EFFECT OF SILVER NANOPARTICLE-MEDIATED WOUND THERAPY ON BIOCHEMICAL, HEMATOLOGICAL, AND HISTOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i3.23531Keywords:
Nanoparticle synthesis, Characterization, Wound healing activity, Hematology, Histology, Liver and kidney function testAbstract
 Objective: Green synthesis of nanoparticles has been used as an alternative, efficient, less expensive, and ecofriendly method. Ancient approaches employed for nanoparticle fabrication were chemical and physical methods having various disadvantages as they are costly and potentially harmful to the environment, use of harsh chemicals and stringent protocol for synthesizing nanoparticles. The present study is focused on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by bio-availed as well as chemical route and evaluation of their wound healing potential in Wistar rat model.
Methods: Extraction of Syzygium cumini was done and was used for silver nanoparticle synthesis. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, which confirms the availability of nanosilver particles with marginally spherical morphology. The particles were then carried forward for treating impaired diabetic wounds in Wistar rat models. Regular photography was done and wound healing parameters were monitored throughout the study along with analyzing other parameters such as biochemical, hematological, and histological parameters.
Results: The study showed that the sizes of the synthesized nanoparticles are below 100 nm. The results obtained from in vivo studies showed efficient wound healing potential of silver nanoparticles as compared to pre-existing drug povidone-iodine, i.e., the percentage reduction in wound area after therapy is 96.09% in case of biosynthesized silver nanoparticle-treated group, 97.7% reduction in chemically synthesized silver nanoparticle-treated group, 64.28% reduction in case of pre-existing drug povidone-iodine-treated group, 37.5% reduction in case of diabetic control group (diabetic), and 97.5% reduction in normal control group (non-diabetic). Results showed that biosynthesized silver nanoparticles showed less toxicity with respect to liver and kidney functions. Skin histology results showed increased sign of wound healing in biosynthesized silver nanoparticles. Hematology results showed no such variation.
Conclusion: The study will help to synthesize new economically viable potential biosynthesized nanoparticles along with providing the approach to develop the medication at nanoscale level.
Downloads
References
Aithal PS. Nanotechnology innovations and business opportunities: A review. Int J Manag IT Eng 2016;6:182-204.
Raj S, Jose S, Sumod US, Sabitha M. Nanotechnology in cosmetics: Opportunities and challenges. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2012;4:186-93.
Gajbhiye S, Sakharwade S. Silver nanoparticles in cosmetics. J Cosmet Dermatol Sci Appl 2016;6:48-53.
Schmidt CW. Nanotechnology-related environment, health, and safety research: Examining the national strategy. Environ Health Perspect 2009;117:A158-61.
Alanazi FK, Radwan AA, Alsarra IA. Biopharmaceutical applications of nanogold. Saudi Pharm J 2010;18:179-93.
Brandl F, Bertrand N, Lima EM, Langer R. Nanoparticles with photoinduced precipitation for the extraction of pollutants from water and soil. Nat Commun 2015;6:7765.
Tran QH, Nguyen VQ, Anh-Tuan L. Ag nanoparticles: Synthesis, properties, toxicology, applications and perspectives. Adv Nat Sci Nanosci Nanotechnol 2013;4:033001.
Velusamy P, Kumar GV, Jeyanthi V, Das J, Pachaiappan R. Bio-inspired green nanoparticles: Synthesis, mechanism, and antibacterial application. Toxicol Res 2016;32:95-102.
Iravani S, Korbekandi H, Mirmohammadi SV, Zolfaghari B. Synthesis of Ag nanoparticles: Chemical, physical and biological methods. Res Pharm Sci 2014;9:385-406.
Banerjee S, Loza K, Meyer-Zaika W, Prymak O, Epple M. Structural evolution of Ag nanoparticles during wet-chemical synthesis. Chem Mater 2014;26:951-7.
Rauwel P, Rauwel E, Ferdov S, Singh MP. Ag nanoparticles: Synthesis, properties, and applications. Adv Mater Sci Eng 2015;682749:9
Umer A, Naveed S, Muhammad NR, Rafique S. Selection of a suitable method for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles. NANO 2012;7:18.
Naseri N, Valizadeh H, Zakeri-Milani P. Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers: Structure, preparation and application. Adv Pharm Bull 2015;5:305-13.
Jo JH, Singh P, Kim YJ, Wang C, Mathiyalagan R, Jin CG, et al. Pseudomonas deceptionensis DC5-mediated synthesis of extracellular Ag nanoparticles. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2015;44:1576-81.
