Kobayashi T, Ageta H, Shiojima K. Dammarane triterpenoids from the rhizome of Pyrrosia lingua. Phytochemistry 1998;49:2461-6.
Yang C, Shi JG, Mo SY, Yang YC. Chemical constituents of Pyrrosia petiolosa. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2003;5:143-50.
Hsu CY. Antioxidant activity of Pyrrosia petiolosa. Fitoterapia 2008;79:64-6.
Markham KR, Andersen OM. Kaempferol 3-0-sophoroside-7-O-α-L-arabinofuranoside neohesperidose and other flavonoids from the fern pyrrosia serpens. Phytochemistry 1990; 29:3919-20.
Garcıa-Lafuente A, Guillamon E, Villares A, Rostagno MA, Martınez JA. Flavonoids as anti-inflammatory agents: implications in cancer and cardiovascular. Inflammation Res 2009;58:537-52.
Li W, Sun YN, Yan XT, Yang SY, Kim S, Chae D, et al. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of phenolic compounds from Desmodium caudatum leaves and stems. Arch Pharm Res 2014;37:721-7