CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM VITEX AGNUS-CASTUS L. GROWING IN MOROCCO AND ITS IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST CLINICAL BACTERIA RESPONSIBLE FOR NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS

Fatima El Kamari; Amal Taroq; Yassine El Atki; Imane Aouam; Badiaa Lyoussi; Abdelfattah Abdellaoui

doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i10.27307

Authors

Fatima El Kamari Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Environmental Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Dhar Mehraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, B.P. 1796, Atlas, Fez, Morocco.
Amal Taroq Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Environmental Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Dhar Mehraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, B.P. 1796, Atlas, Fez, Morocco.
Yassine El Atki Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Environmental Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Dhar Mehraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, B.P. 1796, Atlas, Fez, Morocco.
Imane Aouam Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Environmental Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Dhar Mehraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, B.P. 1796, Atlas, Fez, Morocco.
Badiaa Lyoussi Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Environmental Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Dhar Mehraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, B.P. 1796, Atlas, Fez, Morocco.
Abdelfattah Abdellaoui Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Environmental Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Dhar Mehraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, B.P. 1796, Atlas, Fez, Morocco.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i10.27307

Keywords:

Vitex agnus-castus L, Essential oil, Nosocomial infections, Antibacterial activity, 1, 8 Cineole

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the current study is to determine the chemical composition and evaluate antibacterial activity of Vitex agnus-castus L. (VAC) essential oils against some bacteria causing nosocomial infections in the neonatal and intensive care rooms at the university hospital center of Fez Morocco.

Methods: The phytochemical screening of essential oils was determined using gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry analysis. The antibacterial test was evaluated against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacteria species (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis) using disc diffusion method.

Results: Twenty-nine components were identified in the fruits' oil representing 93.1% of total oil. The major components in the fruits oil are 1,8-cineole (11.6%), Î±-thujene (9.3%), phyllocladene (8.2%), Î±-pinene (7.9%), caryophyllene (5.9%), and cubenol (5%). Furthermore, 28 components were identified in the leaf essential oil. The main component was caryophyllene (9.5%), followed by 1,8-cineole (8.7%), manoyl oxide (7.3%), eugenyl acetate (7.1%), phyllocladene (6.8%), and Î±-pinene (5.2%). Antibacterial activity of both oils showed a strong activity against nosocomial bacteria tested.

Conclusion: Essential oils of Moroccan VAC could be exploited as natural drugs for bacteria, especially those who have acquired resistance to conventional antibiotics.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Fatima El Kamari, Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Environmental Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Dhar Mehraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, B.P. 1796, Atlas, Fez, Morocco.

¹Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Environmental Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Dhar Mehraz

References

Helder OK. Prevention of Nosocomial Bloodstream Infections in Preterm Infants. Rotterdam: Erasmus Univercity Rotterdam; 2013.

Maoulainine FM, Elidrissi NS, Chkil G, Abba F, Soraa N, Chabaa L, et al. Ã‰pidÃ©miologie de lâ€™infection nosocomiale bactÃ©rienne dans un service de rÃ©animation nÃ©onatale marocain. Arch PÃ©diatr 2014;21:938 43.

Moharram BA, Al-mahbashi HM, Saif-ali R, Aqlan FA. phytochemical, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cytotoxic and antibacterial study of Capparis cartilaginea decne from yemen. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2018;10:38-44.

Tawfeeq AA, Mahdi MF, Abaas IS, Alwan A. Isolation,quantification, and identification of rosmarinic acid, gas chromatograph y-mass spectrometry analysis of essential oil, cytotoxic effect, and antimicrobial investigation of Rosmarinus officinalis leaves. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2018;11:126-32.

Costa GM, Endo EH, AparÃcio D, Cortez G, Ueda-Nakamura T, Nakamura CV, et al. Effect of plant extracts on planktonic growth and biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci 2015;4:908-17.

Piccinelli AC, Aquino DF, Morato PN, Kuraoka-Oliveira AM, Strapasson RL, Santos EP, et al. Anti-inflammatory and antihyperalgesic activities of ethanolic extract and fruticulin a from Salvia lachnostachys leaves in mice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2014;2014:835914.

Ono M, Yamasaki T, Konoshita M, Ikeda T, Okawa M, Kinjo J, et al. Five new diterpenoids, viteagnusins Aâ€”E, from the fruit of Vitex agnus-castus. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2008;56:1621-4.

Bellakhdar J. La PharmacopeÌe Marocaine Traditionnelle : MeÌdecine Arabe Ancienne et Savoirs Populaires. Paris: Ibis Press; 1997.

Costa MR, Ribeiro CG, Santos-Filho SD, Neves RF, Fonseca AS, Bernardo-Filho M, et al. An aqueous extract of Vitex agnus castus alters the labeling of blood constituents with technetium-99m. Braz Arch Biol Technol 2007;50:183-88.

Azarnia M, Ejtemaei-Mehr S, Shakoor A, Ansari A. Effects of Vitex agnus castus on mice fetus development. Acta Med Iran 2007;45:263 70.

Carmichael AR. Can Vitex agnus castus be used for the treatment of mastalgia? What is the current evidence? Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2008;5:247-50.

Dugoua JJ, Seely D, Perri D, Koren G, Mills E. Safety and efficacy of chastetree (Vitex agnus-castus) during pregnancy and lactation. Can J Clin Pharmacol 2008;15:74-9.

Tandon S, Mittal AK, Pant AK. Insect growth regulatory activity of Vitex trifolia and Vitex agnus-castus essential oils against Spilosoma obliqua. Fitoterapia 2008;79:283-6.

Hoberg E, Meier B, Sticher O. Quantitative high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of casticin in the fruits of Vitex agnus-castus. Pharm Biol 2001;39:57-61.

