THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF LICHEN PARMELIA PERLATA AGAINST DUAL DRUG-RESISTANT HELICOBACTER PYLORI ISOLATES
Keywords:
Helicobacter pylori, Parmelia perlata, Dual-drug resistanceAbstract
Objective: H. pylori have acquired resistance to the commonly used antibiotics due to their use in many anaerobic and parasitic infections leading to treatment failure of various gastroduodenal diseases associated with H. pylori infection. Our aim was to test the efficacy of Parmelia perlata which is traditionally used for the treatment of dysentery, diarrhea, and dyspepsia against antibiotic resistant gastric pathogen H. pylori.
Methods: The antimicrobial activity of an ethanolic and methanolic extract of P. perlata against drug-resistant H. pylori isolates from North India in vitro was carried out by determining the Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) using disk diffusion method and microdilution method.
Results: Two H. pylori isolates were included in this study. One was resistant to both metronidazole (MIC of 64 µg/ml) and clarithromycin (MIC of 4 µg/ml) and another one was resistant to metronidazole only having a MIC of 64 µg/ml. Methanolic and ethanolic extract of P. perlata showed its effectiveness in inhibiting drug resistant H. pylori isolates with maximum inhibition at 500 × 103 µg/ml concentration of P. perlata.
Conclusion: Prevalence of metronidazole resistant ranges between 50–90% in developing countries including India with the emergence of dual-drug resistance was reported in many studies. This study suggests that P. perlata used commonly as a spice in food has a potential for the treatment of drug-resistant H. pylori infection in a safe and effective manner.
Â
Downloads
References
Correa P. Human gastric carcinogenesis, a multistep and multifactorial process-first American cancer society award lecture on cancer epidemiology and prevention. Cancer Res 1992;52:6735-40.
NIH consensus conference. Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease. NIH consensus development panel on Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease. JAMA 1994;272:65-9.
Parsonnet J. Helicobacter and gastric adenocarcinoma. In: Parsonnet J. editor. Microbes and Malignancy. Infection as a cause of Human cancers. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1999.
Toracchio S, Cellini L, Di Campli E, Cappello G, Malatesta MG, Ferri A, et al. Role of antimicrobial susceptibility testing on efficacy of triple therapy in Helicobacter pylori eradication. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2000;14:1639-43.
Bytzer P, O’ Morain C. Treatment of Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter 2005;10:40-6.
Cameron EA, Powell KU, Baldwin L, Jones P, Bell GD. Helicobacter pylori: antibiotic resistance and eradication rates in Suffolk, UK, 1991-2001. J Med Microbiol 2004;53:535-8.
Datta S, Chattopadhyay S, Patra R, De R, Ramamurthy T, Hembram J, et al. Most Helicobacter pylori strains of Kolkatta in India are resistant to metronidazole but susceptible to other drugs commonly used for eradication and ulcer therapy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005;22:51-7.
Das R, Gehlot V, Mahant S, Mukhopadhyay AK, Das K. High prevalence of single, dual, and multidrug-resistant Helicobacter pylori infection in India. Helicobacter 2015;20(Suppl 1):P03.18.
Miyazi H, Azuma T, Ito S, Suto H, Ito Y, Yamazaki Y. Susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori isolates to metronidazole, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin in vitro and in clinical treatment in Japan. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1997;11:1131-6.
Megraud F. Antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori infection. Br Med Bull 1998;54:207-16.
Xia HX, Keane CT, O’ Morain CAA. 5 y survey of metronidazole and clarithromycin resistance in clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori. Gut 1996;39 Suppl 2):A67.
Karagoz A, Dogruoz N, Zeybek Z, Aslan A. Antibacterial activity of some lichen extracts. J Med Plants Res 2009;3:1034-9.
Kosanić M, Ranković B. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of different lichens extracts and lichen acid. Res J Biotechnol 2011;6:23-6.
Kiritikar KR, Basu BD. Indian medicinal plants. Ed 3. Lalit Mohan Basu MB. Allahabad; 1996. p. 2757.
Hussain M, Raza SM, Farooq U, Bakhsh H, Majeed A, Aziz A. In vitro antimicrobial potential of Lichen (Parmelia perlata) against different pathogenic microbes. Int J Pharm Sci 2014;4:666-70.
Sharma AK, Sharma MC, Dhobal MP. Phytochemical investigation of therapeutic important lichen: Parmelia perlata. J Nat Prod Plant Resour 2012;2:101-6.
Mitrović T, Stamenković S, Cvetković V, Tošić S, Stanković M, Radojević I, et al. Antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities of five lichen species. Int J Mol Sci 2011;12:5428-8.
Andrews JM. BSAC working party on susceptibility testing. BSAC standardized disc susceptibility testing method. J Antimicrob Chemother 2005;56:60-76.
Wayne DB, McGaghie WC. Use of simulation-based medical education to improve patient care quality. Resuscitation 2010;81:1455-6.
EUCAST. Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and Zone Diameters. Version 3.1; 2013.
Thyagarajan SP, Ray P, Das BK. The geographical difference in antimicrobial resistance pattern of Helicobacter pylori clinical isolates from Indian patients: a multicentric study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003;18:1373-8.
Singh V, Mishra S, Maurya P, Rao G, Jain AK, Dixit VK, et al. Drug resistance pattern and clonality in H. pylori strains. J Infect Dev Countries 2009;3:130-6.
Pandya HB, Agravat HH, Patel JS, Sodagar NRK. Emerging antimicrobial resistance pattern of Helicobacter pylori in central Gujarat. Indian J Med Microbiol 2014;32:408-13.
Wu H, Shi XD, Wang HT, Liu JX. The resistance of Helicobacter pylori to metronidazole, tetracycline and amoxycillin. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000;46:121–3.
Nahar S, Mukhopadhyay AK, Khan R, Ahmad MM, Dutta S, Chattopadhyay S, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from Bangladesh. J Clin Microbiol 2004;42:4856-8.
De R, Kundu P, Swarnakar S, Ramamurthy T, Chowdhury A, Nair GB, et al. Antimicrobial activity of curcumin against Helicobacter pylori isolates from India and during infections in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009;53:1592-7.
Mehrotra S, Jamwal R, Shyam R, Meena DK, Mishra K, Patra R, et al. Anti-Helicobacter pylori and antioxidant properties of Emblica officinalis pulp extract: a potential source for therapeutic use against gastric ulcer. J Med Plants Res 2011;5:2577-83.
Chanda S, Gehlot V, Das R, Mahant S, Das K, Singh K, et al. Antimicrobial activity of herbal extract against drug-resistant Helicobacter pylori isolates from India. World J Pharm Res 2014;3:1234-43.
Tippeswamy B, Sushma NR, Naveen Kumar KJ. Evaluation of antimicrobial property of lichen Parmelia perlata. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol 2013;7:1242-50.
Gulluce M, Aslan A, Sokeman M, Sahin F, Adiguzel A, Agar G, et al. Screening the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the lichens Parmelia saxatilis, Platismatia glauca, Ramalina pollinaria, Ramalina polymorpha and Umbilica rianylanderiana. Phytomedicine 2006;13:515-21.
Ameenah GF. Medicinal plants: the tradition of yesterday and drugs of tomorrow. Mol Asp Med 2006;27:1-93.
Shanmugam S, Rajendran K, Suresh K. Traditional uses of medicinal plants among the rural people in Sivagangai district of Tamil Nadu, Southern India. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012;2:S429-S434.