A COMPLETE AND UPDATED REVIEW ON VARIOUS TYPES OF DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2020v12i4.37508Keywords:
Different types of tablets, Vaccines, Microsponges, Suppositories, Capsules, Ointments, Gels, Biphasic dosage form, Targeted drug delivery systems, Osmotic drug delivery systemsAbstract
The World of medicine has gained considerable interest in the research area all over the World. Scientists constantly work on the three parameters ‘Quality, Safety, Efficacy’ of a pharmaceutical ingredient. Refine these parameters; they are continually developing different dosage forms. These unique types of dosage forms help to provide improved bioavailability and efficacy of a pharmaceutical ingredient. The role of dosage form is to improve the availability of the medicine to treat the symptoms and disease. This article focus on the different types of dosage forms, their advantages and some important facts related to that dosage forms.
Downloads
References
Gosh Subhajit, Murthy PN, Joshi Hanumanthachar. A literature review on various ayurveda dosage form. J Sci Yoga Nat 2018;5:19-23.
Indian Pharmacopoeia. Government of india ministry of health and family welfare, the controller of publication Delhi. Indian Pharmacopoeia 2018;2:1118-21.
Salunkhe A Atish, Jagtap A Vaibhavkumar, Md Usman, Md Rageeb, Nagaich Upendra. A textbook of industrial pharmacy-I. S. Vikas and Company (Medical Publishers); 2019. p. 25-32.
Masaki Ando, Rina Ito, Yuichi Ozeki, Yukiharu Nakayama, Toshitaka Nabeshima. Evaluation of a novel sugar coating method for moisture protective tablets. Int J Pharma 2007;336:319–28.
Kirsch John D, Drennen James K. Determination of film-coated tablet parameters by near-infrared spectroscopy. J Pharm Bio Anal 1995;13:1273-81.
Ofori Kwakye Kwabena, Fell John T. Biphasic drug release from film-coated tablets. Int J Pharm 2003;250:431-40.
Chambliss Walter G, Chambliss Diana A, Cleary Robert W, Jones Alan B, Harland Ernest C, Kibbe Arthur H. Development and evaluation of enteric-coated penicillamine tablets. J Pharm Sci 1984;73:1215-9.
Shukla Dali, Chakraborty Subhashis, Singh Sanjay, Mishra Brahmeshwar. Mouth dissolving tablets II: an overview of evaluation techniques. Sci Pharm 2009;77:327–41.
Rasheed Shaik Harun, Vani P Sandhya, Gajavalli Silpa Rani, Hussain Sk Shahul, Venugopal B, Ravikiran T, et al. Formulation and evaluation of chewable tablets of mebendazole. Int J Pharm W Res 2011;2:183-9.
Rishikesh, Bhuyian Mohiuddin Ahmed, Dewan Irin, Ghosh Drishti Rani, Islam Md Asraful. Immediate release drug delivery system (tablets). Int Res J Pharm A Sci 2012;2:88-98.
Chittaranjan Andrade. Sustain release, extended release and other time release formulations in neuropschyiatry. Clin Prarm Pharm 2015;76:e995-9.
Maheshwari R, Jain V, Ansari R, Mahajan SC, Joshi G. A review on lozenges. Br Biomed Bull 2013;1:35-43.
Shinde G, Kadam V, Kapse GR, Jadhav SB, Zameeruddin MD, Bharkad B. A review on lozenges. Indo Am J Pharm Res 2014;4:566-71.
Pothu R, Rao Y. Lozenges formulation and evaluation. Int J Adv Pharm Res 2014;5:290-8.
Kaur R, Kaur S. Role of polymers in drug delivery. J Drug Delivery Ther 2014;4:32-6.
Aulton EM. Pharmaceutics. 3rded. Compressed lozenges; 2007. p. 457.
Pothu R, Rao Y. Development and in vitro evaluation of nicotine troches for smoking cessation. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2014;7:68-75.
Mehta RM. Pharmaceutics. 1st ed. Vallabh Prakashan publishers; 1997. p. 160-2.
Loyd V Allen. Suppositories as drug delivery system. J Pharm Care Pain Symptom Control 1997;5:17-26.
VR Sirisha K, K Vijaya Sri, K Suresh, G Kamalakar Reddy, N Devanna. A review of pellets and pelletization process-a multiparticulate drug delivery system. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2013;4:2145-58.