Malik P, Shankar R, Malik V, Sharma N, Mukherjee T. Green chemistry based benign routes for nanoparticle synthesis. J Nanopart 2014;27:14.
Imran Din M, Rani A. Recent advances in the synthesis and stabilization of nickel and nickel oxide nanoparticles: A Green adeptness. Int J Anal Chem 2016;2016:3512145.
Simonin M, Richaume A. Impact of engineered nanoparticles on the activity, abundance, and diversity of soil microbial communities: A review. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015;22:13710-23.
Poulose S, Panda T, Nair PP, Theodore TT. Biosynthesis of Ag nanoparticles. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2014;14:2038-49.
Athira R, Nisha AP, Kumuthakalavalli R. Mycosynthesis of silver nanoparticles: Characterization, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity from Pleurotus florida (Mont) Singer: A macro fungi. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2017;10:186-91.
Kumar CM, Yugandhar P, Savithramma N. Biological synthesis of Ag nanoparticles from Adansonia digitata L. fruit pulp extract, characterization, and its antimicrobial properties. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol 2016;5:79-85.
Azizi S, Namvar F, Mahdavi M, Ahmad MB, Mohamad R. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using brown marine macroalga, Sargassum muticum aqueous extract. Materials (Basel) 2013;6:5942-50.
Singh P, Kim YJ, Singh H, Wang C, Hwang KH, Farh ME, et al. Biosynthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial applications of Ag nanoparticles. Int J Nanomed 2015;10:2567-77.
Gurunathan S, Jeong JK, Han JW, Xi FZ, Park JH, Kim JH. Multidimensional effects of biologically synthesized Ag nanoparticles in Helicobacter pylori, Helicobacter felis, and human lung (L132) and lung carcinoma A549 cells. Nanoscale Res Lett 2015;10:35.
Ghaffari-Moghaddam M, Hadi-Dabanlou R, Khajeh M, Rakhshanipour M, Shameli K. Green synthesis of Ag nanoparticles using plant extracts. Korean J Chem Eng 2014;31:548-57.
Rao PV, Nallappan D, Madhavi K, Rahman S, Jun Wei L, Gan SH, et al. Phytochemicals and biogenic metallic nanoparticles as anticancer agents. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016;2016:3685671.
Wang C, Mathiyalagan R, Kim YJ, Castro-Aceituno V, Singh P, Ahn S, et al. Rapid green synthesis of Ag and gold nanoparticles using Dendropanax morbifera leaf extract and their anticancer activities. Int J Nanomed 2016;11:3691-701.
Ghosh S, Nitnavare R, Dewle A, Tomar GB, Chippalkatti R, More P, et al. Novel platinum–palladium bimetallic nanoparticles synthesized by Dioscorea bulbifera: Anticancer and antioxidant activities. Int J Nanomed 2015;10:7477-90.
Banerjee P, Satapathy M, Mukhopahayay A, Das P. Leaf extract mediated green synthesis of Ag nanoparticles from widely available Indian plants: Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial property and toxicity analysis. Bioresour Bioprocess 2014;1:3.
Noruzi M. Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using plant extracts. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015;38:1-4.
Niska K, Knap N, Kędzia A, Jaskiewicz M, Kamysz W, Inkielewicz- Stepniak I. Capping agent-dependent toxicity and antimicrobial activity of Ag nanoparticles: An in vitro study. Concerns about potential application in dental practice. Int J Med Sci 2016;13:772-82.
Parlinska-Wojtan M, Kus-Liskiewicz M, Depciuch J, Sadik O. Green synthesis and antibacterial effects of aqueous colloidal solutions of silver nanoparticles using camomile terpenoids as a combined reducing and capping agent. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016;39:1213-23.
Chung M, Inmyoung P, Kim SH, Thiruvengadam M, Govindasamy R. Plant-mediated synthesis of Ag nanoparticles: Their characteristic properties and therapeutic applications. Nanoscale Res Lett 2014;11:40.
Reddy NJ, Vali DN, Rani M, Rani S. Evaluation of antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic effects of green synthesized Ag nanoparticles by Piper longum fruit. Mater Sci Eng C 2014;34:115-122.
Naghdi M, Taheran M, Brar SK, Verma M, Surampalli RY, Valero JR, et al. Green and energy-efficient methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2015;6:2354-76.
Singh R, Nawale L, Arkile M, Wadhwani S, Shedbalkar U, Chopade S, et al. Phytogenic Ag, gold, and bimetallic nanoparticles as novel antitubercular agents. Int J Nanomed 2016;11:1889-97.
Lahra MM. Surveillance of antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the WHO western pacific and South East Asian regions. Commun Dis Intell Q Rep 2010;36:95-100.
