CHARACTERIZATION OF ISOLATED CRYSTALS FROM MANGROVE LEAVES (AVICENNIA MARINA AND SONNERATIA ALBA) AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

Authors

  • LINA PERMATASARI 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Study Program of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mataram, Mataram-83115, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4214-9124
  • HANDA MULIASARI Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Study Program of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mataram, Mataram-83115, Indonesia
  • FANIA RAHMAN Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Study Program of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mataram, Mataram-83115, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2024v16s5.52480

Keywords:

Avicennia marina, Sonneratia alba, Mangroves, Staphylococcus aureus, Isolated crystal, Antibacterial activity

Abstract

Objective: The study aimed to characterize the isolated crystal of Avicennia marina (A. marina) and Sonneratia alba (S. alba) leaves and identify the antibacterial activity of their isolated crystal.

Methods: Each of the leaves A. marina and S. alba was extracted using ethanol 96%, then fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction method using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The crystal of the isolated crystal was found in the water fraction. The isolated crystals were characterized using Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) Spectroscopy and identified the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) using the diffusion method.

Results: The FT-IR spectrum showed that the isolated crystal was a polysaccharide structure with vibrations in the O-H, C=O, C-O, C-H, and S=O bonds. The SEM-EDX spectrum revealed the high-level content of carbon and oxygen, with sulfuryl group proposing the sulfated polysaccharide compound. Water fraction of A. marina and S. alba have inhibition zones 16 mm and 10 mm, respectively. The results showed the water fraction of A. marina and S. alba have strong and moderate antibacterial activity, respectively. Meanwhile, the antibacterial activity of the isolated crystal was none. The isolated crystal was estimated a sulfated polysaccharide but was not pure. So that the antibacterial activity was not detected.

Conclusion: Even though, the water fraction of A. marina and S. alba leaves can be developed as antibacterial promising.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abeysinghe PD. Antibacterial activity of some medicinal mangroves against antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2010;72(2):167-72. doi: 10.4103/0250-474X.65019, PMID 20838519.

Lee YS, Lee DY, Kim YB, Lee SW, Cha SW, Park HW. The mechanism underlying the antibacterial activity of shikonin against methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015 Jul 21;2015(7):520578. doi: 10.1155/2015/520578, PMID 26265924.

Sahoo G, Mulla NS, Ansari ZA, Mohandass C. Antibacterial activity of mangrove leaf extracts against human pathogens. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2012;74(4):348-51. doi: 10.4103/0250-474X.107068, PMID 23626390.

Tresiana N, Duadji N, Febryano IG, Zenitha SA. Saving mangrove forest extinction in urban areas: will government interventions help. Int J Sustain Dev Plan. 2022 Apr 26;17(2):375-84. doi: 10.18280/ijsdp.170203.

Giesen W, Wulfraat S, Zieren M, Scholten L. Mangrove guidebook for southeast Asia. In: Rome: food and agriculture organization regional office for Asia and the pacific (RAP). 1st ed.; 2017. Available from: https://www.fao.org/3/ag132e/ag132e00.pdf [Last accessed on 05 Jan 2023]

Saranraj P. Mangrove medicinal plants: a review. Am Eurasian J Toxicol Sci. 2015 Jan 1;7:146-56.

Al Mur BA. Biological activities of Avicennia marina roots and leaves regarding their chemical constituents. Arab J Sci Eng. 2021 Jan 6;46(6):5407-19. doi: 10.1007/s13369-020-05272-1.

Behbahani BA, Yazdi FT, Shahidi F, Riazi F. Antifungal effect of the aqueous and ethanolic avicennia marina extracts on alternaria citri and penicillium digitatum. Zahedan J Res Med Sci. 2016 Feb 20;18(2):e5992. doi: 10.17795/zjrms-5992.

Das L, Bhaumik E, Raychaudhuri U, Chakraborty R. Role of nutraceuticals in human health. J Food Sci Technol. 2012 Apr 1;49(2):173-83. doi: 10.1007/s13197-011-0269-4, PMID 23572839.

Kaur N, Kumar V, Nayak SK, Wadhwa P, Kaur P, Sahu SK. Alpha amylase as molecular target for treatment of diabetes mellitus: a comprehensive review. Chem Biol Drug Des. 2021;98(4):539-60. doi: 10.1111/cbdd.13909, PMID 34173346.

Okla MK, Alatar AA, Al amri SS, Soufan WH, Ahmad A, Abdel Maksoud MA. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of the extracts of different parts of avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. Plants (Basel). 2021 Jan 28;10(2):1-14. doi: 10.3390/plants10020252, PMID 33525519.

Wijaya MD, Indraningrat AA. Antibacterial activity of mangrove root extracts from ngurah rai mangrove forest denpasar bali. Biomednatproch. 2021 Oct 21;10(2):117-21. doi: 10.14421/biomedich.2021.102.117-121.

Rahmania N. Phytochemical test of mangrove Avicennia alba Rhizophora apiculata and Sonneratia alba from musi river estuary south sumatera. Biovalenta Biol Research J. 2018;4(2):8-15. doi: 10.24233/biov.4.2.2018.116.

Thatoi H, Samantaray D, Das SK. The genus avicennia a pioneer group of dominant mangrove plant species with potential medicinal values: a review. Front Life Sci. 2016 Oct;9(4):267-91. doi: 10.1080/21553769.2016.1235619.