Rabadiya Bhavisha, Rabadiya Paresh. A review: capsule shell material from gelatin to animal origin material. Int J Pharm Res Bio 2013;2:42-71.
Lachman Leon, Liberman Herbert A, K Joseph L. The theory and practice of industrial pharmacy. 3rd ed. Varghese Publishing House edition; 1986. p. 374.
Fridrun Podczeck, Brian E Jones. 2nd ed. The history of the medicinal capsule in pharmaceutical capsules; 2004.
Salunkhe A Atish, Jagtap A Vaibhavkumar, Md Rageeb, Nagaich Upendra. A textbook of industrial pharmacy-I. S. Vikas and Company (Medical publishers); 2019. p. 94.
Dhanpal Ramaiyan, Ratna J Vijaya. Ocular drug delivery system–a review. Int J Inno Dr Dis 2012;2:4-15.
Patel Ashaben, Cholkar Kishore, Agrahari Vibhuti, Mitra Ashim K. Ocular drug delivery systems: an overview. Wor J Pharm 2013;2:47–64.
Hardaker Lucy EA, Hatley Ross HM. In vitro characterization of the I-Neb adaptive aerosol delivery (AAD) system. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Delivery 2010;23 Suppl 1:S11-20.
Sharma Deepak, Sharma Amit, Garg Rajeev. Preparation, physicochemical evaluation and characterization of mucoadhesive buccal gels impregnated with benzydamine hydrochloride for the effective treatment of aphthous stomatitis: effect of different grades of HPMC polymer on in vitro and ex vivo performance. Drug Delivery Lett 2019;9:341-57.
Jaiswal SB, Brahmankar DM. Biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics, a treastise. 2nd edition. Vallabh Prakashan, New Delhi; 2017.
Jain NK. Controlled and novel drug delivery systems. 1st ed. CBS publishers, New Delhi; 2009.
Chien Yie W. Novel drug delivery system. 2nd ed. Informa healthcare, NY; 2018. p. 50.
Deepak Sharma, Amit Sharma, Rajeev Garg. Design, development and in vitro/ex vivo evaluation of mucoadhesive buccal film of benzydamine hydrochloride for the effective treatment of aphthous stomatitis. Recent Pat Drug Delivery Formulation 2018;12:277-94.
Garg R, Gupta GD. Progress in controlled gastroretentive delivery systems. Trop J Pharm Res 2008;7:1055-66.
Garg R, Gupta GD. Preparation and evaluation of gastroretentive floating tablets of silymarin. Chem Pharm Bull 2009;57:545-9.
Chokshi M Maulesh, Gupta Mohan Madan, Gupta Madhulika. Formulation and evaluation of gastroretentive floating tablet of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2016;8:148-52.
Kissel T, Werner U. Nasal delivery of peptides: an in vitro cell culture model for the investigation of transport and metabolism in human nasal epithelium. J Controlled Release 1998;53:195–203.
Ridley D, Perkins AC, Washington N, Wilson CG, Wastie M, Flynn PO, et al. The effect of posture on nasal clearance of bioadhesive starch microspheres. STP Pharm Sci 1995;5:442–6.
Illum L, Hıncal AA, Kas HS, Sumnu M. editors. Drug delivery systems for nasal application. Third Int Pharm Tech Sym; 1985.
Sarkar MA. Drug metabolism in the nasal mucosa. J Pharm Res 1992;9:1–9.
Brime B, Ballesteros MP, Frutos P. Preparation and in vitro characterization of gelatin microspheres containing levodopa for nasal administration. J Microencapsulation 2000;6:777–84.
Mygind N, Dahl R. Anatomy, physiology and function of the nasal cavities in health and disease. Adv Drug Delivery Rev 1998;29:3–12.
HM Courrier, N Butz, Th F Vandamme. Pulmonary drug delivery systems: recent developments and prospects. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2002;19(4 Suppl 5):425–98.
Mishra Nidhi, Yadav Narayan Prasad, Rai Vineet Kumar, Sinha Priyam, Yadav Kuldeep Singh, Jain Sanyog, et al. Efficient hepatic delivery of drugs: novel strategies and their significance. Bio Res Int 2013;20:1-20.
Roitt Ivan M. Essential Immunology. 8th ed. Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1994. p. 120-2.