Ventola CL. The antibiotic resistance crisis: Part 2: Management strategies and new agents. P T 2015;40:344-52.
Davies J, Davies D. Origins and evolution of antibiotic resistance. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2010;74:417-33.
Roca I, Akova M, Baquero F, Carlet J, Cavaleri M, Coenen S, et al. The global threat of antimicrobial resistance: Science for intervention. New Microbes New Infect 2015;6:22-29.
Lin J, Nishino K, Roberts MC, Tolmasky M, Aminov RI, Zhang L, et al. Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Front Microbiol 2015;6:34.
David MZ, Mennella C, Mansour M, Boyle-Vavra S, Daum RS. Predominance of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among pathogens causing skin and soft tissue infections in a large urban jail: Risk factors and recurrence rates. J Clin Microbiol 2008;46:3222-7.
Surana YS, Ashok P, Rajendran R. Evaluation Of antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activity Of polyherbal formulation in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetes in rats. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2017;9:105-10.
Saad EA, Habib SA, Refai WA, Elfayoumy AA. Malondialdehyde, adiponectin, nitric oxide, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and insulin resistance relationships and interrelationships in Type 2 diabetes early stage. Is metformin alone adequate in this stage? Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2017;9:176-81.
Frykberg RG, Banks J. Challenges in the treatment of chronic wounds. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2015;4:560-82.
Hurlow J, Couch K, Laforet K, Bolton L, Metcalf D, Bowler P, et al. Clinical biofilms: A Challenging frontier in wound care. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2015;4:295-301.
Rowan MP, Cancio LC, Elster EA, Burmeister DM, Rose LF, Natesan S, et al. Burn wound healing and treatment: Review and advancements. Crit Care 2015;19:243.
Tuttle MS. Association between microbial bioburden and healing outcomes in venous leg ulcers: A Review of the evidence. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2015;4:1-1.
Ahmed S, Saifullah, Ahmad M, Swami BL, Ikram S. Green synthesis of Ag nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica aqueous leaf extract. J Radiat Res Appl Sci 2016;9:1-7.
Senguttuvan J, Paulsamy S, Karthika K. Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of leaf and root parts of the medicinal herb, Hypochaeris radicata L. For in vitro antioxidant activities. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014;4:S359-67.
Joseph BS, Kumbhare PH, Kale MC. Preliminary phytochemical screening of selected medicinal plants. Int Res J Sci Eng 2013;1:55-62.
Jaradat N, Hussen F, Anas AA. Preliminary phytochemical screening, quantitative estimation of total flavonoids, total phenols and antioxidant activity of Ephedra alata. Decne. J Mater Environ Sci 2015;6:1771-8.
Bag G, Devi PG, Bhaigyabati TH. Assessment of total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of methanolic rhizome extract of three Hedychium species of Manipur valley. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 2015;30:154-9.
Skerget M, Kotnik P, Hadolin M, Hras AR, Simonic M, Knez Z. Phenols, proanthocyanidins, flavones and flavonols in some plant materials and their antioxidant activities. Food Chem 2015;89:191-8.
Shrivastava V, Chauhan PS, Tomar RS. A biomimetic approach for synthesis of Ag nanoparticles using Murraya paniculata Leaf extract with reference to antimicrobial activity. J Pharm Sci Res 2016;8:247-50.
Heera P, Shanmugam S. Nanoparticle characterization and application: An overview. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci 2015;4:379-86.
King AJ. The use of animal models in diabetes research. Br J Pharma 2012;166:877-94.
Furman BL. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic models in mice and rats. Curr Protoc Pharmacol 2015;70:5.47.1-20.
Shah AJ, Wollak C, Shah JB. Wound measurement techniques: Comparing the use of ruler method, 2D imaging and 3D scanner. J Am Coll Clin Wound Spec 2013;5:52-7.
Durán N, Nakazato G, Seabra AB. Antimicrobial activity of biogenic Ag nanoparticles, and Ag chloride nanoparticles: An overview and comments. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016;100:6555-70.
Bhatia D, Mittal A, Malik DK. Antimicrobial activity of PVP coated Ag nanoparticles synthesized by Lysinibacillus varians. Biotechnology 2016;6:196.
Kiani FA, Kachiwal AB, Shah MG, Khan MS, Lochi GM, Manan A, et al. Histological characterization of wound healing of flank verses midline ovariohysterectomy in different age groups of cats. J Clin Pathol Forensic Med 2014;5:6-16.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
The publication is licensed under CC By and is open access. Copyright is with author and allowed to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
