PROTECTIVE APTITUDE OF BORASSUS FLABELLIFER ROOT EXTRACTS AGAINST PARACETAMOL-INDUCED LIVER TOXICITY AND MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS (H37 RV)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i12.21692Keywords:
Borassus flabellifer, Roots, Paracetamol, Liver, TuberculosisAbstract
Objective: Borassus flabellifer is an doub palm tree, different parts of it have been using as food and in traditional medicine. The root parts (rhizomes) are used for phytochemical analysis and evaluation of hepatoprotective and anti-tuberculosis activities.
Materials: Hepatoprotective activity of Borassus flabellifer root extracts were studied on paracetamol-induced liver toxicity in rats and anti-tuberculosis activity on Mycobacterium tuberculosis [H37 Rv strain] quantitative determination using Microplate Alamar Blue assay (MABA) method.
Results: The phytochemical analysis of different extracts B. flabellifer roots showed the presence of sterols, terpenoids, glycosides, carbohydrates, proteins, flavanoids, alkaloids, phenols, tannins, saponins and oils. The methanolic extract showed more phenolic and alkaloid contents on their quantification. Ethyl Acetate, Chloroform and Methanol extracts of B. flabellifer showed the dose dependent percentage protection of on paracetamol-induced liver toxicity. The methanol extract showed more activity and is comparable with standard drug Liv 52 on altered liver biomarker enzymes AST (SGOT), ALT (SGPT), ALP, total bilirubin and total protein levels with percentage protection 70.58%, 68.91%, 69.30% 71.18% and 70.73%. The ethyl acetate extract showed more anti-tuberculosis activity than methanol extract with MIC 6.25μg/mL but the extracts showed lower activity compared to standard drugs ciprofloxacin, Streptomycin and pyrazinamide of the MIC values are 6.25, 3.125, 3.125 μg/mL.
Conclusion: B. flabellifer roots posses different phytochemical constituents and those extracts posses hepatoprotective and anti-tuberculosis activities
Â
Downloads
References
Jelkmann W. The role of the liver in the production of thrombopoietin compared with erythropoietin. Eur J Gastroen Hepat 2001;13:791–801.
Sherif RZ, Abdel-Misih, Bloomston Mark. Liver anatomy. Surg Clin North Am 2010;90:643–53.
Zatonski WA, Sulkowska U, Manczuk M, Rehm J, Boffetta P, Lowenfels AB, et al. Liver cirrhosis mortality in Europe, with special attention to Central and Eastern Europe. Eur Addict Res 2010;16:193-201.
Hirschfield GM, Gershwin ME. The immunobiology and pathophysiology of primary biliary cirrhosis. Annu Rev Pathol 2013;8:303–30.
Dancygier, Henry K. Clinical hepatology principles and practice of hepatobiliary diseases. Springer; 2010. p. 895.
Sgro C, Clinard F, Ouazir K, Chanay H, Allard C, Guilleminet C, et al. Incidence of drug-induced hepatic injuries: a French population-based study. Hepatology 2002;36:451-5.
Hirschfield GM, Thain C, Walmsley M, Brownlee A, Jones DE. Liver disease in the UK. Lancet 2015;385:503.
Ali A Mokdad, Alan D Lopez, Saied Shahraz, Rafael Lozano, Ali H Mokdad, Jeff Stanaway, et al. Liver cirrhosis mortality in 187 countries between 1980 and 2010:a systematic analysis. BMC Med 2014;12:145.
O'Shea RS, Dasarathy S, McCullough AJ. Alcoholic liver disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2010;1:14-32.
Naveed S, Ewan F, David P. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Br Med J 2014;349:g4596.
Chu J, Sadler KC. New school in liver development: Lessons from zebrafish. Hepatology 2009;50:1656–63.
Talwani R, Gilliam BL, Howell C. Infectious diseases and the liver. Clin Liver Dis 2011;15:111–30.
Bramstedt K. Living liver donor mortality: where do we stand? Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:755–9.
Porceddu M, Buron N, Roussel C, Labbe G, Fromenty B, Borgne-Sanchez A. Prediction of liver injury induced by chemicals in human with a multiparametric assay on isolated mouse liver mitochondria. Toxicol Sci 2012;129:332–45.
Subbarayappa BV. The roots of ancient medicine: an historical outline. J Biosci 2001;26:135-43.
Hong M, Li S, Tan HY, Wang N, Tsao SW, Feng Y. Current status of herbal medicines in chronic liver disease therapy: the biological effects, molecular targets and future prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2015;16:28705–45.
Lodha R, Bagga A. Traditional Indian systems of medicine. Ann Acad Med Singap 2000;29:37-41.
Khokhlenkova NV, Kovalenko SM, Azarenko JM, Buryak MV. Development of methodical approaches to the creation of the pharmacologically active bandage. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2017;10:20-4.
Veda Priya G, Ganga Rao B, Keerthana D, Kiran M. A review on palmyra palm (Borassus flabellifer). Int J Curr Pharm Res 2016;8:17-20.
Subashini S, Ramesh Kannan V, Mani P. Phytochemical and GCMS analysis of bioactive compounds from Borassus flabellifer Linn root. European J Mol Biol Biochem 2015;2:148-52.
Paschapur MS, Swathi P, Sachin RP, Ravi Kumar, Patil MB. Evaluation of the analgesic and antipyretic activities of ethanolic extract of male flower (inflorescences) of Borassus flabellifer L. (Arecaceae). Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2009;1:98-106.
