AN OVERVIEW ON ORAL THIN FILMS–METHODOLOGY, CHARACTERIZATION AND CURRENT APPROACH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i4.50386Keywords:
Oral thin film, Fast release, Solvent casting, Disintegration, Saliva, etcAbstract
The pharmaceutical sector is looking for new ways to deliver drugs, and one such way is through thin films. It has been said that thin films offer an alternative to traditional dosage forms. They offer rapid, local, or systemic effects and are a very flexible platform. Furthermore, patients with dysphagia, elderly, paediatrics, or bedridden patients, as well as those who have difficulty accessing water, can easily utilize these systems on their own. There are several ways to administer these drug delivery systems, including transdermally, ocularly, buccally, sublingually, and orally.
One of the most creative and patient-focused novel drug delivery systems is Orodispersible Thin Films (OTF). Numerous pharmaceutical companies and academic experts worldwide are currently investigating the potential of these films for delivering drugs derived from both synthetic and natural sources. The beauty of this special drug delivery method is that, as we can see from the subjects' consumption of conventional dosage forms (tablets, capsules), they don't require water to be consumed. Furthermore, these delivery methods do a great job of encouraging patient compliance in general, especially in the case of both older and pediatric patients.
This review shows a detailed review of oral thin film its applications and method of preparation; mainly focus of this research is thin film introduction to researchers and last 10 y of research on thin film with drugs and polymers used in research.
Downloads
References
Karki S, Kim H, Na SJ, Shin D, Jo K, Lee J. Thin films as an emerging platform for drug delivery. Asian J Pharm Sci. 2016 Oct;11(5):559-74. doi: 10.1016/j.ajps.2016.05.004.
Sevinc Ozakar R, Ozakar E. Current overview of oral thin films. Turk J Pharm Sci. 2021;18(1):111-21. doi: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2020.76390, PMID 33634686.
Oral thin-films from design to delivery: a pharmaceutical viewpoint. Biointerface Res Appl Chem. 2022 Mar 30;13(2):177. doi: 10.33263/BRIAC132.177/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/BRIAC132.177.pdf.
Yuan C, Sha H, Cui B. Orally disintegrating film: a new approach to nutritional supplementation. Food Bioprocess Technol. 2022;15(12):2629-45. doi: org/10.1007/s11947-022-02835-y.
Scarpa M, Stegemann S, Hsiao WK, Pichler H, Gaisford S, Bresciani M. Orodispersible films: towards drug delivery in special populations. Int J Pharm. 2017;523(1):327-35. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.018, PMID 28302515.
Palezi SC, Fernandes SS, Martins VG. Oral disintegration films: applications and production methods. J Food Sci Technol. 2023;60(10):2539-48. doi: 10.1007/s13197-022-05589-9, PMID 37599841.
Jacob S, Boddu SHS, Bhandare R, Ahmad SS, Nair AB. Orodispersible films: current innovations and emerging trends. Pharmaceutics. 2023;15(12):2753. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122753, PMID 38140094.
Pacheco MS, Barbieri D, da Silva CF, de Moraes MA. A review on orally disintegrating films (ODFs) made from natural polymers such as pullulan, maltodextrin, starch, and others. Int J Biol Macromol. 2021;178:504-13. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.180, PMID 33647337.
Sanap DP, Mhatre US, Sheth RR. Oral thin films: a multi-faceted drug delivery system. IJPSRR. 2022 Jan. 15;72(1). doi: 10.47583/ijpsrr.2022.v72i01.013.
Gupta MS, Kumar TP, Gowda DV. Orodispersible thin film: a new patient-centered innovation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2020 Oct;59:101843. doi: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101843.
Tiwari RR, Umashankar DMS, ND. Recent update on oral films: a bench to market potential. Int J App Pharm. 2018;10:27. doi: 10.22159/ijap.2018v10i6.28725.
Borges AF, Silva C, Coelho JFJ, Simoes S. Oral films: current status and future perspectives. J Control Release. 2015;206:1-19. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.03.006.