Hoberg E, Orjala J, Meier B, Sticher O. Diterpenoids from the fruits of Vitex agnus-castus. Phytochemistry 1999;52:1555-8.

SÃ¸rensen JM, Katsiotis ST. Parameters influencing the yield and composition of the essential oil from cretan Vitex agnus-castus fruits. Planta Med 2000;66:245-50.

Arokiyaraj S, Perinbam K, Agastian P, Kumar RM. Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of Vitex agnus-castus. Int J Green Pharm 2009;3:162-4.

Ahmad B, Hafeez N, Ara G, Azam S, Bashir S, Khan I. Antibacterial activity of crude methanolic extract and various fractions of Vitex agnus castus and Myrsine africana against clinical isolates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Pak J Pharm Sci 2016;29:1977-83.

Asdadi A, Hamdouch A, Oukacha A, Moutaj R, Gharby S, Harhar H, et al. Study on chemical analysis, antioxidant and in vitro antifungal activities of essential oil from wild Vitex agnus-castus L. seeds growing in area of argan tree of Morocco against clinical strains of Candida responsible for nosocomial infections. J Mycol MÃ©d JMed Mycol 2015;25:e118-27.

Stojkovi D, Sokovi M, GlamoÄlija J, DÅ¾ami A, Iri A, Risti M, et al. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Vitex agnus-castus L. fruits and leaves essential oils. Food Chem 2011;128:1017 22.

Miguel M, Bouchmaaa N, Aazza S, Gaamoussi F, Lyoussi B. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities of eleven extracts of moroccan plants. Fresenius Environ Bull 2014;23:1375-88.

Lachassinne E, Letamendia-Richard E, Gaudelus J. Ã‰pidÃ©miologie des infections nosocomiales en nÃ©onatalogie. Arch PÃ©diatr 2004;11:229-33.

Taroq A, El Kamari F, Oumokhtar B, Aouam I, El Atki Y, Lyoussi B, et al. Phytochemical screening of the essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum and antibacterial activity against nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 2018;48:58-61.

Maisonneuve SA. European Pharmacopoeia. Vol. 3. France: Sainte-Ruffine; 1975. p. 68-80.

Adams RP. Identification of Essential oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Mass spectrometry. Carol Stream, IL: Allured Publishing Corporation; 2007.

Mharti FZ, Lyoussi B, Abdellaoui A. Antibacterial activity of the essential oils of Pistacia lentiscus used in Moroccan folkloric medicine. Nat Prod Commun 2011;6:1505-6.

Jalal Z, El Atki Y, Lyoussi B, Abdellaoui A. Phytochemistry of the essential oil of Melissa officinalis L. growing wild in Morocco: Preventive approach against nosocomial infections. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015;5:458-61.

Ravindran AE, Thoppil JE. phytochemical profiling and antibacterial efficacy screening of Aglaia malabarica sasidh. Int J Curr Pharm Res 2018;10:20-2.

Sorensen JM, Katsiotis ST. Variation in essential oil yield and composition of cretan Vitex agnus castus L. Fruits. J Essent Oil Res 1999;11:599-605.

AjdÅ¾anoviÄ‡ V, SpasojeviÄ‡ I, PanteliÄ‡ J, Å oÅ¡iÄ‡-JurjeviÄ‡ B, FilipoviÄ‡ B, MiloÅ¡eviÄ‡ V, et al. Vitex agnus-castus L. essential oil increases human erythrocyte membrane fluidity. J Med Biochem 2012;31:222-7.

Ghannadi A, Bagherinejad M, Abedi D, Jalali M, Absalan B, Sadeghi N. Antibacterial activity and composition of essential oils from Pelargonium graveolens Lâ€™Her and Vitex agnus-castus L. Iran J Microbiol 2012;4:171-6.

Sarikurkcu C, Arisoy K, Tepe B, Cakir A, Abali G, Mete E. Studies on the antioxidant activity of essential oil and different solvent extracts of Vitex agnus castus L. fruits from Turkey. Food Chem Toxicol 2009;47:2479-83.

Dervishi-Shengjergji D, Papajani V, Hamiti X, Nuro A, Kika B. Antibacterial activity and chemical composition of Vitex agnus castus fruits essential oils from Mbishkodra, Albania. J Int Environ Appl Sci 2014;9:521-4.

Hamid AA, Usman LA, Adebayo SA, Zubair MF, Elaigwu SE. Chemical constituents of leaf essential oil of North-central Nigerian grown Vitex agnus-castus l. Adv Environ Biol 2010;4:250-3.

Khalilzadeh E, Saiah GV, Hasannejad H, Ghaderi A, Ghaderi S, Hamidian G, et al. Antinociceptive effects, acute toxicity and chemical composition of Vitex agnus-castus essential oil. Avicenna J Phytomed 2015;5:218-30.

Kivrak Ä°, Duru ME, Ã–ztÃ¼rk M, Mercan N, Harmandar M, TopÃ§u G. Antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial constituents from the essential oil and ethanol extract of Salvia potentillifolia. Food Chem 2009;116:470-9.

Oyedeji O, Lawal O, Shode F, Oyedeji A. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oils of Callistemon citrinus and Callistemon viminalis from South Africa. Molecules 2009;14:1990-8.

Pina-Vaz C, Rodrigues AG, Pinto E, Costa-de-Oliveira S, Tavares C, Salgueiro L, et al. Antifungal activity of thymus oils and their major compounds. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2004;18:73-8.

Saranya VT, Gowrie S. Phytochemical analysis and in vitro studies on antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities using Casuarina equisetifolia bark extracts. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2018;10:118-25.