Assessing the Impact of Climate-Induced Flooding on Mathematics Achievement Among Secondary Students in Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijoe.2025v13i1.53252Keywords:
effect of climate change, impact of Climate, students' performance, flooding, achievement, Mathematics students, secondary schoolAbstract
Climate change refers to variations in the weather pattern of a place over some time, which may lead to flooding, drought, or wildfire. In the River Niger Basin of the South-South Zone of Nigeria, climate change has resulted in flooding, which led to disruption in communication, commerce, economy, agriculture, and education. It also resulted in an interruption in academic activities in schools and thereafter, the consequential implication on the academic achievement of students which followed. This paper is a report of a causal-comparative or ex-post factor research into the effect of flooding on the achievement of secondary school students in mathematics in Ogba, Egbema, and Ndoni Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. Ten out of twenty-seven secondary schools were randomly sampled for the study. Five hundred students in their Senior Secondary Class Two (SS2) were randomly selected for the study. This comprised 250 boys and 250 girls. Fifty students (25 boys and 25 girls) were randomly selected from each of the ten schools. The students’ examination results used for the study for three terms were collected from the examination result master sheets and their achievement scores in mathematics were extracted and used for the analysis. The findings revealed that there exist significant differences in the achievement in mathematics of the students before, during, and after flooding. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Scheffe’s test and t-test. The result shows that achievement in mathematics was higher before and after flooding than during the flooding. The effect of climate change (flooding) on gender and achievement in mathematics was also studied. It was discovered that the gender gap in mathematics achievement of secondary school students widened during the flooding. This indicated that the effects of climate change on girls are worse than on boys educationally. The use of palliative to mitigate the effect of climate change–flooding, on the achievement of students in mathematics and, most importantly, the achievement of the girl child is recommended.
Downloads
References
Adeiye, J. (2022, October 17). Displacement, kidnapping, hunger . . . Rivers community cries out for Help after Flooding. Foundation for Investigative Journalism. Retrieved January 05, 2023, from https://fij.ng/article/displacement-kidnapping-hunger-rivers-community-cries-out-for-help-after-flooding/
Anayo, O. (2022). Flood sacks communities in 4 Rivers L. G.A. Leadership. Retrieved January 06, 2022, from https://leadership.ng/flood-sacks-communities-in-4-rivers-lgas/
Asinobi, K. (2022, October 13). What is climate change? 10 years after: Another fury of floods hits ONELGA. Australian Academy of Science. Retrieved January 05, 2023, from https://www.science.org.au/learning/general-audience/science-climate-change/i-what-is-climatechange
BBC. (2024). What is climate change? A real simple guide. BBC News. Retrieved January 05, 2023, from https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-24021772#:~:text=Climate%20change%20is%20the%20long,result%2C%20weather%20patterns%20are%20changing
Bukhari, S. L. A., & Rizvi, S. H. (2010). Impact of flood on women with special reference to flooding experience of 2010 flood in Pakistan. Geography and Natural Disaster, 5(2), 1-5. https://dx.dx.org/10.4172/2167-0587/100140
Chaudbury, G., & Tansina, T. (2017). Impact of flooding on performance of students. A case of Secondary School Students in Jedeshqor Manicipality, Mahe Hari. Journak of Advanced Academic Research, 4(1), 12–26.
Danjuma, G. I., Shehu, B. M., Nimrod, J., Jerry, S. H., Zira, J., & V. (2021). Assessing the effects of flooding on socio economic activities in Jambutu ward, Yola north local government area of Adamawa state, Nigeria. IRESPUB Journal of Environmental & Material Sciences, 1(1), 26–42.