Surendran, Saritha, Joshua, Julie, Hari R, Jyothish, Fithal. Fast dissolving oral thin films: an effective dosage form for quick releases. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research. 2016;38:280-9.
B Sontakke, Patil S, Daswadkar DS. A comprehensive review: natural polymers used for fast dissolving mouth film. IJPSRR 2020;65(2):14-21. doi: 10.47583/ijpsrr.2020.v65i02.003.
Famuyide A, Massoud TF, Moonis G. Oral cavity and salivary glands anatomy. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2022 Nov;32(4):777-90. doi: 10.1016/j.nic.2022.07.021, PMID 36244723.
Zhang Y, Wang X, Li H, Ni C, Du Z, Yan F. Human oral microbiota and its modulation for oral health. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018 Mar;99:883-93. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.146, PMID 29710488.
Zhang Y, Jiang R, Lei L, Yang Y, Hu T. Drug delivery systems for oral disease applications. J Appl Oral Sci. 2022 Mar 9;30:e20210349. doi: 10.1590/1678-7757-2021-0349, PMID 35262595, PMCID PMC8908861.
Madani M, Berardi T, Stoopler ET. Anatomic and examination considerations of the oral cavity. Med Clin North Am. 2014 Nov;98(6):1225-38. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2014.08.001, PMID 25443674.
Yates CB, Phillips CD. Oral cavity and oropharynx. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2001 Mar-Apr;30(2):38-59. doi: 10.1067/mdr.2001.113657, PMID 11300548.
Mukherji SK, Castillo M. Normal cross-sectional anatomy of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and oral cavity. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 1998 Feb;8(1):211-8. PMID 9449761.
Hermans R, Lenz M. Imaging of the oropharynx and oral cavity. Part I: Normal anatomy. Eur Radiol. 1996;6(3):362-8. doi: 10.1007/BF00180613, PMID 8798007.
Stutley J, Cooke J, Parsons C. Normal CT anatomy of the tongue, floor of mouth and oropharynx. Clin Radiol. 1989 May;40(3):248-53. doi: 10.1016/s0009-9260(89)80184-9, PMID 2752681.
Sigal R. Oral cavity, oropharynx, and salivary glands. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 1996 May;6(2):379-400. PMID 8726912.
Weissman JL. Imaging of the salivary glands. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 1995 Dec;16(6):546-68. doi: 10.1016/s0887-2171(06)80025-9, PMID 8747417.
Dostalova M, Rabiskova M. Mucoadhesive oral tablets-a modern dosage form with controlled drug release [Mucoadhesive oral tablets-a modern dosage form with controlled drug release]. Ceska Slov Farm. 2000 Mar;49(2):55-61. PMID 10953444.
De Mohac LM, Caruana R, Cavallaro G, Giammona G, Licciardi M. Spray-drying, solvent-casting and freeze-drying techniques: a comparative study on their suitability for the enhancement of drug dissolution rates. Pharm Res. 2020;37(3):57. doi: 10.1007/s11095-020-2778-1, PMID 32076880.
Orlu M, Ranmal SR, Sheng Y, Tuleu C, Seddon P. Acceptability of orodispersible films for delivery of medicines to infants and preschool children. Drug Deliv. 2017;24:1243-8. doi: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1370512, PMID 28856931.
Maske Rahul Rohidas, Mahajan Vijay Rajaram, Bhalerao Sakshi Bhagwan. Polymers used in mouth dissolving film: a review. World J Adv Res Rev. 2022;16:378-89. doi: 10.30574/wjarr.2022.16.3.1318.
Bala R, Pawar P, Khanna S, Arora S. Orally dissolving strips: a new approach to oral drug delivery system. Int J Pharm Investig. 2013;3(2):67-76. doi: 10.4103/2230-973X.114897, PMID 24015378.
