THE EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF CAPSULE WITH A COMBINATION OF MOMORDICA CHARANTIA FRUIT AND MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAVES EXTRACT ON THE BIOMARKER OF LIVER AND RENAL FUNCTION IN THE LIMITED HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS

FAHRUN NUR ROSYID; HARYOTO; BETI KRISTINAWATI; AHMAD FADHLUR RAHMAN

doi:10.22159/ijap.2024v16s5.52468

Authors

FAHRUN NUR ROSYID Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8300-8996
HARYOTO Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, Indonesia
BETI KRISTINAWATI Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, Indonesia
AHMAD FADHLUR RAHMAN School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3107-3435

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2024v16s5.52468

Keywords:

Momordica charantia, Moringa oleifera, Liver function test, Renal function test

Abstract

Objective: This study examined the supplementation of the capsule with a combination of Momordica Charantia Fruit (MCF) and Moringa Oleifera Leaves (MOL) extract on the biomarkers of liver and renal function in limited healthy volunteers.

Methods: This study used a nonrandom test. 78 healthy volunteers were given 2 x 1000 grams of the capsules of MCF and MOL extract. This intervention was conducted for 30 days. The levels of GOT/AST, GPT/ALT, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, urea, and creatinine were measured at baseline and at the end of treatment. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and Wilcoxon sign test with a significant limit of P ≤ 0.05.

Results: This study showed a significant decrease in GOT/AST (P = 0.001), GPT/ALT (P = 0.001), Alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.007), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (P = 0.002), urea (P = 0.009) and creatinine (P = 0.002).

Conclusion: These findings indicated that supplementation of the capsule with a combination of MCF and MOL extract had a positive impact on liver and renal function biomarkers in limited healthy volunteers. This study contributes towards the extension of understanding the potential health benefits of supplementation of the capsule with the combination of MCF and MOL extract.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

. Bortolotti M, Mercatelli D., and Polito L., “Momordica charantia, a nutraceutical approach for inflammatory related diseases,” Front. Pharmacol., vol. 10, no. MAY, pp. 1–9, 2019, doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00486.

.. Saeed F. et al., “Bitter melon (Momordica charantia): A natural healthy vegetable,” Int. J. Food Prop., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 1270–1290, 2018, doi: 10.1080/10942912.2018.1446023.

. Oyelere S. F. et al., “A detailed review on the phytochemical profiles and anti-diabetic mechanisms of Momordica charantia,” Heliyon, vol. 8, no. 4, p. e09253, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09253.

. Zhang F, Zhang X, Yu J., Tan Y., Guo P., and Wu C., “The gut microbiota confers the lipid-lowering effect of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) In high-fat diet (HFD)-Induced hyperlipidemic mice,” Biomed. Pharmacother., vol. 131, no. May, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110667.

. Yan J.-K, Wu L.-X, Qiao Z.-R, W.-D. Cai, and H. Ma, “Effect of different drying methods on the product quality and bioactive polysaccharides of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) slices,” Food Chem., vol. 271, pp. 588–596, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.012.

. Jia S, Shen M, Zhang F, and J. Xie, “Recent advances in momordica charantia: Functional components and biological activities,” Int. J. Mol. Sci., vol. 18, no. 12, 2017, doi: 10.3390/ijms18122555.

. Han J. H et al., “Cucurbitane Triterpenoids from the Fruits of Momordica Charantia Improve Insulin Sensitivity and Glucose Homeostasis in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice,” Mol. Nutr. Food Res., vol. 62, no. 7, pp. 1–11, 2018, doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201700769.

. Basch E, Gabardi S, and Ulbricht, “Bitter melon (Momordica charantia): A review of efficacy and safety,” Am. J. Heal. Pharm., vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 356–359, Feb. 2003, doi: 10.1093/ajhp/60.4.356.

. Mejia L. A et al., “A 13-week dietary toxicity study in rats of a Napin-Rich Canola Protein Isolate,” Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol., vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 394–402, 2009, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2009.09.008.

. Pamungkas A. R and Indrayudha, “Aktivitas Sitotoksik Ekstrak Etanol, Fraksi Etanol-Air, Etil Asetat serta N-Heksana Buah Pare (Momordica charantia) pada Sel MCF-7 secara In-Vitro,” Pharmacon J. Farm. Indones., vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 73–82, 2019, doi: 10.23917/pharmacon.v16i2.9049.

. Sagor A. T, Chowdhury, Tabassum, Hossain, Rahman, and Alam, “Supplementation of fresh ucche (Momordica charantia L. var. muricata Willd) prevented oxidative stress, fibrosis and hepatic damage in CCl4 treated rats,” BMC Complement. Altern. Med., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2015, doi: 10.1186/s12906-015-0636-1.

