FORMULATION, EVALUATION, AND IN VIVO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITIES OF MORINGA GRANULES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2021v13i3.40478Keywords:
Moringa oleifera, Moringa granules, Organoleptic properties, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-arthriticAbstract
Objective: Consumption of crude natural products like plants and herbs for mitigation or treatment of illnesses usually accompanied with inconsistent therapeutic effects because of poor solubility and low bioavailability of active phytochemical(s) in addition to product instability. To overcome all of above mentioned drawback ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaf was formulated as standardised solid dosage form.
Methods: Different types of materials as an adsorbent, surfactant and other necessary excipients were tested to be use in formulation of Moringa granules utilising wet granulation method. The formulated Moringa granules was then evaluated for organoleptic properties and physical characteristics, in vitro dissolution test, compatibility, drug content, heavy metal tests and microbial limit tests. Additionally, the in vivo anti-inflammatory against Carrageenan-induced paw oedema and anti-arthritic activity against CFA-induced arthritis were also assessed.
Results: 95% ethanol extract of M. oleifera leaves was successfully formulated as standardised granules for oral administration utilising simple and low-cost techniques. Dissolution rate for the marker compounds was increased by an average of 1.076 fold. Animal groups given the prepared Moringa granules showed an improvement in the anti-inflammatory activity and the anti-arthritic activity compared to animal groups given crude extract at the same dose level. Additionally, all the treatment groups showed a significant difference at P<0.05 and P<0.01 compared to control group.
Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this work was the first to use gum Arabic in the formulation of a standardised botanical pharmaceutical dosage form of M. oleifera crude extract. Additionally, formulation of Moringa granules apparently improves the drug release profile and bioactivity compare to Crude Moringa extract.
Downloads
References
Monera PTG, Jani ZT, Maponga CC, Mudzengi J, Morse GD, Nhachi CFB. Quality and labeling information of Moringa oleifera products marketed for HIV-infected people in Zimbabwe. J Public Health Afr 2016;7:84-92.
Pahwa R, Kataria U, Rana AC, Rao R, Nanda S. Solid dispersion technology: recent advancements in the delivery of various phytoconstituents. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2015;6:510-24.
Favor CC. A review on the nutritive value of dilis (Encrasicholina oligobranchus, wongratana, 1983) powder and malungay (Moringa oleifera lam.) leaves powder, as potential food supplement. J Crit Rev 2020;7:1975-8.
Saavedra Y, Maden VDE. Opportunities for development of the Moringa sector in bangladesh: desk-based review of the moringa value chains in developing countries and end-markets in Europe; 2015. Available from: http://edepot.wur.nl/364740 [Last accessed on 05 Nov 2020]
Alsammarraie HJM, Khan NAK, Asmawi MZ, Mahmud R, Murugaiyah V. Preformulation, stress stability studies and HPLC-UV method development and validation for 95 % ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera lam. Leaves. Bull Fac Pharm Cairo Univ 2019;57:114-26.
USP37-NF32. United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary (USP 37-NF32, 2014), General tests and assays, Physical tests and determenations,<621>Chromatography; 2014.
British Pharmacopoeia, London, the stationary office; 2009. p. 3921-22.
Mahdi HJ, Khan NAK, Asmawi MZ, Mahmud R, Murugaiyah V. In vivo anti-arthritic and anti-nociceptive effects of ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaves on complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in rats. Integ Med Res 2018;7:85-94.
Nair V, Singh S, Gupta YK. Evaluation of disease modifying activity of Coriandrum sativum in experimental models. Indian J Med Res 2012;135:240-51.
Vijayalaxmi A, Bakshi V, Begum N. Anti-arthritic and anti inflammatory activity of beta caryophyllene against freund's complete adjuvant induced arthritis in wistar rats. Bone Rep Recom 2015;1 Suppl 2:1-10.
de Medinaceli L, Wyatt RJ, Freed WJ. Peripheral nerve reconnection: mechanical, thermal, and ionic conditions that promote the return of function. Exper Neurol 1983;81:469-87.
Heinze T, Liebert T. Celluloses and polyoses/hemicelluloses. In: Polymer science: a comprehensive reference. New York: Elsevier; 2012. p. 83-152.
Li L, Ni R, Shao Y, Mao S. Carrageenan and its applications in drug delivery. Carbo Poly 2014;103:1-11.
Srivalli KMR, Lakshmi PK. Overview of P-glycoprotein inhibitors: a rational outlook. Brazilian J Pharm Sci 2012;48:353-67.
Leone A, Spada A, Battezzati A, Schiraldi A, Aristil J, Bertoli S. Cultivation, genetic, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Moringa oleifera leaves: an overview. Int J Mol Sci 2015;16:12791-835
Iwu MM, Wootton JC. Advances in phytomedicine: ethnomedicine and drug discovery. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2002. p. 123-36.
Uphadek B, Shinkar DM, Patil PB, Saudagar RB. Moringa oleifera as a pharmaceutical excipient. Int J Curr Pharma Res 2018;10:13-6.
Chin CY, Jalil J, Ng PY, Ng SF. Development and formulation of Moringa oleifera standardised leaf extract film dressing for wound healing application. J Ethnopharm 2018;212:188-99.
Zheng Y, Zhu F, Lin D, Wu J, Zhou Y, Mark B. Optimization of formulation and processing of Moringa oleifera and Spirulina complex tablets. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017;24:122-6.
Mayo SA, Song YK, Cruz MR, Phan TM, Singh KV, Garsin DA, et al. Indomethacin injury to the rat small intestine is dependent upon biliary secretion and is associated with overgrowth of enterococci. Physiol Reports 2016;4:e12725.
Babiker R, Merghani TH, Elmusharaf K, Badi RM, Lang F, Saeed AM. Effects of gum arabic ingestion on body mass index and body fat percentage in healthy adult females: two-arm randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind trial. Nut J 2012;11:111-22.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
