CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF ALBIZIA ZYGIA (DC) J. F. MACBR, A GHANAIAN MEDICINAL PLANT, AGAINST HUMAN T-LYMPHOBLAST-LIKE LEUKEMIA, PROSTATE AND BREAST CANCER CELL LINES
Keywords:
Anti-proliferative, antioxidant, cancer cells, Ghanaian medicinal plantsAbstract
Objective: The objectives of this study were to investigate the cytotoxic effects of extracts and fractions of Albizia zygia roots (AZR) on human T-lymphoblast-like leukemia (Jurkat), prostate cancer (LNCap) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cells and the apoptotic effect in Jurkat cells.
Methods: Aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts were prepared and tested for cytotoxic effects on the cell lines using the tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay. Apoptosis induction was determined by DNA fragmentation, cell morphological changes, flow cytometric and mitochondrial membrane potential assays.
Results: Both aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts were more cytotoxic to Jurkat cells than the other cell lines, with selective index (SI) values of 104.4 and 86.6, respectively. The SI values of the extracts on LNCap cells were 9.0 and 35.4, respectively. Some of the fractions were non-cytotoxic. Nevertheless petroleum ether fraction was cytotoxic towards MCF-7 cells with SI value of 2.4. The hydroethanolic extract exhibited apoptosis via induction of DNA fragmentation in Jurkat cells. Cell morphological changes were consistent with the extract-mediated cytotoxicity and DNA fragmentation. Flow cytometric and mitochondrial membrane potential assays also showed significant apoptotic induction confirming apoptosis by the AZR extract.
Conclusion: This study has shown that AZR possesses anticancer activity by demonstrating a high selective toxicity against Jurkat cells. Furthermore, the hydroethanolic extract induced apoptosis in the Jurkat cells. Albizia zygia roots may be a source of novel compounds for the development of new anti-cancer agents.
Keywords: Albizia zygia, Cancer cells, Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis
Downloads
References
Hutchinson J, Dalziel JM, Keay RWJ. Flora of west tropical Africa. Virginia: University of Virginia Press; 1972.
Kokila K, Priyadharshini SD, Sujatha V. Phytopharmacological properties of Albizia species: a review. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2013;5:70-3.
Higuchi H, Kinjo J, Nohara T. An arrhythmic-inducing glycoside from Albizia julibrissim Durazz. IV. Chem Pharm Bull 1992;40:829-31.
Zheng L, Zheng J, Zhao Y, Wang B, Lijun W, Liang H. Three anti-tumor saponins from Albizia julibrissin. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006;16:2765–8.
Abdalla MA, Laatsch M. Flavonoids from sudanese Albizia zygia (Leguminosae, subfamily mimosoideae), A plant with antimalarial potency. Afr J Tradit Complementary Altern Med 2012;9:56-8.
Ndjakou LB, Vonthron-Senecheau C, Fongang Soh R, Tantangmo F, Ngouela S, Kaiser M, et al. In vitro antiprotozoal activities and cytotoxicity of some selected Cameroonian medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol 2007;111:8–12.
Wiredu EK, Armah HB. Cancer mortality patterns in Ghana: A 10-year review of autopsies and hospital mortality. BMC Public Health 2006;6:159-67.
Mukherjee KA, Basu S, Sarkar N, Ghosh AC. Advances in cancer therapy with plant-based natural products. Curr Med Chem 2001;8:1467-86.
Wong RSY. Apoptosis in cancer: from parthenogenesis to treatment. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2011;30:87.
Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P. Apoptosis: programmed cell death eliminates unwanted cells. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 5th ed. Garland Science; 2008. p. 1115.
Armstrong JS. Mitochondria: a target for cancer therapy. Br J Pharmacol 2006;147:239–48.
Hostettmann K, Marsto A, Ndjoko K, Wolfender JL. The potential of african plants as a source of drugs. Curr Org Chem 2000;4:973-1010.
Sarker SD, Latif Z, Gray AI. Natural product isolation: methods in biotechnology. 2nd ed. Humana Press: New Jersey; 2005. p. 1–20.
Ayisi NK, Appiah-Opong R, Gyan B, Bugyei K, Ekuban F. Plasmodium falciparium: Assessment of selectivity of action of chloroquine, Alchornea cordifolia, Ficus polita and other drugs by a Tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay. Malar Res Treat 2011. Doi.Org/10.4061/2011/816250. [Article in Press]
Uto T, Sakamoto A, Tung NH, Fujiki T, Kishihara K, Oiso S, et al. Antiproliferative activities and apoptosis induction by triterpenes derived from Eriobotrya japonica in human leukemia cell lines. Int J Mol Sci 2013;14:4106-20.
Xing ZB, Yao L, Zhang GQ, Zhang XY, Zhang YX, Pang D. Fangchinoline inhibits breast adenocarcinoma proliferation by inducing apoptosis. Chem Pharm Bull 2011;59:1476-80.
Evans WC. Trease and Evans’ pharmacognosy. 15th ed. London: Bailliere Tindall; 2001. p. 171-333.
Ayisi NK, Gupta SV, Qualtiere LF. Modified tetrazolium-based colorimetric method for determining the activities of anti-HIV compounds. J Virol Methods 1991;33:335-44.
Gopinath P, Sundara VD, Kamatchiammal S, Saroja V. Anti-cancerous activity of Albizia amara (Roxb) Boivin using human breast cancer cell (MCF-7) by in vitro methods. Int J Pharm Res Rev 2013;2:23-32.
Aditya JVSPKS, Kumar LN, Mokkapati A. Evaluation of the in vitro cytotoxicity of Andrographis paniculata, Duranta serratifolia and Albizzia lebbeck whole plants by MTT assay against MCF-7 and HT-27 cell lines. Curr Res Microbiol Biotechnol 2014;2:351-3.
Badisa RB, Darling-Reed SF, Joseph P, Cooperwood JS, Latinwo LM, Goodman CB. Selective cytotoxic activities of two novel synthetic drugs on human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells. Anticancer Res 2009;29:2993-6.
Hickman JA. Apoptosis induced by anticancer drugs. Cancer Metastasis Rev 1992;1:121-39.
Lee MJ, Ye AS, Gardino AK, Heijink AM, Sorger PK, MacBeath G, et al. Sequential application of anticancer drugs enhances cell death by rewiring apoptotic signaling networks. Cell 2012;149:780-94.
Kanadaswami C, Lee PPH, Hwang JJ, Ke FC, Lee MT. The antitumor activities of flavonoids. In Vivo 2005;19:895-910.
Majewska-Wierzbica M, Czeczot H. Anticancer activity of flavonoids. Pol Merkuriusz Lek 2012;33:364-9.
Wang CF, Fan L, Tian M, Du SS, Deng ZW, Feng JB, et al. Cytotoxicity of benzophenanthridine alkaloids from the roots of Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC. Var. fastuosum how ex huang. Nat Prod Res 2014;29:1380-3.
Noble RL. Discovery of the vinca alkaloid-chemotherapeutic agents against cancer. Biochem Cell Biol 1990;68:344-51.