. Choudhary S. K, Chhabra G, Sharma D, A. Vashishta, S. Ohri, and A. Dixit, “Comprehensive Evaluation of Anti-hyperglycemic Activity of Fractionated Momordica charantia Seed Extract in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats,” Evidence-Based Complement. Altern. Med., vol. 2012, p. 293650, 2012, doi: 10.1155/2012/293650.

. Mardani S, Nasri H, S. Hajian, A. Ahmadi, R. Kazemi, and M. Rafieian-Kopaei, “Impact of momordica charantia extract on kidney function and structure in mice,” J. Nephropathol., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 35–40, 2014, doi: 10.12860/jnp.2014.08.

. Bhattacharya A, Tiwari P, P. K. Sahu, and S. Kumar, “A Review of the Phytochemical and Pharmacological Characteristics of Moringa oleifera.,” J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci., vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 181–191, 2018, doi: 10.4103/JPBS.JPBS_126_18.

. Vergara-Jimenez M, Almatrafi M.M, and Fernandez M.L, “Bioactive Components in Moringa Oleifera Leaves Protect against Chronic Disease.,” Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), vol. 6, no. 4, Nov. 2017, doi: 10.3390/antiox6040091.

. Helal F. I. S., El-Badawi A. Y., I. El-Wardany, N. G. M. Ali, and O. M. Aboelazab, “Effect of dietary moringa (Moringa oleifera) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) leaves or their mixture on productive performance, carcass characteristics and antioxidant enzymes of rabbits reared under heat stress conditions,” Agric. Eng. Int. CIGR J., vol. 2017, pp. 184–192, 2017.

. El Shanawany E. E., Fouad, H E. Keshta A. G, S. E. Hassan, Hegazi, and Abdel-Rahman, “Immunomodulatory effects of Moringa oleifera leaves aqueous extract in sheep naturally co-infected with Fasciola gigantica and Clostridium novyi.,” J. Parasit. Dis. Off. organ Indian Soc. Parasitol., vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 583–591, Dec. 2019, doi: 10.1007/s12639-019-01130-6.

. Abd-Elhakim Y. M, El Bohi K. M, Hassan S. K, El Sayed S, and Abd-Elmotal S. M, “Palliative effects of Moringa olifera ethanolic extract on hemato-immunologic impacts of melamine in rats,” Food Chem. Toxicol., vol. 114, pp. 1–10, 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2018.02.020.

. Obembe O. O and Raji Y, “Effects of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera seed on cadmium-induced reproductive toxicity in male Wistar rats.,” Afr. Health Sci., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 653–663, Sep. 2018, doi: 10.4314/ahs.v18i3.23.

. Mthiyane F. T et al., “A Review on the Antidiabetic Properties of Moringa oleifera Extracts: Focusing on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation as Main Therapeutic Targets,” Front. Pharmacol., vol. 13, no. July, pp. 1–17, 2022, doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.940572.

. Al-Ghanayem A. A, Alhussaini M. S, Asad M, and Joseph B, “Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract on Excision Wound Infections in Rats: Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Gene Expression Analysis.,” Molecules, vol. 27, no. 14, Jul. 2022, doi: 10.3390/molecules27144481.

. Mohammad Shafie N, Raja Shahriman Shah R. N. I, Krishnan, Abdul Haleem, and T. Y. C. Tan, “Scoping Review: Evaluation of Moringa oleifera (Lam.) for Potential Wound Healing in In Vivo Studies.,” Molecules, vol. 27, no. 17, Aug. 2022, doi: 10.3390/molecules27175541.

. Syahruni R, Umar A. H, and Asnar N. H, “Karakterisasi Tiga Tumbuhan Obat Antihiperkolesterolemia dengan Pendekatan Berbasis Profil Anatomi, Histokimia, dan Fitokimia,” Pharmacon J. Farm. Indones., vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 176–186, 2022, doi: 10.23917/pharmacon.v19i2.19467.

. Samodra G, Alfathani N. F., and Octaviani P, “Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Kombinasi Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) dan Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera L) dengan Metode DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrayl),” Pharmacon J. Farm. Indones., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 19–26, 2023, doi: 10.23917/pharmacon.v20i1.22293.

. Iswandana R, Lestari D. A. T, and Sutriyo, “Combination of HPMC and PEG 400 as a taste masking agent of film-coated tablets containing Momordica charantia Linn. extract,” Int. J. Appl. Pharm., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 8–12, 2018, doi: 10.22159/ijap.2018v10i3.24025.

. Melebary S. J and Elnaggar M. H. R, “Impact of Moringa oleifera leaf extract in reducing the effect of lead acetate toxicity in mice,” Saudi J. Biol. Sci., vol. 30, no. 1, p. 103507, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103507.

. Abou-Zeid S. M et al., “Moringa oleifera ethanolic extract attenuates tilmicosin-induced renal damage in male rats via suppression of oxidative stress, inflammatory injury, and intermediate filament proteins mRNA expression,” Biomed. Pharmacother., vol. 133, no. October 2020, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110997.

