EVALUATION OF ARISTOLOCHIA BRACTEOLATA LINN. FOR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY, α-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITION, AND ITS PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate antimicrobial efficacy, α-glucosidase inhibition and various phytochemical constituents of Aristolochia bracteolata Linn.
Methods: Soxhlet extraction by using hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol solvents, antimicrobial, α-glucosidase inhibition assay, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical estimation.
Results: The results revealed that the methanolic extract showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activity. The maximum zone of inhibition was against Bacillus subtilis (24 mm), Yersinia enterocholitica (22 mm) and Proteus vulgaris (20 mm) at the concentration of 5 mg/ml of extract. Methanolic extract showed MIC value of 250 μg/ml against all the fungal pathogens. The methanol extract showed 78.27% of α-glucosidase inhibition. The phytochemical tests showed the presence of phenols, terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, carbohydrates in methanol extract. Total phenolic and total flavonoid content of methanol extract were 103.21±1.23 mg catechol equivalents/100 g extract and 53.01±1.78 mg quercetin equivalents/100 g respectively.
Conclusion: The results conclude that the extracts of Aristolochia bracteolata exert multiple biological properties due to the presence of flavonoids and phenols. It is also an effective glucosidase inhibitor. It can be used to obtain novel antibacterial compounds for the treatment of infectious diseases in future.
Key words: Aristolochia bracteolata Linn, Phytochemical, Phenolic and flavonoid content, antimicrobial activity, α-glucosidase inhibition.
Â
Downloads
References
Alluri N, Majumdar M. Phytochemical analysis and in vitro
antimicrobial activity of Calotropis gigantea, Lawsonia inermis and
Trigonella foecum-graecum. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2014;6(4):524-7.
Nostro A, Germanò MP, D’angelo V, Marino A, Cannatelli MA.
Extraction methods and bioautography for evaluation of medicinal
plant antimicrobial activity. Lett Appl Microbiol 2000;30(5):379-84.
Tiwari P, Kumar H, Kaur M, Kaur G, Kaur H. Phytochemical screening
and extraction: A review. Int Pharm Sci 2011;1(1):98-106.
Zheng W, Wang SY. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in
selected herbs. J Agric Food Chem 2001;49(11):5165-70.
Cai Y, Sun M, Corke H. Antioxidant activity of betalains from plants of
the amaranthaceae. J Agric Food Chem 2003;51(8):2288-94.
Rojas R, Bustamante B, Bauer J, Fernández I, Albán J, Lock O.
Antimicrobial activity of selected Peruvian medicinal plants.
J Ethnopharmacol 2003;88(2-3):199-204.
Abdullah E, Ahmad Raus R, Jamal P. Extraction and evaluation
of antibacterial activity from selected flowering plants. Am Med J
;3(1):27-32.
Benkeblia N. Antimicrobial activity of essential oil extracts of various
onions (Allium cepa) and garlic (Allium sativum). Lebensm Wiss
Technol 2004;37:263-8.
Elizabeth KM. Antimicrobial activity of Terminalia bellerica. Indian J
Clin Biochem 2005;20(2):150-3.
Kelmanson JE, Jäger AK, van Staden J. Zulu medicinal plants with
antibacterial activity. J Ethnopharmacol 2000;69(3):241-6.
Srinivasan D, Nathan S, Suresh T, Lakshmana Perumalsamy P.
Antimicrobial activity of certain Indian medicinal plants used in
folkloric medicine. J Ethnopharmacol 2001;74(3):217-20.
Seliya AR, Patel NK. Ethno medicinal uses of climbers from Saraswati
river region of Patan District, North Gujarat. Ethno Botanical Leaflets
;13:865-72.
Roy KH, Kumar S, Sarkar S. Wound healing potential of leaf extracts
of Ficus religiosa on wistar albino strain rats. Int J Pharm Tech Res
;1:506-8.
MacMillan DW. The advent and development of organocatalysis.
Nature 2008;455(7211):304-8.
Bensky D, Gamble A, Kaptchuk T, Bensky LL. Chinese Herbal
Medicine: Material Medical. Revised Edition. Washington, U. S. A.:
Eastland Press; 1993. p. 136.
Tang W, Eisenbrand G. Chinese Drugs of Plant Origin, Chemistry,
Pharmacology and Use in Traditional and Modern Medicine. Berlin:
Springer-Verlag; 1992. p. 207-22.
Mizuno M, Oka T, Yamamoto H, Iinuma M, Murata H. Comparison
of Aristolochia species with chemical constituents. Chem Pharm Bull
;39:1310-1.
Kupchan SM, Doskotch RW. Tumor inhibitors. I. Aristolochic acid,
the active principle of Aristolochia indica. J Med Pharm Chem
;91:657-9.
Meenatchisundaram S, Parameswari G, Subbraj T, Michael A. Studies
on antivenom activity of Andrographis paniculata and Aristolochia
indica plant extracts against Daboia russelli venom by in vivo and
in vitro methods. Indian J Sci Technol 2009;2:76-9.