Sumudunie KA, Jansz ER, Sharmini J, Nalini Wickramasinghe SMD. The neurotoxic effect of palmyrah (Borassus flabellifer) flour re-visited. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2004;55:607-14.
Devi S, Arseculeratne SN, Pathmanathan R, McKenzie IF, Pang T. Suppression of cell-mediated immunity following oral feeding of mice with palmyrah (Borassus flabellifer L) flour. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci 1985;63:371-9.
Kangwanpong D, Arseculeratne SN, Sirisinha S. Clastogenic effect of aqueous extracts of palmyrah (Borassus flabellifer) flour on human blood lymphocytes. Mutat Res 1981;89:63-8.
Trease G, Evans SM. Pharmacognosy. 15th ed. Bailer Tindal, London, Elsevier Publisher; 2002. p. 23-67.
Rao BG, Rao YV, Rao TM. The hepatoprotective and antioxidant capacity of Melochia corchorifolia extracts. Asian Pac J Trop Med 2013;6:537-43.
Singleton VL, Rossi JA. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic acid phosphotungstic acid reagents. Am J Enol Vitic 1965;16:144-58.
Fazel S, Hamidreza M, Rouhollah G, Verdian-rizi M. Spectrophotometric determination of total alkaloids in some Iranian medicinal plants. Thai J Pharm Sci 2008;32:17-20.
Ramachandra Setty S, Quereshi AA, Viswanath Swamy AH, Patil T, Prakash T, Prabhu K. Hepatoprotective activity of Calotropis procera flowers against paracetamol-induced hepatic injury in rats. Fitoterapia 2007;78:451–4.
Vidhya Malar HL, Mettilda Bai SM. Hepatoprotective activity of Phyllanthus emblica against paracetamol-induced hepatic damage in Wister albino rats. Afr J Basic Appl Sci 2009;1:21–5.
Collins L, Franzblau SG. Microplate alamar blue assay versus BACTEC 460 system for high-throughput screening of compounds against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997;41:1004-9.
Charlotte Harrison. Adverse drug reactions: computational model predicts side effects. Nat Rev Drug Discovery 2014;11:602.
Debbie Shaw, Ladds Graeme, Duez Pierre, Williamson Elizabeth, Chan Kelvin. Pharmacovigilance of herbal medicine. J Ethnopharmacol 2012;140:513–8.
Nikawala JK, Wijeyaratne SC, Jansz ER, Abeysekara AM. Flabelliferins, steroidal saponin from palmyrah fruit (Borassus flabellifer) pulp II. Preliminary studies on the effect on yeast and bacteria. J Natl Sci Found 1998;26:141-50.
Vengaiah PC, Vijaya kumara B, Murthy GN, Prasad KR. Physico-chemical properties of palmyrah fruit pulp (Borassus flabellifer L). J Nutr Food Sci 2015;5:1-4.
Subashini S, Rameshkannan V, Mani P. Phytochemical and GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds from Borassus flabellifer Linn root. Eur J Mol Biol Biochem 2015;2:148-52.
Pascoal Neto C, Seca A, Nunes AM, Coimbra MA, Domingues F, Evtuguin D. Variations in chemical composition and structure of macromolecular components in different morphological regions and maturity stages of Arundo donax. Ind Crops Prod 1997;6:51-8.
Ganga Rao B, Mallikarjuna Rao T, Venkateswara Rao Y. The hepatoprotective and antioxidant capacity of Melochia corchorifolia extracts. Asian Pac J Trop Med 2013;6:412-20.
Jayanthy A, Prakash Kumar U, Remashree AB. Seasonal and geographical variations in cellular characters and chemical contents in desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC.–An ayurvedic medicinal plant. Int J Herb Med 2013;1:34-7.
Priya GV, Mallikarjuna Rao T, Ganga Rao B. Antibacterial activity of Borassus flabellifer. Peertechz J Biomed Eng 2016;1:3-5.
Gaurav Kumar Sharma. Studies on phytochemical constituents of medicinal plants. Am J Pharm Pharm Sci 2014;1:61-74.
Iqbal A, Mabood Husain F, Maheshwari M, Zahin M. Medicinal plants and phytocompounds: a potential source of novel antibiofilm agents. Antibiofilm Agents 2014;8:205-32.
Titas D, Radhakrishnan, Rajesh Gopal, Murugananthan T, Sahil Nandakumar K. Hypoglycaemic effects of alcoholic root extract of Borassus flabellifer (Linn.) in normal and diabetic rats. Pak J Pharm Sci 2013;26:673-9.
Gupta AK, Chitme H, Daa SK, Misra N. Hepatoprotective activity of Rauwolfia serpentine rhizome in paracetamol intoxicated rats. J Paint Technol 2006;1:82–8.
Ganga Rao B, Rajeswara Rao P, Prayaga Murthy P, Samba Siva Rao E, Praneeth D, Mallikarjuna Rao T, et al. Investigation on regional variation in total phenolic, alkaloid content and in vitro antioxidant activity of Leucas aspera. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2011;2:2699-703.
Mallikarjuna Rao T, Veda Priya G, Ganga Rao B. Antioxidant activity of Borassus flabellifer. Int Res J Pharm 2017;8:18-22.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
