HYDROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT IN ABU-ZAABAL AREA, EASTERN NILE DELTA, EGYPT

RAGAA EL-SHEIKH; IBRAHIM HEGAZY; EHAB ZAGHLOOL; MOHAMED E. A. ALI; AYMAN A. GOUDA

doi:10.22159/ijap.2021v13i6.42562

Authors

RAGAA EL-SHEIKH Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
IBRAHIM HEGAZY Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
EHAB ZAGHLOOL Hydrogeochemistry Department, Desert Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
MOHAMED E. A. ALI Hydrogeochemistry Department, Desert Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
AYMAN A. GOUDA Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2021v13i6.42562

Keywords:

Water resources, Hydrochemistry, Water quality indices

Abstract

Objective: The study presents simple tools for water resources quality classification based on its chemical compositions in Abu Zaabal area, eastern Nile Delta, Egypt and assess the water quality for different uses.

Methods: 31 water samples were collected from different water resources in the study area and analyzed for physicochemical parameters. Hydrochemical relations, contour maps and statistical methods were used to estimate the contamination indices and evaluate the water resources for different purposes.

Results: 83.3% of groundwater samples is fresh water and 16.7% are brackish water. 85.7% of surface water samples are fresh and 14.3% is saline. 92% of groundwater samples and 71.5% of surface water samples are very hard water. According to HPI values, 8% of the quaternary groundwater samples are good, 4% are poor, 4% are very poor and 84% of the samples are unsuitable. All groundwater samples and 71% of surface water samples are contaminated with respect to ammonia.

Conclusion: Higher concentrations of TDS and heavy metal may be due to the clay nature of the soil, the marine sediments in the aquifer matrix together with the dissolution and leaching of minerals from agricultural, anthropogenic and industrial activities. The groundwater in the polluted zones is considered unsuitable for human drinking.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Al-Shamaa IM, Ali BM. Hyrological relationship between surface and groundwater in badra-jassan basin. Iraqi J Sci. 2012;2:335-40.

Drain B, El-Baqar Drain B. System/Egypt environmental studies on water. Quality; 2009.

Geriesh MH, Balke KD, El-Rayes AE. Problems of drinking water treatment along Ismailia Canal Province, Egypt. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2008;9(3):232-42. doi: 10.1631/jzus.B0710634, PMID 18357626.

Khalil MK, Radwan A, El-Moselhy KM. Distribution of phosphorus fractions and some of the heavy metals in surface sediments of Burullus lagoon and the adjacent Mediterranean Sea. Egypt J Aquat Res. 2007;33:277-89.

Abbas M, Shakweer L. Effect of ecological and biological factors on the uptake and concentration of trace elements by aquatic organisms at Edku Lake. Egypt J Aquat Res. 2005;31:271-87.

Gupta NV, Hm N, G R. Validation of the water purification system. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2017;10(4):409-16. doi: 10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i4.16955.

Rashid I, Romshoo SA. Impact of anthropogenic activities on water quality of Lidder River in Kashmir Himalayas. Environ Monit Assess. 2013;185(6):4705-19. doi: 10.1007/s10661-012-2898-0, PMID 23001554.

Korany E, Abdel Aal M. Groundwater response in the urban sectors of Cairo environs, Egypt. In: Hydrological processes and water management in urban areas. International Symposium; 1988. p. 429-36.

El-Fakharany MA, Mansour NM, Yehia MM, Monem M. Evaluation of groundwater quality of the Quaternary aquifer through multivariate statistical techniques at the southeastern part of the Nile Delta, Egypt. Sustain Water Resour Manag. 2017;3(1):71-81. doi: 10.1007/s40899-017-0087-6.

Korany B, Brynen R, Noble P. The analysis of national security in the Arab context: restating state of the art. In: The many faces of national security in the Arab world Palgrave. London: Macmillan; 1993. p. 1-23.

Taha AA, Serag El-Din H, El-Hadad M. Hydrogeological situation of the area between ismailia canal and caro–ismailia desert road. J Environ Sci. 1997;14:147-79.

Pawlikowski M, Pająk L, Mazurek J, Eweida A, Mahmoud K. Wody geotermalne Zatoki Suezkiej (Egipt) i możliwości ich praktycznego wykorzystania. Gospod Surowcami Min. 1999;15:89-97.

Yehia MM. Environmental impacts of sewage irrigation water on groundwater quality of northeast Cairo, Egypt. Eur Res J. 2000;72:176-93.

El Fakharany MA, Mansour NM. Assessment of water resources quality at the southeastern part of the Nile Delta, Egypt. ICWCAR; 2009. p. 12-4.

Onken A, Sunderman HD. Colorimetric determinations of exchangeable ammonium, urea, nitrate, and nitrite in a single soil extract1,2. Agron J 1977;69(1):49-53. doi: 10.2134/agronj1977.00021962006900010013x.

