CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE DETERMINANTS OF MEDICATION ADHERENCE IN PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2020v12i3.38325Keywords:
Cognitive impairment, Disability, Mental illness, Medication NON-adherence, ForgetfulnessAbstract
Objective: Medication adherence is a prominent issue in the general population; therefore, due to the nature of dementia, the risk of medication no adherence is even greater. Furthermore, there have been discrepancies regarding the impact of specific determinants on medication adherence as previous literature has cited conflicting information. This review aimed to identify the potential causative relationship of dementia that may result in medication non-adherence.
Methods: A meta-analysis of (15 primary research papers) was conducted to identify and assess the specific themes and determinants related to non-adherence, and their impact on medication adherence in those who were cognitively impaired.
Results: Four domains were established or developed upon review and risk of bias and risk of the summary table were created. A critical review undertaken to analyse various papers and their respective findings. Through the data analysis it was found that common themes could be established, such as Cognitive impairment, Disability, Mental illness and occasional forgetfulness to take their medication. The impact of each domain was expressed e. g. the predominant role of executive function and memory as well as non-adherence leading to delusional or suspicious thoughts.
Conclusion: The findings align with current literature. The caregiver aspect needs to be addressed more thoroughly and more investigations are required such as identifying underlying factors that may potentially result in influence.
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References
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19. Ettenhofer ML, Hinkin CH, Castellon SA, Durvasula R, Ullman J, Lam M, et al. Aging, neurocognition, and medication adherence in hiv infection. Am J Geriatric Psychiatry 2009;17:281–90.
20. Thiruchselvam T, Naglie G, Moineddin R, Charles J, Orlando L, Jaglal S, et al. Risk factors for medication nonadherence in older adults with cognitive impairment who live alone. Int J Geriatric Psychiatry 2012;27:1275–82.
21. Hayes TL, Larimer N, Adami A, Kaye JA. Medication adherence in healthy elders. J Aging Health 2009;21:567–80.
22. Rovner BW, Casten RJ. Health beliefs and medication adherence in black patients with diabetes and mild cognitive impairment. Am J Geriatric Psychiatry 2018;26:812–6.
23. Sirey JA, Greenfield A, Weinberger MI, Bruce ML. Medication beliefs and self-reported adherence among community-dwelling older adults. Clin Thera 2013;35:153–60.
24. Dolansky MA, Hawkins MAW, Schaefer JT, Sattar A, Gunstad J, Redle JD, et al. Association between poorer cognitive function and reduced objectively monitored medication adherence in patients with heart failure. Circulation: Heart Failure 9; 2016.
25. Foebel AD, Hirdes JP, Heckman G. Caregiver status affects medication adherence among older home care clients with heart failure; 2012. Available from: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Caregiver-status-affects-medication-adherence-among-Foebel-Hirdes/d446fcf834fa5b3911c67d8b43eb32b6a43164d2 [Last accessed on 22 Oct 2019]
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27. Jeste SD, Patterson TL, Palmer BW, Dolder CR, Goldman S, Jeste DV. Cognitive predictors of medication adherence among middle-aged and older outpatients with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Res 2003;63:49–58.
28. Stilley CS, Bender CM, Dunbar Jacob J, Sereika S, Ryan CM. The impact of cognitive function on medication management: three studies. Health Psychol: Official J Division Health Psychol Am Psychological Association 2010;29:50–5.
29. Insel K, Morrow D, Brewer B, Figueredo A. Executive function, working memory, and medication adherence among older adults. J Gerontol Series B: Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2006;61:P102–P107.
30. Arlt S, Lindner R, Rosler A, von Renteln Kruse W. Adherence to medication in patients with dementia. Drugs Aging 2008;25:1033-47.
31. El-Saifi N, Moyle W, Jones C, Alston Knox C. Determinants of medication adherence in older people with dementia from the caregivers’ perspective. Int Psychogeriatrics 2019a;31:335.
32. El-Saifi N, Moyle W, Jones C. Family caregivers’ perspectives on medication adherence challenges in older people with dementia: a qualitative study. Aging Mental Health 2019b;23:1333-9.
33. Maxwell CJ, Stock K, Seitz D, Herrmann N. Persistence and adherence with dementia pharmacotherapy: relevance of patient, provider, and system factors. Canadian J Psychiatry 2014;59:624–31.
34. Elliott RA, Goeman D, Beanland C, Koch S. Ability of older people with dementia or cognitive impairment to manage medicine regimens: a narrative review. Curr Clin Pharmacol 2015;10:213–21.
35. Hawkins LA, Kilian S, Firek A, Kashner TM, Firek CJ, Silvet H. Cognitive impairment and medication adherence in outpatients with heart failure. Heart Andlung: J Critical Care 2012;41:572–82.
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38. Rohde D, Merriman NA, Doyle F, Bennett K, Williams D, Hickey A. Does cognitive impairment impact adherence? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between cognitive impairment and medication non-adherence in stroke. Plos One 2017;12:e0189339.