Eleke, D. C. (2022 December, 4). UNICEF: 2022 flood killed 600 people, displaced 1.3m others. This Day. Retrieved January 05, 2023, from https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/12/04/unicef-2022-flood-killed-600-people-displaced-1-3m-others/
Ezekwesili, J. (2022). Impact of Flooding in Educational Sector: A Review. Retrieved January 05, 2023, from https://www.academia.edu/41672315/IMPACTS_OF_FLOODING_IN_NIGERIAS_EDUCATIONAL_SECTOR_A_REVIEW
Hudson, P., Pham, M., & Bubeck, P. (2019). An evaluation and monetary assessment of the impact of flooding on subjective well-being across genders in Vietnam. Climate and Development, 11(7), 623–637. https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2019.1579698
Khalid, I., & Maishman, E. (2022, October 17). Nigeria floods: Overwhelming disaster leave more than 600 people dead. BBC News Abuja and London. Retrieved January 05, 2023, from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-63280518
Lawal, N. (2022, October 20). Omuku: Rivers state community where flood has chased residents out of homes. Ligit. Retrieved April 25, 2024, from https://www.legit.ng/nigeria/1498058-omoku-rivers-community-floods-chased-residents-out/
Linsey, R., & Dahlman, L. (2024, January 18). Climate change: Global temperature. Climate.gov. Retrieved April 25, 2024, from https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2024-02/093.%20Rebecca%20Lindsey%20and%20Luann%20Dahlman%2C%20NOAA%2C%20Climate%20Change_%20Global%20Temperature.pdf
McDowell, C. P., Andrade, L., O’Neill, E., O’Malley, K., O’Dwyer, J., & Hynds, P. D. (2020). Gender-related differences in flood risk perception and behaviours among private groundwater users in the republic of Ireland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(6), 2072. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062072
Munsaka, E., & Mutasa, S. (2020). Flooding and its impacts on education. In E. N. Fovsangi (Ed.), Natural hazards - impacts, adjustments and resilience. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94368
National Geographic Society. (2023). Climate change education. Encyclopedia Entry. Retrieved April 25, 2024, from https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/climate-change/
Oribhabor, C. B. (2020). Influence of gender on mathematics achievement of secondary school students in Bayelsa State. African Journal of Study in Education, 14(2), 196-206.
Raise, G., & Zu, Y. (2022). Gender differences in mathematics achievement. Asian Journal of Mathematics Education, 1(1), 115–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/27527263221091373
Rakib, M. A., Islam, S., Nikolaos, I., Bodrud-Doza, M., & Bhuiyan, M. A. H. (2017). Flood vulnerability, local perception and gender role judgment using multivariate analysis: A problem-based “participatory action to Future Skill Management” to cope with flood impacts. Weather and Climate Extremes, 18, 29–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2017.10.002
Rodríguez, S., Regueiro, B., Piñeiro, I., Estévez, I., & Valle, A. (2020). Gender differences in mathematics motivation: Differential effects on performance in primary education. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 3050. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03050
Umoru, H. (2022, November 2022). There will be another devastating flooding in nigeria next year - F.G. Vanguard Newspaper. Retrieved January 01, 2023, from https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/11/therell-be-another-devastating-flooding-in-nigeria-next-year-fg-2/#:~:text=There'll%20be%20another%20devastating%20flooding%20in%20Nigeria%20next%20year%20%E2%80%94FG,-By%20Henry%20Umoru&text=ABUJA%E2%80%94THE%20Federal%20Government%2C%20yesterday,by%20government%20at%20all%20levels
UNOCHA. (2022, November 1). Nigeria flood response- How to help. Retrieved January 03, 2023, from https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/nigeria/nigeria-floods-response-how-help-october-2022
World Bank Group. (2020, November 17). The adaptation principles: 6 ways to build resilience to climate change. Author. Retrieved January 03, 2023, from https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2020/11/17/the-adaptation-principles-6-ways-to-build-resilience-to-climate-change
World Bank Group. (2021, March 3) Gender dynamics of disaster risk and resilience. Author. Retrieved January 03, 2023, from https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/disasterriskmanagement/publication/gender-dynamics-of-disaster-risk-and-resilience
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
