EFFICACY OF DISINFECTANTS AGAINST GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA FOUND ON THERMOPLASTIC RETAINERS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2019.v11s1.180Keywords:
Disinfectant, Disinfection, Thermoplastic retainer, Gram-positive bacteria, Streptococcus mutansAbstract
Objective: The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of two disinfectants against Gram-positive bacteria, particularly Streptococcus mutans,
for use as a disinfectant for dental retainers.
Methods: In total, 35 thermoplastic retainers in this study were categorized into three immersion groups: control group; mouthwash group, using
chlorhexidine 0.1%; and denture cleanser tablet group. The retainers were worn for 15 days, and Gram-positive bacteria were enumerated before and
after the retainers were immersed.
Results: We found a significant difference in bacterial numbers between the two disinfectant groups and the non-disinfectant or control group. Both
disinfectant groups had decreased numbers of Gram-positive bacteria.
Conclusions: Disinfectant use is effective in decreasing the load of Gram-positive bacteria on thermoplastic retainers.
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References
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orthodontic retainers in the postretention phase. Am J Orthod
Dentofacial Orthop 2011;140:196-201.
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randomized double-blind comparison study of the effectiveness of
hawley vs vacuum-formed retainers. Angle Orthod 2011;81:404-9.
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of acrylic baseplates of removable orthodontic appliances. Am J Orthod
Dentofacial Orthop 2007;131:705.e11-7.
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of home disinfection protocols for acrylic baseplates of removable
orthodontic appliances: A randomized clinical investigation. Am J
Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011;140:51-7.
11. Low B, Lee W, Seneviratne CJ, Samaranayake LP, Hägg U. Ultrastructure
and morphology of biofilms on thermoplastic orthodontic appliances in
‘fast’ and ‘slow’ plaque formers. Eur J Orthod 2011;33:577-83.
12. Türköz C, Canigür Bavbek N, Kale Varlik S, Akça G. Influence of
thermoplastic retainers on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus
adhesion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2012;141:598-603.
13. Gardner GD, Dunn WJ, Taloumis L. Wear comparison of thermoplastic
materials used for orthodontic retainers. Am J Orthod Dentofacial
Orthop 2003;124:294-7.
14. Ponitz RJ. Invisible retainers. Am J Orthod 1971;59:266-72.
15. Pascual AL, Beeman CS, Hicks EP, Bush HM, Mitchell RJ. The essential
work of fracture of thermoplastic orthodontic retainer materials. Angle
Orthod 2010;80:554-61.
16. White LW. How to achieve minor tooth movements with essix aligners.
J Am Orthod Soc 2008;8:22-5.
17. Rody WJ Jr., Akhlaghi H, Akyalcin S, Wiltshire WA, Wijegunasinghe M,
Filho GN, et al. Impact of orthodontic retainers on periodontal health
status assessed by biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid. Angle Orthod
2011;81:1083-9.
18. Sastroasmoro S. Dasar-Dasar Metodologi Penelitian Klinis. 4th ed.
Jakarta: Sagung Seto; 2011.
19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Infection Prevention and
Control Guidelines and Recommendations. Available from: http://
www.cdc.gov/oralhealth/infectioncontrol/guidelines. [Last accessed on
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20. da Silva FC, Kimpara ET, Mancini MN, Balducci I, Jorge AO, Koga-
Ito CY, et al. Effectiveness of six different disinfectants on removing
five microbial species and effects on the topographic characteristics of
acrylic resin. J Prosthodont 2008;17:627-33.
21. Shpack N, Greenstein RB, Gazit D, Sarig R, Vardimon AD. Efficacy of
three hygienic protocols in reducing biofilm adherence to removable
thermoplastic appliance. Angle Orthod 2014;84:161-70.
22. Paranhos HF, Silva-Lovato CH, de Souza RF, Cruz PC, de Freitas-
Pontes KM, Watanabe E, et al. Effect of three methods for cleaning
dentures on biofilms formed in vitro on acrylic resin. J Prosthodont
2009;18:427-31.
23. Pfeffer LA. Bacterial Adherence of Streptococcus mutans and
Lactobacillus acidophillus on Poly-Methyl Methacrylate and
Thermoplastic Polypropene Used in Orthodontic Retention. Las Vegas:
Thesis Master of Oral Biology Department of Orthodontics, University
of Nevada; 2011.
Techniques. Missouri: Mosby; 2000.
2. Singh P, Grammati S, Kirschen R. Orthodontic retention patterns in the
United Kingdom. J Orthod 2009;36:115-21.