Waugh J, Goa Karen L. Escitalopram: a review of its use in the management of major depressive and anxiety disorders. CNS Drugs. 2003;17(5):343-62. doi: 10.2165/00023210-200317050-00004, PMID 12665392.
Musazzi UM, Khalid GM, Selmin F, Minghetti P, Cilurzo F. Trends in the production methods of orodispersible films. Int J Pharm. 2020;576(Feb.):118963. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118963, PMID 31857185.
He M, Zhu L, Yang N, Li H, Yang Q. Recent advances of oral film as a platform for drug delivery. Int J Pharm. 2021;604:120759. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120759, PMID 34098053.
Culpepper L. Escitalopram: a new SSRI for the treatment of depression in primary care. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2002;4(6):209-14. doi: 10.4088/pcc.v04n0601, PMID 15014711.
Wang G, You X, Wang X, Xu X, Bai L, Xie J. Safety and effectiveness of escitalopram in an 8-week open study in Chinese patients with depression and anxiety. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2018;14:2087-97. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S164673, PMID 30147321.
Waugh J, Goa Karen L. Escitalopram: a review of its use in the management of major depressive and anxiety disorders. CNS Drugs. 2003;17(5):343-62. doi: 10.2165/00023210-200317050-00004, PMID 12665392.
Drago E, Campardelli R, Lagazzo A, Firpo G, Perego P. Improvement of natural polymeric films properties by blend formulation for sustainable active food packaging. Polymers. 2023;15:2231. doi: 10.3390/polym15092231, PMID 37177377.
Dahl DK, Whitesell AN, Sharma Huynh P, Maturavongsadit P, Janusziewicz R, Fox RJ. A mucoadhesive bio dissolvable thin film for localized and rapid delivery of lidocaine for the treatment of vestibulodynia. Int J Pharm. 2022;612:121288. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121288, PMID 34800616.
Abd El Azim H, Nafee N, Ramadan A, Khalafallah N. Liposomal buccal mucoadhesive film for improved delivery and permeation of water-soluble vitamins. Int J Pharm. 2015;488:78-85. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.04.052, PMID 25899288.
Joshi R, Akram W, Chauhan R, Garud N. Thin films: a promising approach for drug delivery system. Intech Open; 2022. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.103793.
Gala RP, Morales JO, McConville JT. Preface to advances in thin film technologies in drug delivery. Int J Pharm. 2019;571(v):118687. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118687, PMID 31518633.
Kathpalia H, Gupte A. An introduction to fast dissolving oral thin film drug delivery systems: a review. Curr Drug Deliv. 2013;10(6):667-84. doi: 10.2174/156720181006131125150249, PMID 24274635.
Yir Erong B, Bayor MT, Ayensu I, Gbedema SY, Boateng JS. Oral thin films as a remedy for noncompliance in pediatric and geriatric patients. Ther Deliv. 2019;10:443-64. doi: 10.4155/tde-2019-0032, PMID 31264527.
Singh PN, Byram PK, Das L, Chakravorty N. Natural polymer-based thin film strategies for skin regeneration in lieu of regenerative dentistry. Tissue Eng Part C Methods. 2023;29(6):242-56. doi: 10.1089/ten.TEC.2023.0070, PMID 37171125.
Nyamweya N, Hoag SW. Assessment of polymer-polymer interactions in blends of HPMC and film-forming polymers by modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry. Pharm Res. 2000;17(5):625-31. doi: 10.1023/Aa:1007585403781, PMID 10888317.
Sheikh FA, Aamir MN, Haseeb MT, Abbas Bukhari SN, Farid Ul Haq M, Akhtar N. Design, physico-chemical assessment and pharmacokinetics of a non-toxic orodispersible film for potential application in musculoskeletal disorder. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2021;65:102726. doi: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102726.
Irfan M, Rabel S, Bukhtar Q, Qadir MI, Jabeen F, Khan A. Orally disintegrating films: a modern expansion in drug delivery system. Saudi Pharm J. 2016;24:537-46. doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2015.02.024, PMID 27752225.