Roitt Ivan, Brostoff Jonathan, Male David. Immuonology. 5th ed. Mosby publishers; 1998. p. 281-2.
David HJ Bunka, Olga Platonova, Peter G Stockley. Development of aptamer therapeutics. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2010;10:557–62.
Brody Edward N, Gold Larry. Aptamers as therapeutic and tiagnostic agents. Rev Mol Biol 2000;74:5-13.
Agarwal Sudhir, Kandimalla Ekambar R. Antisense therapeutics: is it as simple as complementary base recognition? Mol Med Today 2000;6:72-81.
Akhtar Saghir, Juliano RL. Cellular uptake and intracellular fate of antisense oligonucleotides. Trends Cell Biol 1992;2:139-44.
Grove Mette, Mullertz Anette, Neilsen Jeanet Logsted, Pedersena Gitte Pommergaard. Bioavailability of seocalcitol II: development and characterisation of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) for oral administration containing medium and long chain triglycerides. Eur J Pharm Sci 2006;28:233–42.
Date Abhijit A, Nagarsenker MS. Design and evaluation of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) for cefpodoxime proxetil. Int J Pharm 2007;329:166–72.
Sharma Monika, Garg Rajeev, Sardana Satish. Enhanced release kinetics and stability of resveratrol loaded self nanoemulsifying delivery systems developed using experimental design. Cur Nanomed 2019;9:128-45.
Melief CJ, Van Hall T, Arens R, Ossendorp F, Van der Burg SH. Therapeutic cancer vaccines. J Clin Int 2015;125:3401–12.
Petrovsky, Nikolai, Aguilar, Julio César. Vaccine adjuvents: current state and future trends. Immunol Cell Biol 2004;82:488–96.
Sinha JK, Bhattacharya S. A textbook of immunology. Academic publishers; 2014. p. 318.
Badgett MR, Auer A, Carmichael LE, Parrish CR, Bull JJ. Evolutionary dynamics of viral attenuation. J Virol 2002;76:10524–9.
Moloney PJ. The preparation and testing of diphtheria toxoid (anatoxine-ramon. Am J Public Health 1926;16:1208-10.
Williamson ED, Eley SM, Griffin KF, Green M, Russell P, Leary SE, et al. A new improved sub-unit vaccine for plague: the basis of protection. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 1995;12(3 Suppl 4):223–30.
Amidon Seth, Brown Jack E, Dave Vivek S. Colon-targeted oral drug delivery systems: design trends and approaches. AAPS PharmSciTech 2015;16:731-41.
Sung YK, Kim SW. Recent advances in the development of gene delivery systems. S K Biomater Res 2019;23:8.
Arruebo Manuel, Fernandez Pacheco Rodrigo, Ibarra M Ricardo, Santamaria Jesus. Magnetic nanoparticles for drug delivery. Int J Nanomed 2007;2:22–32.
Seelig A, Gottschlich R, Devant RM. A method to determine the ability of drugs to diffuse through the blood-brain barrier. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;91:68-72.
Shaikh Rahamatullah, Thakur Raghu Raj Singh, Martin James Garland, A David Woolfson, Ryan F Donnelly. Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems. J Pharm BioAllied Sci 2011;3:89-100.
Michael I Ugwoke, Remigius U Agu, Norbert Verbeke, Renaat Kinget. Nasal mucoadhesive drug delivery: background, applications, trends and future perspectives. Adv Drug Delivery Rev 2005;57:1640–65.
McClements DJ, Decker EA, Weiss J. Emulsion-based delivery systems for lipophilic bioactive components. J Food Sci 2007;72:109-24.
Numata Keiji, Kaplan David L. Silk-based delivery systems of bioactive molecules. Adv Drug Delivery Rev 2010;62:1497–508.
Verma K Rajam, Divi Murali Krishna, Garg Sanjay. Formulation aspects in the development of osmotically controlled oral drug delivery systems. J Controlled Release 2002;79(1 Suppl 3):7-27.
Brahmankar DM, Jaiswal Sunil B. Biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics a treatise. Vallabh prakashan publishers; 2009. p. 440-7.
Kaur LP, Garg R, Gupta GD. Development and evaluation of topical gel of minoxidil from different polymer bases in application of alopecia. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2010;2:43-7.
