ASSESSMENT OF THYROID DYSFUNCTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS IN CENTRAL INDIA

MUKESH SINGH TOMAR; VEENA MELWANI; ANSHULI TRIVEDI

doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2022.v15i3.44009

Authors

MUKESH SINGH TOMAR Department of Medicine, BIMR Hospital, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India.
VEENA MELWANI Department of Community Medicine, AIIMS, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
ANSHULI TRIVEDI Department of Community Medicine, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2022.v15i3.44009

Keywords:

Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Thyroid disorders, diabetes, Central India

Abstract

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of thyroid disorders among diabetics in Central India.

Methods: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional comparative study at the department of medicine, tertiary care center in Central India on a total of 100 diabetic patients admitted at the study area during the study period of 1 year. Cases in the study group with diabetes and control group (non-diabetic) were enrolled as per inclusion and exclusion criteria in 1:1 ratio. All the patients in both the groups were subjected to the estimation of thyroid function tests, that is, T3, T4, and TSH levels after overnight fasting.

Results: Mean age of patients in the study group was 55.7±10.1 years whereas that of the control group was 53.9±10.6 years. Overall, thyroid dysfunctions were noted in 31% of cases in the study group and 12% of cases in the control group (p<0.05). The most common thyroid dysfunction was hypothyroidism, particularly subclinical hypothyroidism (19% and 8% in the study group and control group, respectively). Thyroid dysfunctions were associated with increased HbA1c in our study group (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunctions are observed in higher proportions of cases with diabetes as compared to non-diabetes. All the parameters of thyroid function tests including T3 and T4 levels as well as TSH levels are found to be altered in higher number of diabetics. Poor glycemic control among diabetics is one of the important determinants of thyroid dysfunction in patients with diabetes.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Hussain T, Barik BS, Nayak AR, Das S, Khadanga UK, Yadav VS, et al. Prevalence and predictors of thyroid dysfunction among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending a tertiary care hospital in an urban area of Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Thyroid Res Pract 2019;16:26-35.

Joshi SR, Parikh RM. India; the diabetes capital of the world: Now heading towards hypertension. J Assoc Phys India 2007;55:323.

Kutty BM, Raju TR. New vistas in treating diabetes--insight into a holistic approach. Indian J Med Res 2010;131:606-8.

Yadav A, Yadav GA, Narsingrao KK, Kumar LN, Yadav GS. Prevalence of thyroid disorders among patients with diabetes in rural South India. Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res Rev 2021;15:885-9.

Unnikrishnan AG, Kalra S, Sahay RK, Bantwal G, John M, Tewari N. Prevalence of hypothyroidism in adults: an epidemiological study in eight cities of India. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2013;17:647-52.

Hoogendoorn EH, Hermus AR, de Vegt F, Ross HA, Verbeek AL, Kiemeney LA, et al. Thyroid function and prevalence of anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies in a population with borderline sufficient iodine intake: influences of age and sex. Clin Chem 2006;52:104-11.

Hage M, Zantout MS, Azar ST. Thyroid disorders and diabetes mellitus. J Thyroid Res 2011;2011:439463.

Demitrost L, Ranabir S. Thyroid dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A retrospective study. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2012;16 Suppl 2:S334-5.

Johnson JL, Duick DS. Diabetes and thyroid disease: A likely combination. Diabetes Spec 2002;15:140-2.

Suzuki Y, Nanno M, Gemma R, Tanaka I, Taminato T, Yoshimi T. The mechanism of thyroid hormone abnormalities in patients with diabetes mellitus. Nihon Naibunpi Gakkai Zasshi 1994;70:465-70.

Pasupathi P, Bakthavathsalam G, Saravanan G, Sundaramoorthi R. Screening for thyroid dysfunction in the diabetic/non-diabetic population. Thyroid Sci 2008;3:1-6.

Udiong CE, Udoh AE, Etukudoh ME. Evaluation of thyroid function in diabetes mellitus in Calabar, Nigeria. Indian J Clin Biochem 2007;22:74-8.

Ogbonna SU, Ezeani IU. Risk factors of thyroid dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol 2019;10:440.

Ardekani MA, Rashidi M, Shojaoddiny A. Effect of thyroid dysfunction on metabolic response in type 2 diabetic patients. Iran J Diabetes Obes 2010;2:20-6.

Bazrafshan HR, Ramezani A, Salehi A, Shir AA, Mohammadian S, Faraj EM, et al. Thyroid dysfunction and its relation with diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). J Gorgan Univ Med Sci 2000;2:5-11.

Gursoy NT, Tuncel E, Erturk E, Imamoglu S. The relationship between the glycemic control and the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in diabetic patients. Turk J Endocrinol Metab 1999;4:163-8.

Okajima F, Ui M. Metabolism of glucose in hyper- and hypothyroid rats in vivo. Glucose-turnover values and futile-cycle activities obtained with 14C-and 3H-labelled glucose. Biochem J 1979;182:565-75.

Leong KS, Wallymahmed M, Wilding J, MacFarlane I. Clinical presentation of thyroid dysfunction and Addison’s disease in young adults with type 1 diabetes. Postgrad Med J 1999;75:467-70.

Maxon HR, Kreines KW, Goldsmith RE, Knowles HC. Long-term observations of glucose tolerance in thyrotoxic patients. Arch Intern Med 1975;135:1477-80.