Kaufmann C. ’Overview: oral films and their administration routes. AdhexPharma, AdhexPharma; 2023. Available from: www.adhexpharma.com/blog/overview-oral-films-and-their-administration-routes.
Bhyan B. Orally fast dissolving films: innovations in formulation and technology. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res. 2011;9(2):9-15.
Kathpalia H, Gupte Aasavari. An introduction to fast dissolving oral thin film drug delivery systems: a review. Curr Drug Deliv. 2013;10:667-84. doi: 10.2174/156720181006131125150249
Joshi R, Akram W, Chauhan R, Garud N. Thin films: a promising approach for drug delivery system. Drug carriers. Intech Open; 2022.
Kaur P, Garg Rajeev. Oral dissolving film: present and future aspects. J Drug Delivery Ther. 2018;8:373-7. doi: 10.22270/jddt.v8i6.2050.
Himani Singla M, Prabhakar PK, Sharma A, Meghwal M. Edible and oral thin films: formulation, properties, functions, and application in food packaging and pharmaceutical industry; 2022. p. 411-32. doi: 10.1007/978-981-16-2383-7_21.
Chaturvedi A, Srivastava P, Yadav S, Bansal M, Garg G, Sharma PK. Fast dissolving films: a review. Curr Drug Deliv. 2011 Jul;8(4):373-80. doi: 10.2174/156720111795768022, PMID 21453260.
Barbosa JS, Almeida Paz FA, Braga SS. Montelukast medicines of today and tomorrow: from molecular pharmaceutics to technological formulations. Drug Deliv. 2016;23:3257-65. doi: 10.3109/10717544.2016.1170247, PMID 27011101.
Shamma R, Elkasabgy N. Design of freeze-dried soluplus/polyvinyl alcohol-based film for the oral delivery of an insoluble drug for pediatric use. Drug Deliv. 2016;23:489-99. doi: 10.3109/10717544.2014.921944, PMID 24892631.
Formulation and evaluation of lansoprazole oral thin films. J Pharm Neg Results. 2023;14:455-67. doi: 10.47750/pnr.2023.14.02.58.
Formulation and evaluation of esomeprazole oral thin films. J Pharm Neg Results. 2023;14:442-54. doi: 10.47750/pnr.2023.14.02.57.
Nair AB, Shah J, Jacob S, Al-Dhubiab BE, Patel V, Sreeharsha N. Development of mucoadhesive buccal film for rizatriptan: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(5):728. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050728, PMID 34063402.
Gupta MS, Kumar TP, Gowda DV. Thin films orodispersible: a new patient-centered innovation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2020;59. doi: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101843.
Koland M, Sandeep VP, Charyulu NR. Fast dissolving sublingual films of ondansetron hydrochloride: effect of additives on in vitro drug release and mucosal permeation. J Young Pharm. 2010;2:216-22. doi: 10.4103/0975-1483.66790, PMID 21042474.
Alipour S, Akbari S, Ahmadi F. Development and in vitro evaluation of fast-dissolving oral films of ondansetron hydrochloride. Trends Pharm Sci. 2015;1:25.
Giordani B, Abruzzo A, Prata C, Nicoletta FP, Dalena F, Cerchiara T. Ondansetron buccal administration for paediatric use: a comparison between films and wafers. Int J Pharm. 2020;580:119228. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119228, PMID 32184180.
Can AS, Erdal MS, Gungor S, Ozsoy Y. Optimization and characterization of chitosan films for transdermal delivery of ondansetron. Molecules. 2013;18:5455-71. doi: 10.3390/molecules18055455, PMID 23666010.
Joshi P, Patel H, Patel V, Panchal R. Formulation development and evaluation of mouth dissolving film of domperidone. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2012;4(5)Suppl 1:S108-9. doi: 10.4103/0975-7406.94159, PMID 23066181.
Md S, Kumar S, Doddayya H. Fabrication and evaluation of mouth-dissolving films of domperidone. Int J Curr Pharm Sci. 2023:36-43. doi: 10.22159/ijcpr.2023v15i2.2088.
