VITIS VINIFERA.L (VITACEAE) LEAVES TOWARDS ANTIMITOTIC AND ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY IN ANTICANCER DRUG DISCOVERY
Abstract
Objective: To prescreen the in vivo antimitotic and antiproliferative activity of the leaves of Vitis vinifera.L. Family Vitaceae using the model organism Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
Method: In the present study to investigate the effect of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of the  V. vinifera (Vitaceae), Common Grape Vine was selected for phytochemical and pharmacological screening of antimitotic and antiproliferative activity. Antimitotic activity was evaluated on actively dividing meristamatic cells of Allium cepa root tip and antiproliferative activity was determined by cell viability and DNA fragmentation assay using yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as a model organism.
Result:Â Preliminary phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract of V.vinifera leaves (EEVV) showed the presence of flavonoids, sterols, triterpenoids, saponins, tannins, xanthoprotein, reducing sugars, aromatic acids, phenolic compounds, volatileoil and absence of alkaloids, fixed oils. HPTLC analysis showed the presence of stilbene derivative resveratrol. Antimitoticactivity of EEVV using the Allium cepa root tip model showed good inhibition of dividing meristamatic cells. The percentage of mitotic index (4, 5, 6 mg/ml) of EEVV and control were found to be 29.43, 21.75, 13.96 and 66.48 respectively. The effect was comparable to that of the standard drug methotrexate 100ng/ml (11.69).
The antiproliferative assay using the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) model also showed that the EEVV is a good inhibitor of yeast cell growth. The percentage of inhibition of cell viability by EEVV (4, 5, 6 mg/ml) is 48.02, 65.56, and 83.05 respectively which was comparable to that of the standard drug methotrexate 50 and 100ng/ml 48.96 and 81.92 respectively. This activity was found to be dose dependent and the IC50 was 4.54mg/ml. DNA fragmentation assay showed that the mode of action of extract is due to the DNA fragmentation.
Conclusion: V. vinifera leaves have been used in medicine due to various biological activities and as a food. This study indicates that the EEVV possesses potential anti mitotic and anti proliferative activity. The presence of resveratrol and the attributed reported anti oxidant activity appears to contribute to the antimitotic and antiproliferative activity. Further investigation requires confirming this activity.
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