. Khalil S. R, El Bohi K. M, Khater, A. H. Abd El-fattah, F. A. Mahmoud, and M. R. Farag, “Moringa oleifera leaves ethanolic extract influences DNA damage signaling pathways to protect liver tissue from cobalt -triggered apoptosis in rats,” Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., vol. 200, p. 110716, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110716.

. Mansour M. F et al., “Moringa oleifera leaves extract ameliorates melamine-induced testicular toxicity in rats,” Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 47–54, 2020, doi: 10.17582/journal.aavs/2020/8.s1.47.54.

. Soliman M. M, Aldhahrani A, Alkhedaide A, Nassan M. A, Althobaiti, and Mohamed, “The ameliorative impacts of Moringa oleifera leaf extract against oxidative stress and methotrexate-induced hepato-renal dysfunction,” Biomed. Pharmacother., vol. 128, no. May, p. 110259, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110259.

. Qamar H, S. Rehman, and D. K. Chauhan, “Current Status and Future Perspective for Research on Medicinal Plants with Anticancerous Activity and Minimum Cytotoxic Value.,” Curr. Drug Targets, vol. 20, no. 12, pp. 1227–1243, 2019, doi: 10.2174/1389450120666190429120314.

. Ouédraogo M et al., “Protective effect of Moringa oleifera leaves against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rabbits.,” Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. Off. J. Gesellschaft fur Toxikologische Pathol., vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 335–339, Mar. 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.etp.2011.11.006.

. Deshmukh N. S, “Safety assessment of McB-E60 (extract of a Momordica sp.): Subchronic toxicity study in rats,” Toxicol. Reports, vol. 3, pp. 481–489, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.05.006.

. Akorede G. J et al., “Mitigative potentials of methanol leaf extract of Moringa oleifera on chronic carbamazepine-induced haemo-biochemical and thyrotoxicity in male Wistar rats,” Pharmacol. Res. - Mod. Chinese Med., vol. 2, no. December 2021, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2022.100055.

. Asgari-Kafrani A, Fazilati M, and Nazem H, “Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of aerial parts of Moringa oleifera in prevention of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Wistar rats,” South African J. Bot., vol. 129, pp. 82–90, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2019.01.014.

. Usman A, Kawu M. U, Shittu, Saleh, and Bilbonga, “Comparative effects of Moringa oleifera and ascorbic acid on biochemical changes induced by subchronic lead toxicity in male Wistar rats.,” Pharmacol. Res. - Mod. Chinese Med., vol. 4, no. June, p. 100140, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2022.100140.

. Akyüz E, Türkoğlu S, Sözgen Başkan K, Tütem E, and Apak M. R, “Comparison of antioxidant capacities and antioxidant components of commercial bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) products,” Turkish J. Chem., vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 1663–1673, 2020, doi: 10.3906/kim-2007-67.

. Wu S, Huang C, Chen Y, Huang H, Huang W, and Lai Y. H, “Momordica charantia leaf extract reduces hepatic lipid accumulation and diet-induced dyslipidemia in zebrafish through lipogenesis and beta-oxidation,” J. Funct. Foods, vol. 87, p. 104857, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104857.

. Offor U, Naidu E. C, Ogedengbe O. O, Jegede A. I, Peter A. I, and Azu O. O, “Nephrotoxicity and highly active antiretroviral therapy: Mitigating action of Momordica charantia,” Toxicol. Reports, vol. 5, no. February, pp. 1153–1160, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.09.003.

. Wardana M. S, Jufri M, and Mun’im A, “Physicochemical Properties and Nutrition of Moringa Oleifera Lam. Leaf Extract: a Preliminary Study on Preparation Phytosomes As Herbal Supplement for Children,” Int. J. Appl. Pharm., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 281–287, 2022, doi: 10.22159/ijap.2022v14i1.43477.

. Muhaimin M, Chaerunisaa A, Rostinawati T, Amalia E, Hazrina A, and Nurhasanah S, “a Review on Nanoparticles of Moringa Oleifera Extract: Preparation, Characterization, and Activity,” Int. J. Appl. Pharm., vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 43–51, 2023, doi: 10.22159/ijap.2023v15i4.47709.

. Cortez-Navarrete M, Martínez-Abundis E, Pérez-Rubio K, González-Ortiz M, and Méndez-Del Villar M, “Momordica charantia administration improves insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes mellitus,” J. Med. Food, vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 672–677, 2018, doi: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0114.

. Nakata H et al., “Does Moringa Oleifera affect element accumulation patterns and lead toxicity in Sprague–Dawley rats?,” J. Funct. Foods, vol. 97, no. September, p. 105242, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105242.

. Oguntibeju O. O, Aboua G. Y, and Omodanisi E. I, “Effects of Moringa oleifera on oxidative stress, apoptotic and inflammatory biomarkers in streptozotocin-induced diabetic animal model,” South African J. Bot., vol. 129, pp. 354–365, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2019.08.039.