Balachandran P, Wei F, Lin RC, Khan IA, Pasco DS. Structure activity
relationships of aristolochic acid analogues: Toxicity in cultured renal
epithelial cells. Kidney Int 2005;67(5):1797-805.
Negi PS, Anandharamakrishnan C, Jayaprakasha GK. Antibacterial
activity of Aristolochia bracteata root extracts. J Med Food
;6(4):401-3.
el Dirdiri NI, Barakat SE, Adam SE. The combined toxicity of
Aristolochia bracteata and Cadaba rotundifolia to goats. Vet Hum
Toxicol 1987;29(2):133-7.
Harborne JB. Introduction of Ecological Biochemistry. 3
ed. London
and New York: Academic Press; 1977.
Samia HA, Elmalik KH, Khalid HS. Therapeutic effect of Aristolochia
bracteolate. extract against experimental Trypanosoma evansi
infection. Int J Trop Med 2006;1(4):170-2.
Kalpana Devi B, Kanimozhi S, Suganyadevi P. Phytochemical
screening and biological property of Aristolochia bracteolata. J Pharm
Res 2011;4(5):1509-14.
Chitme HR, Malipatil M, Chandrashekhar VM, Prashant PM.
Antiallergic activity of Aristolochia bracteolata lank in animal model.
Indian J Exp Biol 2010;48(1):46-52.
Kavitha D, Nirmaladevi R. Assessment of Aristolochia bracteolata
leaf extracts for its biotherapeutic potential. Afr J Biotechnol
;8(17):4242-4.
Gupta AK, Tandon N, Sharma M. Quality standards of Indian medicinal
plants, medicinal plants unit. Indian Council Med Res (ICMR)
;5:84-90.
Harborne JB. Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern Techniques
of Plant Analysis. 1
st
rd
ed. London: Chapman and Hall Ltd.; 1973.
p. 49-188.
Slinkard K, Singleton VL. Total phenol analyses: Automation and
comparison with manual methods. Am J Enol Vitic 1977;28:49-55.
Willett WC. Balancing life-style and genomics research for disease
prevention. Science 2002;296(5568):695-8.
Latha R, Sarkar T, Sagaya JR, Agastian P. Evaluation of antimicrobial
efficiency and alpha glucosidase inhibition of Rubus Ellipticus smith
leaf extracts and its phytochemical analysis. Asian J Pharm Clin Res
;8(2):422-6.
National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Reference
Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of
Conidium-Forming Filamentous Fungi: Approved Standard M38-A.
NCCLS, Wayne, PA, USA; 2002.
Dahlqvist A. Method for assay of intestinal disaccharidases. Anal
Biochem 1964;7:18-25.
Khan AS, Hassan M, Ali S. Preliminary phytochemical screening
of some plants of ethanobotanical importance from district Gilgit,
Northern areas, Pakistan. Pak J Plant Sci 2009;15:15-8.
Tiwari P, Kumar B, Kaur M, Kaur G, Kaur H. Phytochemical screening
and extraction: A review. Int Pharm Sci 2011;1(1):98-106.
Walton NJ, Mayer MJ, Narbad A. Molecules of interest: Vanillin.
Phytochemistry 2003;63(5):505-15.
Cowan MM. Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clin Microbiol
Rev 1999;12(4):564-82.
Kavitha D, Nirmaladevi R. Assessment of Aristolochia bracteolata
leaf extracts for its biotherapeutic potential. Afr J Biotechnol
;8(17):4242-4.
Manikander RV, Selvamani P, Latha S. Antibacterial activity of
leaf extracts of Aristolochia bracteata Retz. Indian J Pharm Sci
;68(4):509-10.
Angalaparameswari S, Saleem TS, Alagusundaram M, Ramakanth S,
Thiruvengadarajan TS, Gnanaprakash K, et al. Anti-microbial activity
of aristolochic acid from root of Aristolochia bracteolata Retz. Int J
Biol Sci 2012;8(4):244-7.
Asian J Pharm Clin Res, Vol 9, Issue 1, 2016, 137-142
Trayee et al.
Wu TS, Chan YY, Leu YL, Chen ZT. Sesquiterpene esters of aristolochic
acid from the root and stem of Aristolochia heterophylla. J Nat Prod
;62(3):415-8.
Wu TS, Leu YL, Chan YY. Constituents from the stem and root of
Aristolochia kaempferi. Biol Pharm Bull 2000;23(10):1216-9.
Andrews JM. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations.
J Antimicrob Chemother 2001;48 Suppl 1:5-16.
Maritim AC, Sanders RA, Watkins JB 3
. Diabetes, oxidative
stress, and antioxidants: A review. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2003;
(1):24-38.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
The publication is licensed under CC By and is open access. Copyright is with author and allowed to retain publishing rights without restrictions.