EXTRACTION OF FLAVONOIDS FROM BUCHANANIA LANZAN SPRENG. SEEDS BY SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION AND DETERMINATION OF THEIR ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY
Keywords:
Supercritical fluid extraction, Buchanania lanzan Spreng, Flavonoids, AntioxidantAbstract
Objective: The purpose of the study is to optimize supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) conditions for the flavonoids from the seeds of Buchanania lanzan Spreng. followed by quantitative determination of the antioxidant ability of the supercritical fluid (SCF) extract.
Methods: The conditions optimized for supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) were temperature, pressure, carbon dioxide (CO2) flow rate and co-solvent percentage. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used to determine the flavonoid content at each condition for optimization. Chromatographic conditions were mobile phase–Methanol: Acetonitrile: Orthophosphoric acid: Acetic acid: Water (200:100:10:10:200 v/v), flow rate–1 ml/min, column–Kromasil C18, 250 x 4.6 mm and detection was done in PDA range. Quantitative estimation of polyphenols was done spectrophotometrically. In vitro antioxidant ability of the extract was checked using free radical scavenging activity by 1, 1–Diphenyl–2–picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and ferric reducing power (FRAP) assay.
Results: The optimum supercritical fluid extraction conditions were temperature 35 °C, pressure 19.61 MPa, carbon dioxide flow rate 3 ml/min and co-solvent 5.66 %. The extraction yield obtained was 20.50±0.47 %. The polyphenolic content was 52.14±0.7 mg Gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g extract. EC50 value for free radical scavenging activity was 124.58±1.6 µg/ml, and ferric reducing capacity was 456.06±5.61 µg/ml.
Conclusion: Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) technique could be used as an alternative technique for obtaining the maximum yield of flavonoids from the seeds of Buchanania lanzan. The results showed that the supercritical fluid (SCF) extracts exhibited good antioxidant activity which could be due to the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids
Â
Downloads
References
Perez-Bonilla M, Salido S, van Beek TA, Linares-Palomino PJ, Altarejos J, Nogueras M, et al. Isolation and identification of radical scavengers in olive tree (Olea europea) wood. J Chromatogr A 2006;1112:311–8.
Pinheiro PF, Justino GC. Structural analysis of flavonoids and related compounds-A review of spectroscopic applications. In: Rao V. Phytochemicals-A global perspective of their role in nutrition and health. InTech; 2012.
Saxena M, Saxena J, Pradhan A. Flavonoids and phenolic acids as antioxidants in plants and human health. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 2012;16:130–4.
Patra K, Pareta S, Harwansh R, Kumar KJ. Antioxidant activity of Buchanania lanzan Spreng. F: Anacardiaceae. Pharmacoglycoline 2011;1:733–9.
Sushma N, Venkata SP, Venu Gopal Y, Vinay R, Reddy NS, Murali M, et al. Antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of Buchanania lanzan Spreng. methanol leaf extract in Streptozotochin-induced types I and II diabetic rats. Trop J Pharm Res 2013;12:221–6.
Jain R, Jain SK. Effect of Buchanania lanzan Spreng. bark extract on cyclophosphamide-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice. Asian Pac J Trop Med 2012;5:71–7.
Achuthan CR, Jose P. Hypolipidemic effect of Alpinia galangal (Rasna) and Buchanania lanzan (Kachoori). Indian J Clin Biochem 1997;12:55–8.
Sharma A. Scientific harvesting for quality seed collection of Buchanania lanzan Spreng for its conservation and sustainable management–case study of Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh, India. Int J Bio-Sci Bio-Technol 2012;4:65–74.
Mehta SK, Mukherjee S. Jaiprakash B. Preliminary phytochemical investigation on leaves of Buchanania lanzan (chironji). Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 2013;3:55–9.
Sengupta A, Roychoudhury SK. Triglyceride composition of Buchanania lanzan seed oil. J Sci Food Agric 1977;28:463–8.
Warokar AS, Ghante MH, Duragkar NJ, Bhusari KP. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of Buchanania lanzan kernel. Indian J Pharm Edu Res 2010;44:363–8.
Bimakr M, Rahman RA, Taip FS, Chuan LT, Ganjloo A, Salleh L, et al. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction of catechin, epicatechin, rutin and luteolin from spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) leaves. World Appl Sci J 2008;5:410–7.
