IN VITRO PHOTO-TOXICITY SCREENING OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OBTAINED FROM MANILKARA ZAPOTA (L.) ROYEN LEAVES
Keywords:
Manilkara zapota (L) Royen, Hydro-alcoholic, UV radiation, Phototoxicity, Candida yeast, Lipid peroxidationAbstract
Objective: Cosmetic products like sunscreens are being used widely nowadays due to increasing consumer awareness about the harmful effects of ultraviolet light exposure. Conventionally used chemical filters lack photostability hence produce skin reactions. The present research thus aims to evaluate the photostability of the hydro-alcoholic extract obtained from the leaves of Manilkara zapota (L.) Royen, Sapotaceae, a potential sunscreen using in vitro phototoxicity assays.
Methods: Leaves of the plant was extracted using hydroalcoholic solvent (water: ethanol, 3:7) by maceration technique. Candida albicans lawn seeded Sabouraud dextrose agar plate, impregnated with test extract soaked filter paper disc was irradiated at a dose 0.2 mW/cm2 for 4 hours. Absorption spectra of known concentration of the test extract at initial as well on irradiation was measured and compared with standards. Linoleic acid peroxidation test was used to determine the extent of peroxides formed using TBARS assay.
Results: Candida yeast test revealed that there was no photodegradation metabolites of the extract formed on irradiation thus growth of the Candida albicans remained unaffected. Spectra measurement studies revealed no significant change in the spectrum in the wavelength 250-320 nm of M. zapota extract however the standard phototoxic compound showed a significant change. Linoleic acid peroxidation test revealed a very limited peroxide formation 6.47 μmoles/ ml comparable with the standard Quercetin, Gallic acid and marketed sunscreen formulation.
Conclusion: All the in vitro phototoxicity assays concluded that the hydroalcoholic extract obtained from Manilkara zapota (L.) Royen leaves exhibited photostability to the Ultraviolet irradiation.
Downloads
References
Maithri S, Shetty S, George L, Mohan K. Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant property and radio Protective effect of the constituent medicinal plants of a herbal sunscreen formulations. Int J Pharm Frontier Res 2012;2(2); 90-6.
Onoue S, Tsuda Y. Analytical studies on the prediction of photosensitive/phototoxic potential of pharmaceutical substances. Pharm Res 2006;23(1);156-64.
Gordon JD, Andrew CC, Michael DC, Matherly C, Denison MS, Grune G, et al. Estrogenic potency of many popular sunscreens and its non-active components detected using the LUMI–CELLTM ER Bioassay. ISPAC–General, Dioxin, 2005;1145;2685-9.
Safer AM, Al-Nughamish AJ. Hepatotoxicity induced by the anti-oxidant food additive, butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), in rats: an electron microscopical study. Histol Histopathol 1999;14(2);391-406.
Stolze K, Nohl H. Free radical formation and erythrocyte membrane alterations during methb formation induced by the BHA metabolite, terl-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ). Free Radical Res 1999;30(4);295-303.
Karim MR, Osman MA, Aziz MA, Habib MR. Antimicrobial Investigation on Manilkara zapota (L) P. Royen Int J Drug Dev Res 2011;3(1);185-90.
Islam ME, Islam MR, Parvin MS, Islam MS, Hasan SM. Antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of Manilkara zapota leaf. J Sci Res 2012;4(1);193-202.
Seshadri S, Kothari V. In vitro antibacterial activity in seed extracts of Manilkara zapota, Anona squamosa, and Tamarindus indica. Biol Res 2010;43;165-8.
Shivhare Y, Singh M. Manilkara zapota: An Overview. Herbal Tech Industry; 2011. p. 13-6.
Shazly HA, Fayek NM, Monem AR, Mossa MY, Meselhy MR. Chemical and biological study of Manilkara zapota (L.) Van Royen leaves (Sapotaceae) cultivated in Egypt. Pharmacognosy Res 2012;4 (2);85–91.
Shenoy P, Khot S, Chavan M, Takawale J, Singh S. Study of sunscreen activity of aqueous, methanol and acetone extracts of leaves of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre, Fabaceae. Int J Green Pharm 2013. p. 217-24.
Chanda SV, Nagani KV. Antioxidant capacity of Manilkara zapota L. leaves extracts evaluated by four in vitro methods. Nat Sci 2010;8(10);260-6.
Rowe L, Norman J. Detection of phototoxic activity in plant specimens associated with primary photosensitization in livestock using a simple microbiological test. J Vet Diagn Invest 1989;1;269-70.
Hojerova J, Medovcikova A, Mikula M. Photoprotective efficacy and photostability of fifteen sunscreen products having the same label SPF subjected to natural light. Int J Pharm 2011;408;27-38.
Bose B, Chatterjee S. Correlation between UVA-induced changes in microviscosity, permeability and malondialdehyde formation in liposomal membrane. J Photochem Photobiol B: Biol 1995;28 (2);149-53.
Bonina F, Puglia C, Tomaino A, Saija A, Mulinacci N, Romani A, et al. In vitro antioxidant and in vivo photo protective effect of three lyophilized extracts of Sedium telephium L. leaves. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010;52;1279-85.
Bonina F, Lanza M, Montenegro L, Puglisi C, Tomaino A, Trombetta DA, et al. Flavonoids as potential protective agents against photo-oxidative skin damage. Int J Pharm 1996;145;87-94.