Bhyan B, Bhatt DC, Jangra S. Pharmacokinetic study in humans and in vitro evaluation of bioenhanced bilayer sublingual films for the management of acute migraine. Int J App Pharm. 2023;15(3):190-9. doi: 10.22159/ijap.2023v15i3.46684.
Priya NS, Molly BA, Nori LP “Fabrication and characterization of fast dissolving films of eclipta prostrate leaves extract to treat mouth ulcers.” SSM Int J Appl Pharm. 2021;13(5):263-71. 10.22159/ijap.2021v13i5.4159.
Khan FB, Kilor V, Sapkal N, Dule P. Formulation development of mouth dissolving printed film of ketorolac and in vitro evaluation. Int J App Pharm. 2022;14(5):128-36. doi: 10.22159/ijap.2022v14i5.45350.
Farooqui P, Gude Rajashree. Formulation development and optimisation of fast dissolving buccal films loaded glimepiride solid dispersion with enhanced dissolution profile using central composite design. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2023;15(6):35-54. doi: 10.22159/ijpps.2023v15i6.47992.
Haju SS, Yadav Sheela. Formulation and evaluation of cilnidipine mucoadhesive buccal film by solvent casting technique for the treatment of hypertension. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2021;13(9):34-43. doi: 10.22159/ijpps.2021v13i9.42641.
Zucchi A, Costantini E, Scroppo FI, Silvani M, Kopa Z, Illiano E. The first-generation phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors and their pharmacokinetic issue. Andrology. 2019 Nov;7(6):804-17. doi: 10.1111/andr.12683, PMID 31350821, PMCID PMC6790582.
Alaei S, Omidian H. Mucoadhesion and mechanical assessment of oral films. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2021 Apr 1;159:105727. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105727, PMID 33484813.
Fonseca Santos B, Chorilli M. An overview of polymeric dosage forms in buccal drug delivery: state of the art, design of formulations and their in vivo performance evaluation. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2018 May 1;86:129-43. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.12.022, PMID 29525088.
Walicova V, Gajdziok J. Oral films as perspective dosage form [Oral films as perspective dosage form]. Ceska Slov Farm. 2016;65(1):15-21. PMID 27118500.
Morales JO, McConville JT. Manufacture and characterization of mucoadhesive buccal films. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2011 Feb;77(2):187-99. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.11.023, PMID 21130875.
Palezi SC, Fernandes SS, Martins VG. Oral disintegration films: applications and production methods. J Food Sci Technol. 2023 Oct;60(10):2539-48. doi: 10.1007/s13197-022-05589-9, PMID 37599841, PMCID PMC10439052.
Ozakar E, Sevinc Ozakar R, Yılmaz B. Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of cytotoxicity of fast dissolving hydrogel based oral thin films containing pregabalin and methylcobalamin. Gels. 2023;9:147. doi: 10.3390/gels9020147, PMID 36826317.
Abdelkader H, Abdel Aleem JA, Mousa HS, Elgendy MO, Al Fatease A, Abou Taleb HA. Captopril polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/gelatin-based oral dispersible films (ODFs) with modified release and advanced oral bioavailability for the treatment of pediatric hypertension. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023;16:1323. doi: 10.3390/ph16091323, PMID 37765131.
De Caro V, Angellotti G, D’Agostino F, Di Prima G. Buccal thin films as potent permeation enhancers for cytisine transbuccal delivery. Membranes. 2022;12(11):1169. doi: 10.3390/membranes12111169, PMID 36422161.
Prajapati VD, Chaudhari AM, Gandhi AK, Maheriya P. Pullulan based oral thin film formulation of zolmitriptan: development and optimization using factorial design. Int J Biol Macromol. 2018;107(B):2075-85. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.082, PMID 29074082.