Liza MS, Rahman RA, Mandana B, Jinap S, Rahmat A, Zaidul ISM, et al. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of bioactive flavonoid from Strobilanthes crispus (Pecah Kaca). Food Bioprod Process 2010;88:319–26.
Venkatachallam SKT, Pattekhan H, Divakar S, Kadami US. The chemical composition of Nigella sativa L. seed extracts obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide. J Food Sci Technol 2010;47:598–605.
Radcliffe C, Maguire K, Lockwood B. Applications of supercritical fluid extraction and chromatography in forensic science. J Biochem Biophys Methods 2000;43:261–72.
Ying Z, Shufen LI, Xiwen WU, Xing Z. Macroporous resin adsorption for purification of flavonoids in Houyttuynia cordata Thunb. Chin J Chem Eng 2007;15:872–6.
Turner C, King JW, Mathiasson L. Supercritical fluid extraction and chromatography for fat-soluble vitamin analysis. J Chromatogr A 2001;936:215–37.
Takashi Y. Development of environmental analysis methods using supercritical fluid extraction and supercritical fluid chromatography. Chromatography 2008;29:19–23.
Salleh LM, Rahman RA, Selamat J, Hamid A, Islam Sarker MZ. Optimization of extraction condition for supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction of Strobilanthes crispus (Pecah Kaca) leaves by response surface methodology. J Food Process Technol 2013;4:1–6.
Koul VK, Koul S, Tikoo CL. Process optimization for extraction purification of Bixin from Annatto. Indian J Chem Technol 2003;10:545–7.
Wang L, Weller CL. Recent advances in extraction of nutraceuticals from plants. Trends Food Sci Technol 2006;17:300–12.
Chen X, Xiao J. Determination of flavonoids: separation of quercetin, luteolin and apigenin in Marchantia convoluta. Iran J Pharm Res 2005;3:175–81.
Khandelwal K. Practical Pharmacognosy. Pune (India): Nirali Prakashan; 2008.
Malla MY, Sharma M, Saxena RC, Mir MI, Mir AH, Bhat SH. Phytochemical screening and spectroscopic determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Eclipta alba Linn. Iran J Pharm Res 2013;3:86–91.
Kedare SB, Singh RP. Genesis and development of DPPH method of antioxidant assay. J Food Sci Technol 2011;48:412–22.
Rahman M, Imran T, Islam S. Antioxidative, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of the phenolics of Leea indica leaf extract. Saudi J Biol Sci 2013;20:213–25.
Bimakr M, Rahman RA, Ganjloo A, Taip FS, Salleh L, Sarker ZI. Optimization of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of bioactive flavonoid compounds from spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) leaves by using response surface methodology. Food Bioprocess Technol 2012;5:912–20.
Reverchon E, Daghero J, Marrone C, Mattea M, Poletto M. Supercritical fractional extraction of fennel seed oil and essential oil: experiments and mathematical modelling. Ind Eng Chem Res 1999;38:3069–75.
De Castro MDL, Variance M, Tena MT. Analytical supercritical fluid extraction. 1st ed. Germany: Springer-Verlag; 1999.
Elkanzi EM, Singh H. Extraction of used lubricating oils with supercritical carbon dioxide. Arabian J Sci Eng 2001;26:11–23.
Mira B, Blasco M, Berna A, Subirats S. Supercritical CO2 extraction of essential oil from orange peel. Effect of operation conditions on the extract composition. J Supercrit Fluids 1999;14:95–104.
Castro L, Tena M. Strategies for supercritical fluid extraction of polar and ionic compounds. Trends Anal Chem 1996;15:32–7.
Almey AA, Khan AJ, Zahir SI, Sulemain MK, Aisyah MR, Rahim KK. Total phenolic content and primary antioxidant activity of methanolic and ethanolic extracts of aromatic plants leave. Int Food Res J 2010;17:1077–84.
Kiss AK, Naruszewicz M. Polyphenolic compounds characterization and reactive nitrogen species scavenging capacity of Oenothera paradoxa defatted seed extracts. Food Chem 2012;131:485–92.
Saklani S, Mishra AP, Rawat A, Chandra S. Free radical scavenging (DPPH) and ferric reducing ability (FRAP) of Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall) Parker. Int J Drug Dev Res 2011;3:271–4.
Beyhan O, Elmastas M, Gedikli F. Total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of leaf, dry fruit and fresh fruit of feijoa (Acca sellowiana, Myrtaceae). J Med Plants Res 2010;4:1065–72.