3. Tuncay OC. The Invisalign System. New Malden: Quintessance
Publishing Co. Limited; 2006.
4. Kwon JS, Lee YK, Lim BS, Lim YK. Force delivery properties of
thermoplastic orthodontic materials. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop
2008;133:228-34.
5. Profitt WR, Fields HW Jr., Sarver D. Contemporary Orthodontics.
Missouri: Mosby; 2007.
6. Pratt MC, Kluemper GT, Lindstrom AF. Patient compliance with
orthodontic retainers in the postretention phase. Am J Orthod
Dentofacial Orthop 2011;140:196-201.
7. Barlin S, Smith R, Reed R, Sandy J, Ireland AJ. A retrospective
randomized double-blind comparison study of the effectiveness of
hawley vs vacuum-formed retainers. Angle Orthod 2011;81:404-9.
8. Melrose C, Millett DT. Toward a perspective on orthodontic retention?
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1998;113:507-14.
9. Lessa FC, Enoki C, Ito IY, Faria G, Matsumoto MA, Nelson-Filho P,
et al. In-vivo evaluation of the bacterial contamination and disinfection
of acrylic baseplates of removable orthodontic appliances. Am J Orthod
Dentofacial Orthop 2007;131:705.e11-7.
10. Peixoto IT, Enoki C, Ito IY, Matsumoto MA, Nelson-Filho P. Evaluation
of home disinfection protocols for acrylic baseplates of removable
orthodontic appliances: A randomized clinical investigation. Am J
Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011;140:51-7.
11. Low B, Lee W, Seneviratne CJ, Samaranayake LP, Hägg U. Ultrastructure
and morphology of biofilms on thermoplastic orthodontic appliances in
‘fast’ and ‘slow’ plaque formers. Eur J Orthod 2011;33:577-83.
12. Türköz C, Canigür Bavbek N, Kale Varlik S, Akça G. Influence of
thermoplastic retainers on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus
adhesion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2012;141:598-603.
13. Gardner GD, Dunn WJ, Taloumis L. Wear comparison of thermoplastic
materials used for orthodontic retainers. Am J Orthod Dentofacial
Orthop 2003;124:294-7.
14. Ponitz RJ. Invisible retainers. Am J Orthod 1971;59:266-72.
15. Pascual AL, Beeman CS, Hicks EP, Bush HM, Mitchell RJ. The essential
work of fracture of thermoplastic orthodontic retainer materials. Angle
Orthod 2010;80:554-61.
16. White LW. How to achieve minor tooth movements with essix aligners.
J Am Orthod Soc 2008;8:22-5.
17. Rody WJ Jr., Akhlaghi H, Akyalcin S, Wiltshire WA, Wijegunasinghe M,
Filho GN, et al. Impact of orthodontic retainers on periodontal health
status assessed by biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid. Angle Orthod
2011;81:1083-9.
18. Sastroasmoro S. Dasar-Dasar Metodologi Penelitian Klinis. 4th ed.
Jakarta: Sagung Seto; 2011.
19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Infection Prevention and
Control Guidelines and Recommendations. Available from: http://
www.cdc.gov/oralhealth/infectioncontrol/guidelines. [Last accessed on
2012 Oct 08].
20. da Silva FC, Kimpara ET, Mancini MN, Balducci I, Jorge AO, Koga-
Ito CY, et al. Effectiveness of six different disinfectants on removing
five microbial species and effects on the topographic characteristics of
acrylic resin. J Prosthodont 2008;17:627-33.
21. Shpack N, Greenstein RB, Gazit D, Sarig R, Vardimon AD. Efficacy of
three hygienic protocols in reducing biofilm adherence to removable
thermoplastic appliance. Angle Orthod 2014;84:161-70.
22. Paranhos HF, Silva-Lovato CH, de Souza RF, Cruz PC, de Freitas-
Pontes KM, Watanabe E, et al. Effect of three methods for cleaning
dentures on biofilms formed in vitro on acrylic resin. J Prosthodont
2009;18:427-31.
23. Pfeffer LA. Bacterial Adherence of Streptococcus mutans and
Lactobacillus acidophillus on Poly-Methyl Methacrylate and
Thermoplastic Polypropene Used in Orthodontic Retention. Las Vegas:
Thesis Master of Oral Biology Department of Orthodontics, University
of Nevada; 2011.
Published
05-04-2019
How to Cite
ISMAH, N., PURWANEGARA, M. K., & RAHMAWATI, T. (2019). EFFICACY OF DISINFECTANTS AGAINST GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA FOUND ON THERMOPLASTIC RETAINERS. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 11(1), 130–133. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2019.v11s1.180
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