ANTIBIOTIC PRESCRIPTION TO PEDIATRIC IN HOSPITAL BENGKULU, INDONESIA: ATC/DDD INDEX
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i5.25291Keywords:
Antibiotic, Pediatric, Prescription, ATCDDD indexAbstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the utilization of antibiotics for children in the General Hospital of Dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu, Indonesia by using the ATC/DDD index, which is accepted as a standard method.
Methods: This study was descriptive analytic research with qualitative methods. Observations conducted over six months collecting retrospective prescribing data antibiotics in children admitted in January to June 2014. Data obtained assessed antibiotics prescribed in a quantity which is calculated using ATC/DDD index. In this study, DDDs of anti-infective agents are listed for systemic use, according to ATC/DDD 2016 Index. Data pediatric patients hospitalized amounted to 447 patients while fulfilling the inclusion criteria amounted to 103 medical records and the use of antibiotics which recorded 175 prescriptions.
Results: The kind of antibiotics that are widely used are gentamicin (34.9%) and ampicillin (34.3%). The highest ACI based group is penicillin group antibiotics (ampicillin) is 26 DDD/100 bed-days. Highest DDDs in this study is ampicillin (101.7). Utilization of antibiotics in hospitals in Bengkulu, Indonesia to pediatric patient higher than suggested by the WHO is based on a quantitative analysis using the ACT/DDD index.
Conclusion: Analysis of antibiotic use in children is not rationally quantitatively seen from the total value of ACI in one of the government hospital is very high compared to WHO standard and based on the most antibiotic type was ampicillin followed by gentamicin.
Downloads
References
Thrane N, Olesen C, Schønheyder HC, Sørensen HT. Socioeconomic factors and prescription of antibiotics in 0-to 2-year-old danish children. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003;51:683–9.
Vlahovic-Palcevski V, Morovic M, Palcevski G. Antibiotic utilization at the university hospital after introducing an antibiotic policy. Eur J Clin Pharmacol Springer 2000;56:97–101.
Al-Zakwani IS, Al-thuhli M, Al-hashim A, Balushi K Al. Drug utilization pattern in an intensive care unit at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Oman. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2017;10:194–7.
Rokhmah NN, Andrajati R, Radji M. Cross-sectional study of surgical prophylactic antibiotic administration in Marzoeki Mahdi Hospital, Bogor, Indonesia. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2017;10:21–3.
Cizman M. The use and resistance to antibiotics in the community. Int J Antimicrob Agents Netherlands 2003;21:297–307.
Sözen H, Gönen I, Sözen A, Kutlucan A, Kalemci S, Sahan M. Application of ATC/DDD methodology to evaluate of antibiotic use in a general hospital in Turkey. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2013;12:1–6.
Monnet DL, Mölstad S, Cars O. Defined daily doses of antimicrobials reflect antimicrobial prescriptions in ambulatory care. J Antimicrob Chemother 2004;53:1109–11.
World Health Organization. World Health Organization. Guidelines for ATC classification and DDD assignment 2016 [Internet]. 19th ed. WHO Collab. Cent. Drug Stat. Methodol. Oslo, Norway: Norwegian Institute of Public Health; 2015. Available from: www.whocc.no [Last accessed on 10 Jan 2018]
Berrington A. Antimicrobial prescribing in hospitals: Be careful what you measure. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009;65:163–8.
Mahmood A, Ahmed A, Azim A, Ali A, Hassan NAGM, Shehab A, et al. Evaluation of the rational use of medicines (RUM) in four government hospitals in UAE. Saudi Pharm J King Saud University 2016;24:189–96.
Nelson S. How to calculate antimicrobial defined daily doses (DDDs) and DDDs per 1000 Patient Days Requirements. 2012.
Shea K, Florin K, Barlam T. When wonder drugs don’t work: how antibiotic resistance threatens childen, Senior, and Medically Vurnrable. Washington, DC 20009; 2001.
The Paediatric Formulary Committee (PFC). BNF For children [Internet]. London: British National Formulary Publications, Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain; 2009. Available from: www.pharmpress.com [Last accessed on 10 Jan 2018]
Suman RK, Ray IM, Mohanty NC, Mukhia RK, Deshmukh YA. Assessment of usage of antibiotics and their pattern of antibiotic sensitivity test among childhood fever. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2014;6:296–9.
Katzung BG, Masters SB, Trevor AJ. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. 12th ed. United States: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc; 2012.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Pedoman Pelayanan Kefarmasian Untuk Terapi Antibiotik. Jakarta; 2011.
MacKenzie FM. Antibiotic consumption in European hospitals consommation. Medicine Mal Infect 2005;35:121–2.
Serife Akalin. Antimicrobial consumption at a university hospital in Turkey. Afr J Microbiol Res 2012;6:4000–5.
Vaccheri A, Silvani MC, Bersaglia L, Motola D, Strahinja P, Vargiu A, et al. A 3 y survey on the use of antibacterial agents in five Italian hospitals. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008;61:953–8.
Jasso Gutierrez L, Santos Preciado JI. Use of defined-daily-doses per 100 bed-days for measuring consumption of anti-infectives in a pediatric hospital. Am J Heal Pharm. ASHP 2010;67:14–5.
Wirahmi N, Halim A, Lucida H. Analisa penggunaan kombinasi gentamisin dan ampisilin pada pasien pediatri di bangsal anak. Universitas Andalas; 2011.
Kuster SP, Ruef C, Ledergerber B, Hintermann A, Deplazes C, Neuber L, et al. Quantitative antibiotic use in hospitals: comparison of measurements, literature review, and recommendations for a standard of reporting. Infection 2008;36:549–59.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