Shingade GM, Aamer Quazi Sabale PM, Grampurohit ND, Gadhave MV, Jadhav SL, Gaikwad DD. Review on: recent trend on transdermal drug delivery system. J Drug Delivery Ther 2012;2:66-75.
Kala D, Nair CR Sudhakaran. In vivo evaluation of budesonide microspheres for colon specific drug delivery. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2016;8:159-65.
Krishna Sailaja A, Jyothika M. A review on microcapsules. CIB Tech J Pharm Sci 2015;4:26-33.
Jyoti, Kumar Sandeep. Innovative and novel strategy: microsponges for topical drug delivery. J Drug Delivery Ther 2018;8:28-34.
Madhav S, Gupta D. A review on microemulsion based system. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2011;2:1889-99.
Waghulea Tejashree, Singh Gautam, Dubeya Sunil Kumar, Pandeya Murali Monohar, Gupta Gaurav, Singh Mahaveer, et al. Microneedles: a smart approach and increasing potential for transdermal drug delivery system. J Bio Pharm 2019;109:1249–58.
Kumar BP, Chandiran IS, Bhavya B, Sindhuri M. Microparticulate drug delivery system: a review. Ind J Pharm Sci Res 2011;1:19-37.
Kumar Ritesh, Kamboj Surbhi, Chandra Amrish, Gautam PK, Sharma VK. Microballoons: an advance avenue for gastroretentive drug delivery system-a review. UK J Pharma Bio 2016;4:29-40.
Singh RP, Sarju Nasit, Sharma Anil, Singh SG, Khunt Sanket. Microchip for drug delivery system: a review. J Appl Pharm Sci 2011;1:7-11.
Nutan MTH, Reddy IK. General principles of suspensions. Pharma Suspen; 2009. p. 39-65.
Subrahmanyam CVS. Textbook of physical pharmaceutics. Vallabh prakashan publishers; 2012. p. 366-98.
Khan Barkat Ali, Akhtar Naveed, Khan HMS, Waseem Khalid, Mahmood Tariq, Rasul Akhtar, Iqbal Muhammad, et al. Basics of pharmaceutical emulsions: a review. Afr J Pharm Pharm 2011;5:2715-25.
Sarika SL, Namita NP, Vijay NR, Savita S. An update review on recent advancements in multiple emulsion. Int J Res Sci Inno 2018;5:90-6.
Sinha RP, Mitra SK, Roy PK. Liniment a. b. c. poisoning. J Indian Med Assoc 1967;48:278-9.
Shelke Usha Y, Mahajan Ashish A. Review on: an ointment. Int J Pharm Pharm Res 2015;4:170-92.
Rathod HJ, Mehta DP. A review on pharmaceutical gel. Act Sci Int J Pharm Sci 2015;1:33-47.
Enas MA. Hydrogel: preparation, characterization, and applications: a review. J Adv Res 2015;6:105-21.
Tomalia DA, Baker H, Dewald J, Hall M, Kallos G, Martin S, et al. A new class of polymers starburst-dendritic macromolecules. Polym J 1985;17:117-32.
Newkome GR, Yao ZQ, Baker GR, Gupta VK. Cascade molecules: a new approach to micelles. J Org Chem 2006;50:1985.
Landge DA, Shyale SS, Kadam SD, Shah DV, Katare YS, Pawar JB. Dendrimer: an innovative acceptable approach in novel drug delivery system. Pharm Int J 2014;5:24-34.
Patidar A, Thakur DS. Denderimer: potential carrier for drug delivery. Int J Pharm Sci Nanotech 2011;4:1383-9.
Priya P, Mand S, Jeyapragash R. Denderimer: a novel polymer. Int J Res Pharm Chem 2013;3:495-501.
Yiyun C, Zhenhua X, Minglu M, Tonguen X. Denderimers as drug carriers: applications in different routes of drug. J Pharm Sci 2008;97:123-43.
Vedha Hari BN, Kalaimangal K, Porkodi R, Gajula PK, Ajay JY. Denderimer: globular nanostructured material for drug delivery. Int J Pharm Tech Res 2012;4:432-51.
Agarwal Shweta, Murthy RSR, Kumar SL Hari, Garg Rajeev. Quality by design approach for development and characterisation of solid lipid nanoparticles of quetiapine fumarate. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2019;15. Doi:10.2174/1573409915666190722122827
Liggins RT, Burt HM. Polyether-polyester diblock copolymers for the preparation of paclitaxel loaded polymeric micelle formulations. Adv Drug Delivery Rev 2002;54:191-202.