Simons P, Olofsen E, Van Velzen M, Van Lemmen M, Mooren R, Van Dasselaar T. S-Ketamine oral thin film-part 1: population pharmacokinetics of s-ketamine, s-norketamine and s-hydroxynorketamine. Front Pain Res (Lausanne). 2022;3:946486. doi: 10.3389/fpain.2022.946486, PMID 35899184.
Bartlett AL, Zhang G, Wallace G, McLean S, Myers KC, Teusink Cross A. Optimized vitamin D repletion with oral thin film cholecalciferol in patients undergoing stem cell transplant. Blood Adv. 2023;7:4555-62. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023009855, PMID 37285801.
Zhao Y, Quan P, Fang L. Preparation of an oral thin film containing meclizine hydrochloride: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm. 2015;496:314-22. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.10.008, PMID 26456247.
Anji Reddy K, Karpagam Subramanian. Hyperbranched cellulose polyester of oral thin film and nanofiber for rapid release of donepezil; preparation and in vivo evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol. 2019;124:871-87. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.224, PMID 30496855.
Kumar GP, Phani AR, Prasad RG, Sanganal JS, Manali N, Gupta R. Polyvinylpyrrolidone oral films of enrofloxacin: film characterization and drug release. Int J Pharm. 2014;471(1-2):146-52. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.05.033, PMID 24858388.
Mushtaque M, Muhammad IN, Fareed Hassan SM, Ali A, Masood R. Development and pharmaceutical evaluation of oral fast dissolving thin film of escitalopram: a patient friendly dosage form. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2020;33:183-9. PMID 32122847.
Khadra I, Obeid MA, Dunn C, Watts S, Halbert G, Ford S. Characterisation and optimisation of diclofenac sodium orodispersible thin film formulation. Int J Pharm. 2019;561:43-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.064, PMID 30772459.
Kunte S, Tandale P. Fast dissolving strips: a novel approach for the delivery of verapamil. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2010;2(4):325-8. doi: 10.4103/0975-7406.72133, PMID 21180465.
Prabhu P, Malli R, Koland M, Vijaynarayana K, D’Souza U, Harish N. Formulation and evaluation of fast dissolving films of Levocitirizine di hydrochloride. Int J Pharm Investig. 2011;1(2):99-104. doi: 10.4103/2230-973X.82417, PMID 23071928.
Lordello VB, Meneguin AB, De Annunzio SR, Taranto MP, Chorilli M, Fontana CR. Orodispersible film loaded with enterococcus faecium CRL183 presents anti-candida albicans biofilm activity in vitro. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13:998. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070998, PMID 34209453.
Serrano Dolores R, Fernandez Garcia R, Mele M, Healy AM, Lalatsa A. Designing fast-dissolving orodispersible films of amphotericin B for oropharyngeal candidiasis. Pharmaceutics. 2019;11(8):369. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11080369, PMID 31374879.
TB, SV, Tegk M, AR, Rlc S. Formulation and evaluation of esomeprazole fast dissolving buccal films. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2018;11(10). doi: 10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i10.27321.
Bhusnure OG. Formulation and evaluation of oral fast-dissolving film of gabapentin by Qbd approach. International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences. 2018;8(2):426-37.
Arjun G. Design and in vitro characterization of clonazepam oral thin films. J Pharmacreations. 2022;9(2):193-8.
Ms A, CV. Formulation and evaluation of fast-dissolving oral films of diazepam. J Pharmacovigil. 2016;4(3). doi: 10.4172/2329-6887.1000210.
Rogawski Michael A, Heller Allen H. Diazepam buccal film for the treatment of acute seizures. Epilepsy Behav. 2019;101(B):106537. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106537, PMID 31699662.
Allam A, Fetih Gihan. Sublingual fast-dissolving niosomal films for enhanced bioavailability and prolonged effect of metoprolol tartrate. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2016;10:2421-33. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S113775, PMID 27536063.