Syahidah SN, Subekti N. Biological activity of mangrove leaves extract (Rhizophora sp.). IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environ Sci. 2019 May 1;270(1):1-8. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/270/1/012051.

Muhaimin M. Lati Fahlati Fah N Chaerunnisa AY, Amalia E, Rostinawati T. Preparation and characterization of Sonneratia alba leaf extract microcapsules by solvent evaporation technique. Int J Appl Pharm. 2022;14(6):77-82.

Trivedi H, Puranik PK. Antibacterial activity of chlorogenic acid phytovesicles against resistant bacteria: development optimization and evaluation. Int J App Pharm. 2022;14(1):83-92. doi: 10.22159/ijap.2022v14i1.43422.

Essa HL, Guirguis HA, El Sayed MM, Rifaat D, Abdelfattah MS. Ultrasonically-extracted marine polysaccharides as potential green antioxidant alternatives. Proceedings. 2020 Nov 9;67(1):23. doi: 10.3390/ASEC2020-07606.

Latief M, Utami A, Amanda H, Muhaimin AZ, Afifah Z. Antioxidant activity of isolated compound from perepat roots (Sonneratia alba). J Phys: Conf Ser. 2019 Jul;1282(1):1-7. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1282/1/012088.

Harizon PB, Pujiastuti B, Kurnia D, Sumiarsa D, Shiono Y, Supratman U. Antibacterial triterpenoids from the bark of Sonneratia alba (Lythraceae). Nat Prod Commun. 2015 Feb 1;10(2):277-80. doi: 10.1177/1934578X1501000215, PMID 25920260.

Musa WJ, Bialangi N, Situmeang B, Silaban S. Triterpenoid compound from metanol extract of mangrove leaves (Sonneratia alba) and anti-cholesterol activity test. JPKim. 2019 Apr 30;11(1):18-23. doi: 10.24114/jpkim.v11i1.13124.

Wang Q, Zhou X, Gou H, Chang H, Lan J, Li J. Antibacterial activity of a polysaccharide isolated from artemisia argyi leaf against staphylococcus aureus and mechanism investigation. Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 Dec 31;253(1):126636. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126636, PMID 37657565.

Mao JW, Yin J, GE Q, Jiang ZL, Gong JY. In vitro antioxidant activities of polysaccharides extracted from moso bamboo leaf. Int J Biol Macromol. 2013 Jan 7;55(1):1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.12.027, PMID 23305703.

Kondakova AN, Senchenkova SN, Gremyakov AI, Shashkov AS, Knirel YA, Fudala R. Structure of the o-polysaccharide of proteus mirabilis o38 containing 2-acetamidoethyl phosphate and n-linked d-aspartic acid. Carbohydr Res. 2003 Oct 31;338(22):2387-92. doi: 10.1016/j.carres.2003.07.001, PMID 14572723.

Bandyopadhyay PK, Nayak AK. Thiolation of fenugreek seed polysaccharide; utilization as a novel biomucoadhesive agent in drug delivery. Int J App Pharm. 2023 Jan 7;15(1):290-7. doi: 10.22159/ijap.2023v15i1.46459.

Qian S, Fang X, Dan D, Diao E, LU Z. Ultrasonic assisted enzymatic extraction of a water-soluble polysaccharide from dragon fruit peel and its antioxidant activity. RSC Adv. 2018;8(73):42145-52. doi: 10.1039/c8ra06449k, PMID 35558788.

Badrinathan S, Shiju TM, Sharon Christa AS, Arya R, Pragasam V. Purification and structural characterization of sulfated polysaccharide from sargassum myriocystum and its efficacy in scavenging free radicals. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2012;74(6):549-55. doi: 10.4103/0250-474X.110600, PMID 23798781.

Kolodziejczak Radzimska A, Bielejewski M, Biadasz A, Jesionowski T. Evaluation of MxOy/fucoidan hybrid system and their application in lipase immobilization process. Sci Rep. 2022 May 4;12(1):7218. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-11319-0, PMID 35508694.

Olasehinde TA, Mabinya LV, Olaniran AO, Okoh AI. Chemical characterization of sulfated polysaccharides from Gracilaria gracilis and Ulva lactuca and their radical scavenging metal chelating and cholinesterase inhibitory activities. Int J Food Prop. 2019 Jan 1;22(1):100-10. doi: 10.1080/10942912.2019.1573831.

Davis WW, Stout TR. Disc plate method of microbiological antibiotic assay I factors influencing variability and error. Appl Microbiol. 1971 Oct;22(4):659-65. doi: 10.1128/am.22.4.659-665.1971, PMID 5002143.

Annas ZF, Muliasari H, Deccati RF, Permatasari L, Mukhlishah NR. Determination of total flavonoid content of extract and fractions of mangrove leaves (Avicennia marina). J Agro Ummat. 2023 Aug 25;10(3):271-82. doi: 10.31764/jau.v10i3.16596.

Published

15-10-2024

How to Cite

PERMATASARI, L., MULIASARI, H., & RAHMAN, F. (2024). CHARACTERIZATION OF ISOLATED CRYSTALS FROM MANGROVE LEAVES (AVICENNIA MARINA AND SONNERATIA ALBA) AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 16(5), 77–82. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2024v16s5.52480

Issue

Section

Original Article(s)