CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS, ï¡-AMYLASE INHIBITORY AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF THE ESSENTIAL OILS FROM UNRIPE FRUIT PULP AND LEAVES OF SYZYGIUM CUMINI
Keywords:
Syzygium cumini, Essential oil, a-Cadinol, a-Amylase inhibitory activity, Antioxidant activityAbstract
Objective: To investigate chemical compositions, a-amylase inhibitory and antioxidant capacity of the essential oils from the unripe fruit pulp and leaves of a traditional medicinal plant Syzygium cumini.
Methods: The essential oils of unripe fruit pulp and leaves of S. cumini were obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. In vitro a-amylase inhibitory and DPPH radical scavenging assay were carried out to study the antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of the essential oils.
Results: Thirty four components representing 99.3% of the unripe fruit pulp oil and 66 components representing 95.3% of the leaf essential oil were identified. a-cadinol (25.8%) and a-pinene (21.5%) were the major component of unripe fruit pulp and leaf oil respectively. The leaf oil showed better a-amylase inhibitory activity than unripe fruit pulp oil, while unripe fruit pulp oil exhibited higher antioxidant activity.
Conclusions: The mild a-amylase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of both oils are ideal for designing functional foods and can be used in food applications which aim to control diabetes.
Â
Downloads
References
Chakrabarti R, Rajagopalan R. Diabetes and insulin resistance associated disorders: disease and the therapy. Curr Sci 2002;83(12):1533-8.
Etxeberria U, Garza AL, Campion J, MartÃnez JA, Milagro FI. Anti-diabetic effects of natural plant extracts via inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolysis enzymes with emphasis on pancreatic alpha amylase. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2012;16(3):269-97.
Jumepaeng T, Prachakool S, Luthria DL, Chanthai S. Determination of antioxidant capacity and α-amylase inhibitory activity of the essential oils from citronella grass and lemongrass. Int Food Res J 2013;20(1):481-5.
Halliwell B, Aeschbach R, Loliger J, Aruoma OI. The characterization of antioxidants. Food Chem Toxicol 1995;33(7):601-17.
Basar MH, Hossain SJ, Sadhu SK, Rahman MH. A comparative study of antioxidant potential of commonly used anti-diabetic plants in Bangladesh. Orient Pharm Exp Med 2013;13(1):21-8.
Amorati R, Foti MC, Valgimigli L. Antioxidant activity of essential oils. J Agric Food Chem 2013;61(46):10835-47.
Ayyanar M, Subash-Babu P. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels: a review of its phytochemical constituents and traditional uses. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012;2(3):240-6.
Ayyanar M, Subash-Babu P, Ignacimuthu S. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, a novel therapeutic agent for diabetes: Folk medicinal and pharmacological evidences. Complement Ther Med 2013;21(3):232-43.
Heim KE, Taigliaferro AR, Bobilya DJ. Flavonoid antioxidants: chemistry, metabolism and structure-activity relationships. J Nutr Biochem 2002;13(10):572-84.
Srivastava S, Chandra D. Pharmacological potentials of Syzygium cumini: a review. J Sci Food Agric 2013;93(9):2084-93.
Mohamed AA, Ali SI, El-Baz FK. Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of crude extracts and essential oils of Syzygium cumini Leaves. PLoS ONE 2013;8(4):e60269.
Elansary HO, Salem MZM, Ashmawy NA, Yacout MM. Chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of leaves essential oils from Syzygium cumini L, Cupressus sempervirens L. and Lantana camara L. from Egypt. J Agric Sci 2012;4(10):144-52.
Machado RRP, Jardim DF, Souza AR, Scio E, Fabri RL, Carpanez AG, et al. The effect of essential oil of Syzygium cumini on the development of granulomatous inflammation in mice. Braz J Pharm 2013;23(3):488-96.
Reddy LJ, Jose B. Evaluation of antibacterial and DPPH radical scavenging activities of the leaf extracts and leaf essential oil of Syzygium cumini Linn. from South India. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2013;5(3):358-61.