Hosny KM, El-Say KM, Ahmed OA. Optimized sildenafil citrate fast orodissolvable film: a promising formula for overcoming the barriers hindering erectile dysfunction treatment. Drug Deliv. 2016;23:355-61. doi: 10.3109/10717544.2014.916763, PMID 24865296.
Al-Nemrawi Nusaiba K, Dave Rutesh H. Formulation and characterization of acetaminophen nanoparticles in orally disintegrating films. Drug Deliv. 2016;23:540-9. doi: 10.3109/10717544.2014.936987, PMID 25013958.
Barbosa JS, Almeida Paz FA, Braga SS. Montelukast medicines of today and tomorrow: from molecular pharmaceutics to technological formulations. Drug Deliv. 2016;23:3257-65. doi: 10.3109/10717544.2016.1170247, PMID 27011101.
Shamma R, Elkasabgy N. Design of freeze-dried soluplus/polyvinyl alcohol-based film for the oral delivery of an insoluble drug for pediatric use. Drug Deliv. 2016;23(2):489-99. doi: 10.3109/10717544.2014.921944, PMID 24892631.
Khadra I, Obeid MA, Dunn C, Watts S, Halbert G, Ford S. Characterisation and optimisation of diclofenac sodium orodispersible thin film formulation. Int J Pharm. 2019;561:43-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.064, PMID 30772459.
Nair AB, Shah J, Jacob S, Al-Dhubiab BE, Patel V, Sreeharsha N. Development of mucoadhesive buccal film for rizatriptan: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(5):728. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050728, PMID 34063402.
Batista P, Castro P, Madureira AR, Sarmento B, Pintado M. Development and characterization of chitosan microparticles-in-films for buccal delivery of bioactive peptides. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2019;12:32. doi: 10.3390/ph12010032, PMID 30791572.
Popovici V, Matei E, Cozaru GC, Bucur L, Gird CE, Schroder V. In vitro anticancer activity of mucoadhesive oral films loaded with Usnea barbata (L.) F. H. Wigg Dry acetone extract, with potential applications in oral squamous cell carcinoma complementary therapy. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022;11(10):1934. doi: 10.3390/antiox11101934, PMID 36290658.
De Caro V, Angellotti G, D’Agostino F, Di Prima G. Buccal thin films as potent permeation enhancers for cytisine transbuccal delivery. Membranes. 2022;12(11):1169. doi: 10.3390/membranes12111169, PMID 36422161.
Kumar S, Gautam D, Talwan P. Formulation and evaluation of mirtazapine oral thin film. Int J Res Pharm Chem. 2020;10(1). doi: 10.33289/IJRPC.10.1.2020.10(7).
PS, N VG. Dv G, Sivadasu P. “Formulation and evaluation of oral disintegrating film of atenolol.” Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research. 2018;11(8):312. doi: 10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i8.26464.
Martin Illana A, Chinarro E, Cazorla Luna R, Notario Perez F, Veiga Ochoa MD, Rubio J. Optimized hydration dynamics in mucoadhesive xanthan-based trilayer vaginal films for the controlled release of tenofovir. Carbohydr Polym. 2022;278:118958. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118958, PMID 34973774.
Reolon Jessica B, Saccol CP, Osmari BF, Oliveira DB, Prado VC, Cabral FL. Karaya/gellan-gum-based bilayer films containing 3,3′-diindolylmethane-loaded nanocapsules: a promising alternative to melanoma topical treatment. Pharmaceutics. 2023;15(9):2234. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092234, PMID 37765203.
Mundhey D, Sapkal N, Daud A. Fabrication of an abuse deterrent and microemulsion-based sublingual film of buprenorphine hydrochloride for breakthrough pain management. Int J App Pharm. 2020;12(6):127-35. doi: 10.22159/ijap.2020v12i6.38877.
Lakshmi PK, Lavanya D, Ali MMH. Effect of synthetic super disintegrants and natural polymers in the preparation of donepezil hydrochloride fast disintegration films. Int Curr Pharm J. 2014;3(3):243-6. doi: 10.3329/icpj.v3i3.17892.
