SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC, HPTLC AND GC-MS STUDIES ON SELECTED SPICE EXTRACTS
Keywords:
Cumin, fennel, fenugreek, Phytochemicals, HPTLC profile, GC-MS analysisAbstract
Objectives: The present work was carried out with a view to analyze the major phytochemical compounds of Indian spices, cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.).
Methods: Hydro-alcoholic (30% ethanol in water, v/v) extracts were prepared from selected spices and analyzed for extract yield, loss on drying (LOD), pH and phytochemical compounds such as total alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids and tannins were quantified by spectrometric methods. High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer (GC-MS) techniques were employed to reveal the phytochemicals of selected spice extracts.
Results: Hydro-alcoholic extracts from selected spices revealed the pH to be 5.36-5.62, loss on drying (12.54–15.41%) and extract yield (8.62–29.19%). Among the investigated samples, higher levels of alkaloids (2.032%) and tannins (0.809%) were found in fenugreek while fennel exhibited highest content of total phenolics (3.39%) and flavanoids (2.621%). The hydro-alcoholic extracts were subjected to HPTLC analysis and the results suggested the presence of three different major phytochemical compounds in cumin and fenugreek, whereas fennel extract displayed only one major peak. Cumin, fenugreek and fennel extracts showed relatively similar spots with Rf values of 0.51, 0.62, 0.90 and 0.97, which indicates the presence of four similar type of flavonoids in each extract. Presence of some volatile compounds in extracts was identified by GC-MS analysis.
Conclusion: Due to the presence of various phytochemical constituents and favorable extract yield, LOD and pH, the presently investigated spice extracts could be used in drug formulations.
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