2. National institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE). Introduction | Medicines adherence: Involving Patients in Decisions about Prescribed Medicines and Supporting Adherence Guidance | NICE; 2009. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/ guidance/cg76/chapter/introduction [Last accessed on 21 Feb 2020].
3. Burnier M, Egan BM. Adherence in hypertension: a review of prevalence, risk factors, impact, and management. Circulation Res 2019;124:1124-40.
4. Ricci M. NHS to adopt Healthera’s digital medicines adherence tools. Pharmaphorum. Available from: https://pharmaphorum.com/news/nhs-backed-healthera-launches-medication-adherence-platform/ [Last accessed on 26 Aug 2019]
5. Dementia UK. What is front temporal dementia-Dementia UK. Available from: https://www.dementiauk.org/understanding-dementia/types-and-symptoms/frontotemporal-dementia/. [Last accessed on 10 Dec 2019]
6. Dementia Statistics Hub. Prevalence | Dementia Statistics Hub. Available from: https://www.dementiastatistics.org/statistics-about-dementia/prevalence/ [Last accessed on 25 Aug 2019]
7. Reed Guy L. The stages of dementia. Healthline; 2013a. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/dementia/stages#stages [Last accessed on 25 Aug 2019]
8. Dementiacarecentral.com. Seven stages of dementia | symptoms, progression and durations; 2018. Available from: https://www.dementiacarecentral.com/aboutdementia/facts/stages/. [Last accessed on 10 Dec 2019]
9. Manning CA, Ducharme JK. Clinical dementia rating-an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. [online] Sciencedirect.com; 2010. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/clinical-dementia-rating [Last accessed 26 Aug 2019]
10. American Psychiatric Association, (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5®). 5th ed. [online] Google Books. American Psychiatric Pub. Available at: https://books. google. co. uk/books?hl=enandlr=andid=-JivBAAAQBAJandoi=fndandpg=PT18andots=ceVM_3QKxdandsig=0e02ShXCTrpa30Y2jR0WsymC5IEandredir_esc=y#v=onepageandqandf=false [Accessed 17 Feb. 2020].
11. Cho, M. H., Shin, D. W., Chang, S.-A., Lee, J. E., Jeong, S.-M., Kim, S. H., Yun, J. M. and Son, K. (2018). Association between cognitive impairment and poor antihypertensive medication adherence in elderly hypertensive patients without dementia. Scientific Reports, [online] 8, pp.1–7. Available at: https://www. nature. com/articles/s41598-018-29974-7 [Accessed 17 Feb. 2020].
12. Stoehr, G. P., Lu, S.-Y., Lavery, L., Bilt, J. V., Saxton, J. A., Chang, C.-C. H. and Ganguli, M. (2008). Factors associated with adherence to medication regimens in older primary care patients: The steel valley seniors survey. The American Journal of Geriatric Pharmacotherapy, [online] 6, pp.255–263. Available at: https://www. ScienceDirect. com/science/article/abs/pii/S1543594608000706?via%3Dihub [Accessed 17 Feb. 2020].
13. Hinkin, C. H., Castellon, S. A., Durvasula, R. S., Hardy, D. J., Lam, M. N., Mason, K. I., Thrasher, D., Goetz, M. B. and Stefaniak, M. (2002). Medication adherence among HIV+adults: Effects of cognitive dysfunction and regimen complexity. Neurology, [online] 59, pp.1944–1950. Available at: https://n. neurology. org/content/59/12/1944. short [Accessed 31 Aug. 2019].
14. Lužný, J., Ivanová, K. and Jurí?ková, L. (2014). NON-ADHERENCE IN SENIORS WITH DEMENTIA–A SERIOUS PROBLEM OF ROUTINE CLINICAL PRACTICE. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic), [online] 57, pp.73–77. Available at: https://actamedica. lfhk. cuni. cz/media/pdf/am_2014057020073. pdf [Accessed 26 Aug. 2019].
15. Sanborn, V., Azcarate-Peril, M. A. and Gunstad, J. (2019). The effects of medication adherence on study outcomes in randomized clinical trials: a role for cognitive dysfunction? Applied neuropsychology. Adult, [online] pp.1–6. Available at: https://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/31650861 [Accessed 24 Nov. 2019].
16. Doody, R. S. (2001). Open-Label, Multicenter, Phase 3 Extension Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Donepezil in Patients With Alzheimer Disease. Archives of Neurology, 58, p.427.
17. Chang CJ, Chou TC, Chang CC, Chen TF, Hu CJ, Fuh JL, et al. Persistence and adherence to rivastigmine in patients with dementia: results from a no interventional, retrospective study using the National Health Insurance research database of Taiwan. Alzheimer’s and Dementia: Translational Research and Clinical Interventions 2019;5:46–51. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352873718300428 [Last accessed on 26 Aug 2019].