Shafi P, Rosamma M, Jamil K. Antibacterial activity of Syzygium cumini and Syzygium travancoricum leaf essential oils. Fitoterapia 2002;73(5):414-6.
Adams RP. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Allured Publishing Co. Carol Stream, Illinois, USA; 2007.
Apostolidis E, Kwon YI, Shetty K. Inhibitory potential of herb, fruit, and fungal-enriched cheese against key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Inn Food Sci Emer Technol 2007;8(1):46-54.
Craveiro AA, Andrade CHS, Matos FJA, Alencar JW, Machado MIL. Essential oil of Eugenia jambolana. J Nat Prod 1983;46(4):591-2.
Vijayanand P, Rao LJM, Narasimham P. Volatile flavour components of jamun fruit (Syzygium cumini L). Flavour Frag J 2001;16(1):47-9.
Dias CN, Rodriguesb KAF, Carvalhob FAA, Carneirob SMP, Maiac JGS, Andradec EHA, et al. Molluscicidal and Leishmanicidal activity of the leaf essential oil of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels from Brazil. Chem Biodivers 2013;10(6):1133-41.
Sharma SB, Nasir A, Prabhu KM, Murthy PS. Antihyperglycemic effect of the fruit-pulp of Eugenia jambolana in experimental diabetes mellitus. J Ethnopharm 2006;104(3):367-3.
Rekha N, Balaji R, Deecaraman M. Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of extracts of the pulp of Syzygium cumini and bark of Cinnamon zeylanicum in streptozotocin-induced diabeticrats. J Applied Biosci 2010;28:1718-30.
Gupta R, Saxena AM. Hypoglycemic and anti-hyperglycemic activities of Syzygium cumini (Linn.) Skeels whole fruit, in normal and streptozotocin-induced rats. Asian J Pharm Biol Res 2011;1(3):267-72.
Hassan SK, El-Sammad NM, Ali MM, Hegazi ASA, Nazif NM. Anti-diabetic activity of Syzygium cumini (L.) fruits extract on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Egypt J Biomed Sci 2009;29:271-5.
Pepato MT, Folgadol VBB, Kettelhut IC, Brunetti IL. Lack of antidiabetic effect of a Eugenia jambolana leaf decoction on rat streptozotocin diabetes. Braz J Med Biol Res 2001;34(3):389-5.
Oliveira ACP, Endringer DC, Amorim LAS, Brandão MGL, Coelho MM. Effect of the extracts and fractions of Baccharis trimera and Syzygium cumini on glycaemia of diabetic and non-diabetic mice. J Ethnopharm 2005;102(3):465-9.
Teixeira CC, Fuchs FD. The efficacy of herbal medicines in clinical models: the case of jambolan. J Ethnopharm 2006;108(1):16-9.
Schoenfelder T, Warmlin CZ, Manfredini MS, Pavei LL, Réus JV, Tristão TC, et al. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect of leaves from Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, Myrtaceae. in diabetic rats. Braz J Pharmacog 2010;20(2):222-7.
Deb L, Bhattacharjee C, Shetty R, Dutta A. Evaluation of anti-diabetic potential of the Syzygium cumini (Linn) Skeels by reverse pharmacological approaches. Bull Pharm Res 2013;3(3):135-5.
Banerjee A, Dasgupta N, De B. In vitro study of antioxidant activity of Syzygium cumini fruit. Food Chem 2005;90(4):727-3.
Silva DHS, Plaza CV, Bolzani VS, Cavalheiro AJ, Castro-Gamboa I. Antioxidants from fruits and leaves of Eugenia jambolana, an edible Myrtaceae species from Atlantic Forest. Planta Med 2006;72:1038.
Ruan ZP, Zhang LL, Lin YM. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of Syzygium cumini Leaves. Mol 2008;13(10):2545-56.
Kaneria M, Chanda S. Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity of Syzygium cumini L. leaves extracted sequentially in different solvents. J Food Biochem 2013;37(2):168-76.