Klumpp C, Kostarelos K, Prato M, Bianco A. Functionalized carbon nanotubes as emerging nanovectors for the delivery of therapeutics. Bio Biophys Act 2006;1758:404-12.
Talie MD, Wani AH, Ahmad N, Bhat MY, War JM. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using helvella leucopus pers. and their antimycotic activity against fungi causing fungal rot of apple. Asian J Phama Clin Res 2020;13:161-5.
Singh Deepanmol, Pahwa Shilpa. A review on physic-chemical parameters of liposomal doxorubicin. Int J Appl Pharma 2020;12:1-5.
Vyas SP, Khar RK. Targeted and controlled drug delivery. CBS publication; 2008. p. 173-248.
R Shobha. Text book of industrial pharmacy. Orient longman private ltd. Publishers; 2019. p. 97-110.
Sapiun Z, Imran AK, Wicita PS, Kamba V, Slamet NS. Preparation and characterization of anchovy (stolephorus sp) protein concentrate nanoparticles using gelation method. Int J Appl Pharma 2019;12:109-11.
Kaur Nirlep, Yadav Kiran, Grag Rajeev, Saroha Kamal, Yadav Deepak. Formulation and in vitro characterization of ketoconazole span 80 based transfersomes gel, its comparison with liposomal gel and evaluation of antimicrobial activity. J Bionanosci 2016;10:1-14.
Cevc G, Blume G. New, highly efficient formulation of diclofenac for the topical, transdermal administration in ultra-deformable drug carriers-transfersomes. Biochem Biophys Act 2001;1514:191-205.
Kaur N, Garg R, Devgan M, Singh A, Singh V. Ufasomes and transfersomes gel of oxiconazole: a comparative study. J Bionanosci 2017;11:194-202.
Verma P, Ram A, Jha AK, Mishra A, Thakur A. Phosphatidylcholine: a revolution in drug delivery technology. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2010;1:1-12.
Chien YW. Novel drug delivery systems. New York: Marcel Decker Inc; 1982. p. 149-215.
Nanda A, Nanda S, Dhall M, Rao R. Transferosomes–a novel ultra-deformable vesicular carrier for transdermal drug delivery. J Adv Pharm Tech Res 2005;5:395.
R Gref, A Domb, P Quellec, T Blunk, RH Mueller, JM Verbavatz, et al. The controlled intravenous delivery of drugs using PEG-coated sterically stabilized nanospheres. Adv Drug Delivery Syst 1995;16:215-33.
KS Soppimath, TM Aminabhavi, AR Kulkarni, WE Rudzinski. Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles as drug delivery devices. J Controlled Release 2001;70:1-20.
T Ameller, V Marsaud, P Legrand, R Gref, G Barratt, JM Renoir. Polyester-poly (ethylene glycol) nanoparticles loaded with the pure antiestrogen: physicochemical and opsonization properties. J Pharm Res 2003;20:1063-70.
GS Kwon. Diblock copolymer nanoparticles for drug delivery. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carr Syst 1998;15:481-512.
Mu L, Feng SS. A novel controlled release formulation for the anticancer drug paclitaxel (Taxol®): PLGA nanoparticles containing vitamin E TPGS. J Controlled Release 2003;80:33-48.
Zonghua L, Yanpeng J, Yifei W, Changren Z, Ziyong Z. Polysaccharides-based nanoparticles as a drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Delivery Rev 2008;60:1650-62.
Jung TW, Kamm A, Breitenbach E, Kaiserling, Xiao JX, Kissel T. Biodegradable nanoparticles for oral delivery of peptides: is there a role for polymers to affect mucosal uptake. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2000;50:147-60.
Illum L. Nanoparticulate systems for nasal delivery of drug: a real improvement over simple systems. J Pharm Sci 2007;86:473-83.
Raj Mohan VJ, Chen Y. Nanoparticles-a review. Trop J Pharm Res 2006;5:561-73.
M Antonietti, K Landfester. Polyreactions in miniemulsions. Prog Polym Sci 2002;27:689-757.
Asua JM. Miniemulsion polymerization. Prog Polym Sci 2002;27:1283-346.