Venkateswarlu K, Babu CN, Triveni S, Kiran BSS. Preparation of transdermal films of nifedipine: ex-vivo and in vitro studies. Pharm Methods. 2017;8(2):144-8. doi: 10.5530/phm.2017.8.22.
KV. Preparation and evaluation of fast dissolving buccal thin films of bufotenin. J In Silico In Vitro Pharmacol. 2016;2(4). doi: 10.21767/2469-6692.100013.
Rani T Neelima. Formulation development and optimization of oral thin films of zolpidem tartarate. Medical Science and Healthcare Practice. 2017;1(1):26. doi: 10.22158/mshp.v1n1p26.
SK Haneesha, M Venkataramana, N Ramarao. Formulation and evaluation of lansoprazole-loaded enteric-coated microspheres. Int J Res Pharm Sci Tech 2020;1(4):124-30. doi: 10.33974/ijrpst.v1i4.201.
Abraham Linku. Formulation and evaluation of fast-dissolving oral film of anti-allergic drug. Asian J Pharm Res Dev. 2018;6(3):5-16. doi: 10.22270/ajprd.
Raykar M, Velraj Malarkodi. Design, development and evaluation of novel mouth dissolving film of tofacitinib citrate. Int J App Pharm. 2023 Jan;15(1):324-32. doi: 10.22159/ijap.2023v15i1.46064.
Khan QU, Siddique MI, Rasool F, Naeem M, Usman M, Zaman M. Development and characterization of orodispersible film containing cefixime trihydrate. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2020;46(12):2070-80. doi: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1843477, PMID 33112681.
Sahu RK, Jain S, Kapoor V, Gupta N. Formulation, development and evaluation of fast dissolving oral film of antidepressant drug. J Drug Delivery Ther. 2019;9(4-s):404-7. doi: 10.22270/jddt.v9i4-s.3346.
Nirmala P. Formulation and evaluation of fast dissolving oral films incorporated with ramipril and β-cyclodextrin complex. Int J Pharm Sci Drug Res. 2020:390-5. doi: 10.25004/IJPSDR.2020.120412.
Jelvehgari M, Montazam SH, Soltani S, Mohammadi R, Azar K, Montazam SA. Fast dissolving oral thin film drug delivery systems consist of ergotamine tartrate and caffeine anhydrous. Pharm Sci. 2015;21(2):102-10. doi: 10.15171/PS.2015.24.
Murthy AV, Ayalasomayajula LU, Earle RR, Jyotsna P. Formulation and evaluation of tramadol hydrochloride oral thin films. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2018;9(4):1692-8. doi: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.9(4).1692-98.
Md. Reyad-Ul-Ferdous. Effective development and evaluation of oral thin film of etoricoxib. World J Pharm Res. 2015;4(9):257-72.
Kumria R, Gupta V, Bansal S, Wadhwa J, Nair AB. Oral buccoadhesive films of ondansetron: development and evaluation. Int J Pharm Investig. 2013;3(2):112-8. doi: 10.4103/2230-973X.114894, PMID 24015383.
Zayed GM, Rasoul SAE, Ibrahim MA, Saddik MS, Alshora DH. In vitro and in vivo characterization of domperidone-loaded fast dissolving buccal films. Saudi Pharm J. 2020;28(3):266-73. doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.01.005, PMID 32194327.
Adrover A, Varani G, Paolicelli P, Petralito S, Di Muzio L, Casadei MA. Experimental and modeling study of drug release from HPMC-based erodible oral thin films. Pharmaceutics. 2018;10(4):222. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040222, PMID 30423941.
Jacob S, Boddu SHS, Bhandare R, Ahmad SS, Nair AB. Orodispersible films: current innovations and emerging trends. Pharmaceutics. 2023;15(12):2753. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122753, PMID 38140094.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2024 RUCHITA BADEKAR, VISHAL BODKE, BHARAT W. TEKADE, SWAPNIL D. PHALAK
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.