18. Austin J, Klein K, Mattek N, Kaye J. Variability in medication taking is associated with cognitive performance in nondemented older adults. Alzheimer’s Dementia: Diagnosis Assessment Disease Monitoring 2017;6:210–3.
19. Ettenhofer ML, Hinkin CH, Castellon SA, Durvasula R, Ullman J, Lam M, et al. Aging, neurocognition, and medication adherence in hiv infection. Am J Geriatric Psychiatry 2009;17:281–90.
20. Thiruchselvam T, Naglie G, Moineddin R, Charles J, Orlando L, Jaglal S, et al. Risk factors for medication nonadherence in older adults with cognitive impairment who live alone. Int J Geriatric Psychiatry 2012;27:1275–82.
21. Hayes TL, Larimer N, Adami A, Kaye JA. Medication adherence in healthy elders. J Aging Health 2009;21:567–80.
22. Rovner BW, Casten RJ. Health beliefs and medication adherence in black patients with diabetes and mild cognitive impairment. Am J Geriatric Psychiatry 2018;26:812–6.
23. Sirey JA, Greenfield A, Weinberger MI, Bruce ML. Medication beliefs and self-reported adherence among community-dwelling older adults. Clin Thera 2013;35:153–60.
24. Dolansky MA, Hawkins MAW, Schaefer JT, Sattar A, Gunstad J, Redle JD, et al. Association between poorer cognitive function and reduced objectively monitored medication adherence in patients with heart failure. Circulation: Heart Failure 9; 2016.
25. Foebel AD, Hirdes JP, Heckman G. Caregiver status affects medication adherence among older home care clients with heart failure; 2012. Available from: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Caregiver-status-affects-medication-adherence-among-Foebel-Hirdes/d446fcf834fa5b3911c67d8b43eb32b6a43164d2 [Last accessed on 22 Oct 2019]
26. Smith D, Lovell J, Weller C, Kennedy B, Winbolt M, Young C, et al. A systematic review of medication non-adherence in persons with dementia or cognitive impairment. Plos One 2017a;12:e0170651.
27. Jeste SD, Patterson TL, Palmer BW, Dolder CR, Goldman S, Jeste DV. Cognitive predictors of medication adherence among middle-aged and older outpatients with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Res 2003;63:49–58.
28. Stilley CS, Bender CM, Dunbar Jacob J, Sereika S, Ryan CM. The impact of cognitive function on medication management: three studies. Health Psychol: Official J Division Health Psychol Am Psychological Association 2010;29:50–5.
29. Insel K, Morrow D, Brewer B, Figueredo A. Executive function, working memory, and medication adherence among older adults. J Gerontol Series B: Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2006;61:P102–P107.
30. Arlt S, Lindner R, Rosler A, von Renteln Kruse W. Adherence to medication in patients with dementia. Drugs Aging 2008;25:1033-47.
31. El-Saifi N, Moyle W, Jones C, Alston Knox C. Determinants of medication adherence in older people with dementia from the caregivers’ perspective. Int Psychogeriatrics 2019a;31:335.
32. El-Saifi N, Moyle W, Jones C. Family caregivers’ perspectives on medication adherence challenges in older people with dementia: a qualitative study. Aging Mental Health 2019b;23:1333-9.
33. Maxwell CJ, Stock K, Seitz D, Herrmann N. Persistence and adherence with dementia pharmacotherapy: relevance of patient, provider, and system factors. Canadian J Psychiatry 2014;59:624–31.
34. Elliott RA, Goeman D, Beanland C, Koch S. Ability of older people with dementia or cognitive impairment to manage medicine regimens: a narrative review. Curr Clin Pharmacol 2015;10:213–21.
35. Hawkins LA, Kilian S, Firek A, Kashner TM, Firek CJ, Silvet H. Cognitive impairment and medication adherence in outpatients with heart failure. Heart Andlung: J Critical Care 2012;41:572–82.
36. Kaasalainen S, Dolovich L, Papaioannou A, Holbrook A, Lau E, Ploeg J, et al. The process of medication management for older adults with dementia. J Nursing Healthcare Chronic Illness 2011;3:407–18.
37. Lim RH, Sharmeen T. Medicines management issues in dementia and coping strategies used by people living with dementia and family carers: a systematic review. Int J Geriatric Psychiatry 2018;33:1562–81.
38. Rohde D, Merriman NA, Doyle F, Bennett K, Williams D, Hickey A. Does cognitive impairment impact adherence? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between cognitive impairment and medication non-adherence in stroke. Plos One 2017;12:e0189339.
Published
15-05-2020
How to Cite
RICHARDSON, L., H. MORRISSEY, and P. BALL. “CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE DETERMINANTS OF MEDICATION ADHERENCE IN PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA”. International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research, vol. 12, no. 3, May 2020, pp. 1-9, doi:10.22159/ijcpr.2020v12i3.38325.
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Review Article(s)