P Couvreur, G Barratt, E Fattal, P legrand, C Vauthier. Nanocapsule technology: a review. Cri Rev Thera Drug Carr Syst 2002;19:99-134.
Muller RH, Mader K, Gohla S. Solid lipid nanoparticles for state of art. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2000;50:161-77.
P Ekambaram, A Abdul Hasan Sathali, K Priyanka. Solid lipid nanoparticles: a review. Sci Rev Chem Comm 2012;2:80-102.
Agarwal Shweta, Kumar SL Hari, Garg Rajeev. Investigative study on impact of solid: liquid lipid ratio and stabilizer amount on some characteristics of nanostructure lipid carriers of quetiapine fumarate. Int J Pharma Invest 2019;2:47-52.
Houli Li, Xiaobin Zhao, Yukun Ma, Guangxi Zhai, Ling Bing Li, Hong Xiang Lou. Enhancement of gastrointestinal absorption of quercetin by solid lipid nanoparticles. J Controlled Release 2009;133:238-44.
Melike Uner, Gulgun Yener. Importance of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) in various administration routes and future perspectives. Int J Nanomed 2007;2:289-300.
Iqbal MA, Shadab Md, Sahni Jasjeet Kaur, Baboota S, Dang S, Ali J. Nanostructured lipid carriers system: recent advances in drug delivery. J Drug Targeting 2012;20:813–30.
A Pardakhty, E Moazeni. Nano-niosomesin drug, vaccine and gene delivery: a rapid overview. J Nanomed 2013;1:1-12.
S Verma, SK Singh, N Syan, P Mathur, V Valecha. Nanoparticle vesicular systems: a versatile tool for drug delivery. J Chem Pharm Res 2010;2:496-509.
Tarekegn A. Niosomes in targeted drug delivery: some recent advances. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2010;1:1-8.
M Carafa, E Santucci, G Lucania. Lidocaine-loaded non-ionic surfactant vesicles: characterization and in vitro permeation studies. Int J Pharm 2002;231:21-32.
M Ferrari. Cancer nanotechnology: opportunities and challenges. Nat Rev Can 2005;5:161–71.
PS Xu, EA Van Kirk, YH Zhan, WJ Murdoch, M Radosz, YQ Shen. Targeted charge-reversal nanoparticles for nuclear drug delivery. Ang Chemie Int 2007;46:4999–5002.
CM Paleos, D Tsiourvas, Z Sideratou, L Tziveleka. Acid and salt-triggered multifunctional poly (propylene imine) dendrimer as a prospective drug delivery system. Biomacromolecules 2004;5:524–9.
ET Kisak, B Coldren, CA Evans, C Boyer, JA Zasadzinski. The vesosome-a multicompartment drug delivery vehicle. Curr Med Chem 2004;11:199–219.
W Wu, S Wieckowski, G Pastorin, M Benincasa, C Klumpp, JP Briand, et al. Targeted delivery of amphotericin B to cells by using functionalized carbon nanotubes. Ang Chem Int 2005;44:6358–62.
AK Salem, PC Searson, KW Leong. Multifunctional nanorods for gene delivery. Nat Mat 2003;2:668–71.
Paciotti GF, Myer L, Weinreich D, Goia D, Pavel N, McLaughlin RE, et al. Colloidal gold: a novel nanoparticle vector for tumor directed drug delivery. Drug Delivery 2004;11:169–83.
Paciotti GF, Kingston DGI, Tamarkin L. Colloidal gold nanoparticles: a novel nanoparticle platform for developing multifunctional tumor-targeted drug delivery vectors. Drug Delivery Res 2006;67:47–54.
Hong R, Han G, Fernandez JM, Kim BJ, Forbes NS, Rotello VM. Glutathione-mediated delivery and release using monolayer protected nanoparticle carriers. J Am Chem Soc 2006;128:1078–9.
Polizzi MA, Stasko NA, Schoenfisch MH. Water-soluble nitric oxide-releasing gold nanoparticles. Langmuir 2007;23:4938–43.
G Han, CC You, BJ Kim, RS Turingan, NS Forbes, CT Martin, et al. Light-regulated release of DNA and its delivery to nuclei by means of photolabile gold-nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed 2006;45:3165–9.