Fishman MJ, Friedman LC, Chapter A. Methods for determination of inorganic substances in water and fluvial sediments. US Geol Surv. In: Open-file report, Denver, CO, USA. Bk. 5; 1985. p. 485-98.

Brar MS, Malhi SS, Singh AP, Arora CL, Gill KS. Sewage water irrigation effects on some potentially toxic trace elements in soil and potato plants in northwestern India. Can J Soil Sci. 2000;80(3):465-71. doi: 10.4141/S99-106.

APHA (American Public Health Association). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 21st ed. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association; 2005.

Appelo A, Postma D. Geochemistry, groundwater and pollution. 2nd ed. Balkama, Rotterdam; 2005.

Ragunath HM. Groundwater. New Delhi: Wiley Eastern Ltd; 1987. p. 563-69.

Horton RK. An index number system for rating water quality. J (Water Pollut Control Fed). 1965;37:300-6.

Mohan S, Nithila P, Reddy S. Estimation of heavy metal in drinking water and development of heavy metal pollution index. J Environ Sci Health. 1996;31:283-9.

Spalding RF, Exner ME. Occurrence of nitrate in groundwater- a review. J Environ Qual. 1993;22(3):392-402. doi: 10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200030002x.

Kumar GVSRP, Sanand VS, Kumar NS, Murthy BS. Assessment of water quality of Thatipudi reservoir of vizianagaram distrinct of Andhra Pradesh. Innovare J Sci. 2013;1:20-4.

Doneen LD. Notes on water quality in agriculture. Water science and engineering. Department of Water Sciences and Engineering, University of California; 1964. p. 4001.

Ayers RS, Westcot DW. Water quality for agriculture. Rome: food and agriculture organization of United Nations; 1985. p. 174.

Khodapanah L, Sulaiman WNA, Khodapanah N. Groundwater quality assessment for different purposes in Eshteharddistrict, Tehran, Iran. Eur J Sci Res. 2009;36:543-53.

Paliwal KV. Irrigation with saline water. ICARI Monograph No. 2 (New Series). New Delhi; 1972. p. 198.

Egyptian Higher Committee for Water. Water quality guidelines for human drinking, domestic and laundry uses. Egypt; 2007.

World Health Organization (WHO). Guidelines for drinking water quality, 4thed. Geneva; 2011. p. 924-78.

El-Sayed MH, El-Aassar AM, El-Fadl MA, El-Gawad AM. Hydro-geochemistry and pollution problems in 10th of Ramadan City, East El-Delta, Egypt. JASR. 2012;4:1959-72.

Taha A, El-Mahmoudi A, El-Haddad I. Pollution sources and related environmental impacts in the new communities southeast Nile Delta, Egypt. EJER. 2004;9:35-49.

Goher ME, Hassan AM, Abdel-Moniem IA, Fahmy AH, El-sayed SM. Evaluation of surface water quality and heavy metal indices of Ismailia Canal, Nile River, Egypt. Egypt J Aquat Res. 2014;40(3):225-33. doi: 10.1016/j.ejar.2014.09.001.

Nikanorov AM, Brazhnikova LV. Types and properties of water II: Water chemical composition of rivers. Lakes Wetlands. 2009;2:42-80.

Islam MJ, Hossain AM, Rahman MS, Khandoker MH, Zahan MN. Hydrogeochemistry and usability of groundwater at the Tista river basin in Northern Bangladesh. IJST. 2019;12(47):1-12. doi: 10.17485/ijst/2019/v12i47/147961.

El-Rawy M, Ismail E, Abdalla O. Assessment of groundwater quality using GIS, hydrogeochemistry, and statistical factor analysis in Qena governorate, Egypt. Desalin Water Treat. 2019;162:14-29. doi: 10.5004/dwt.2019.24423.

Lewis WM, Morris DP. Toxicity of Nitrite to Fish: A Review. Trans Am Fish Soc. 1986;115(2):183-95. doi: 10.1577/1548-8659(1986)115<183:TONTF>2.0.CO;2.

Ramesh K, Jagadeeswari BP. Hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater for domestic and irrigation purposes in Periyakulam taluk of Theni district, Tamil nadu. Int Res J Environ Sci. 2012;1:19-27.

McLay CDA, Dragten R, Sparling G, Selvarajah N. Predicting groundwater nitrate concentrations in a region of mixed agricultural land use: a comparison of three approaches. Environ Pollut. 2001;115(2):191-204. doi: 10.1016/s0269-7491(01)00111-7, PMID 11706792.

World Health Organization (WHO). WHO guidelines for drinking-water Quality. Chromium in Drinking-Water; 2003.

College of Agriculture sciences. Irrigation water quality. Pennsylvania State Univ. Ersity USA; 2002.

El Behairy RA, El Baroudy AA, Ibrahim MM, Shokr MS. Assessment and mapping of surface water quality index for irrigation purpose: case study northwest of Nile Delta, Egypt. Menoufia J Soil Sci. 2021;6(5):163-82. doi: 10.21608/ mjss.2021.182346.