Marchuk K. Guo Y, Sun W, Vela J, Fang N. High precision tracking with non blinking qunatum dots resolve nanoscale vertical displacement. J Am Chem Soc 2012;134:6108–11.
Dahan M. Diffusion dynamics of glycine receptors revealed by single-quantum dot tracking. Science 2003;302:442–5.
Oldenburg SJ, Averitt RD, Westcott SL, Halas NJ. Nanoengineering of optical resonances. Chem Phys Lett 1998;288:243-7.
Gobin Andre M, O’Neal D Patrick, Watkins Daniel M, Halas Naomi J, Drezek Rebekah A, West Jennifer L. Near infrared laser-tissue welding using nanoshells as an exogenous absorber. Lasers Surg Med 2005;37:123-9.
Hirsch LR, Jackson JB, Lee A, Halas NJ, West JL. A whole blood immunoassay using gold nanoshells. Anal Chem 2003;75:2377-81.
Valentin N Popov. Carbon nanotubes: properties and application. Mater Sci Eng 2004;43:61-102.
Kaur Rajwant, Vatta Pooja, Kaur Mandeep. Carbon nanotubes: a review article. Int J Res Appl Sci Eng Tech 2018;6:5075-9.
Kalpna Varshney. Carbon nanotubes: a review on synthesis, properties and applications. Int J Eng Res Gen Sci 2014;2:660-77.
Jain NK. Pharmaceutical product development. 2nd ed. CBS publishers; 2013. p. 216-7.
Leon Lachman, Herbert A Lieberman. The theory and practice of industrial pharmacy; 1986. p. 619-39.
Touitou E, Alkabes M, Dayan N, Eliaz. Ethosomes-novel vesicular carriers for enhanced delivery: characterization and skin penetration properties. J Controlled Release 2000;65:403–18.
Jain S, Mishra D, A Kuksal, Tiwary AK. Vesicular approach for drug delivery into or across the skin: current status and future prospects. Int J Pharm 2006;69:251-8.
Kumar RT, Nitesh S, Chauhan Yogesh H. Ethosomes: potential carries for transdermal drug delivery. Int J Drug Delivery Res 2010;2:448-5.
Chandel Abhishek, Patil Vishal, Goyal Rohit, Dhamija Hitesh, Parasha Bharat. Ethosomes: a novel approach towards transdermal drug delivery. Int J Pharm Chem Sci 2012;1:2277-5005.
Syeda SS, Sailaja K. Ethosomes: a novel approach in the design of transdermal drug delivery system. Int J Med Pharm Res 2016;2:17-22.
Akiladevi, Sachinandan. Ethosomes a noninvasive approach for transdermal drug delivery. Int J Curr Pharm Res 2010;2:14.
Parmar Ramesh D, Parikh Rajesh K, Vidyasagar G, Patel Dhaval V, Patel Chirag, G Patel, Biraju D. Pulsatile drug delivery system: an overview. Int J Pharm Sci Nanotech 2009;2:227-34.
Sachin Survase, Neeraj Kumar. Pulsatile drug delivery: current scenario. CRIPS 2007;8:27-33.
Tomanek D. Modifying the bucky ball. Comp Mat Sci 1994;2:468-74.
D Lothar, Y Shangfeng. The recent state of endohedral fullerene research. Electrochem Soc Int Sum; 2006. p. 34-9.
Yamago S, Tokuyama H, Nakamura E, Kikuchi K, Kananishi S, Sueki K, et al. In vivo behavior of a water-miscible fullerene: 14C labeling. absorption, distribution, exretion and acute toxicity. J Chem Biol 1995;2:385.
Ali khan A, Mudassir J, Mohtar N, Drawis X. Advance drug delivery to the lymphatic system: lipid-based nanoformulations. Int J Nanomed 2013;8:2733-44.
Cai S, Yang Q, Bagby TR, Forrest ML. Lymphatic drug delivery using engineered liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles. Adv Drug Delivery Rev 2011;63(10 Suppl 11):901-8.
Winner B, Peipert JF, Zhao Q, Buckel C, Madden T, Allsworth JE, et al. Effectiveness of long-acting reversible contraception. N Eng J Med 2007;366:1998-2007.
Li Y, Zang SM, Chen F. A multi-center randomized controlled trial of intrauterine device used in chineses women. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Chinese) 2011;91:3172-5.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
