INVESTIGATION OF THE LIPID AND CARBOHYDRATE CONTENTS OF GREWIA TENAX FORSSK. FRUITS & EVALUATION OF HEPATOPROTECTION ACTIVITY

Authors

  • Ibrahim A. Saleh Phytochemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Bohouth st. (former El Tahrir st.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt, P.O. 12622.
  • Khaled A. Shams Phytochemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Bohouth st. (former El Tahrir st.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt, P.O. 12622.
  • Wafaa A. Tawfik Phytochemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Bohouth st. (former El Tahrir st.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt, P.O. 12622.
  • Amira A. Habib Phytochemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Bohouth st. (former El Tahrir st.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt, P.O. 12622.
  • Rasmia A. Hassan Phytochemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Bohouth st. (former El Tahrir st.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt, P.O. 12622.
  • Abdelaaty A. Shahat Phytochemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Bohouth st. (former El Tahrir st.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt, P.O. 12622.
  • Elsayed A. Aboutabl Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-el-Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
  • Faiza M. Hammouda Phytochemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Bohouth st. (former El Tahrir st.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt, P.O. 12622.
  • Nahla S. ABDEL-AZIM Prof. of Phytochemistry, Phytochemistry Dept., National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Bohouth st. (former El Tahrir st.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt, P.O. 12622.

Keywords:

Grewia tenax Forssk, Carbohydrates, Unsaponifiable fraction, Fatty acid methylester, Hepatoprotection activity

Abstract

Objective: Grewia tenax Forssk. is represented in Egypt and known for its edible fruits which are nutritionally balanced and rich in iron and calcium. This work was to investigate the Lipid and Carbohydrate Contents of Grewia tenax Forssk. fruits and evaluation of Hepatoprotection activity.

Methods: Investigation of carbohydrate contents of Grewia tenax Forssk. fruits were carried out using HPLC. The lipids content of Grewia tenax Forssk. fruits were analyzed by GLC. Also, the hepatoprotective activity on rat hepatocytes monolayer culture was studied.

Results: The HPLC analysis of free sugars of Grewia tenax Forssk. fruits revealed the presence of stachyose, sucrose, glucose and fructose. While the HPLC analysis of the polysaccharide hydrolysate from Grewia tenax Forssk. fruits showed the presence of glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose.

GLC of the unsaponifiable matter of hexane extract of Grewia tenax Forssk. fruits revealed the presence of a mixture of a series of n-alkanes (63%) and a series of sterols (9.9%). A series of hydrocarbons ranging from C10-C26 in addition to cholesterol, campasterol, stigmasterol and β-Sitosterol and six fatty acids among which Linoleic acid (C18:2) was the major one (55.5 %) was identified. Also, the hepatoprotective activity study of the extracts of Grewia tenax Forssk. fruits (80% MeOH extract of defatted powder) and water extract indicated that they exhibited hepatoprotection at (25 μg/ml and 50 μg/ml) and (12.5 μg/ml to 100 μg/ml); respectively.

Conclusion: Our study was the first record of carbohydrate and lipid fraction contents of Grewia tenax Forssk. fruits. From the obtained results, the highly nutritive and medicinal values of Grewia tenax Forssk. fruits should be considered. Furthermore, and due to the high hepatoprotection effects of the plant extracts, further investigation and studies should be done to isolate the bioactive compounds.

 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

FAO/WHO. Traditional food plants. Food and Nutrition paper (42), FAO, Rome, Italy; 1988.

Boulos, L. Flora of Egypt printed by Al-Hadara Publishing, Cairo. Egypt 2000;2:140.

Nidhi Sharma, Vidya Patni. Grewia tenax (Frosk.) Fiori.-A traditional medicinal plant with enormous economic prospective. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2012;5 Suppl 3:28-32.

Stef DS, Gergen I, Harmanescu M, Stef L, Druga M, Biron R, et al. Determination of the microelement contents of some medicinal herbs. J Agroaliment Processes Technol 2009;15(1):163-7.

Abdelmutti OMS. Biochemical of nutritional evaluation of famine food of sudan. Doctoral dissertation in Biochemistry and Nutrition. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Sudan; 1991.

Mabry–Hernandez IR. Screening for iron deficiency anemia–including iron supplementation for children and pregnant women. Am Fam Physician 2009;79(10):897-8.

FAO/WHO. Requirements of vitamin A, iron, folate and vitamin B12. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation. FAO Food Nutr; 1988.

Maydell HJV. Trees and Shrubs of the Sahel, GTZ 6 MBH, Esuborn; 1990.

Sulieman MS, Eldoma AM. Marketing of Non-wood forest products (Excluding the Gum Arabic) in Sudan", Forest National Corporation (FNC). Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Wealth and Natural Resources-Khartoum, Sudan; 1994. p. 3, 10, 20, 30.

Praveen Kumar Goyal. Phytochemical and pharmacological properties of the Genus Grewia: a review. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2012;4 Suppl 4:72.

Prakash L, Sharma NN, Goyal G. Chemical investigation of the stem barks of Grewia tenax (Forsk) Aschers and Grewia flavescens Juss. Indian J Chem Sect B: Org Chem Incl Med Chem 1979;17B(5):537-8.

Khemiss F, Ghoul-Mazgar S, Moshtaghie AA, Saidane D. Study of the effect of aqueous extract of Grewia tenax fruit on iron absorption by averted gut sac. J Ethnopharmacol 2006;103(1):90-8.

Zaidi MA, Crow SA. Biologically active traditional medicinal herbs from Baluchistan, Pakistan. J Ethnopharmacol 2005;96:331–4.

Nazif N. Phytoconstituents of Zizyphus spina-christi L. fruits and their antimicrobial activity. Food Chem 2002;76:77-81.

Nazif N. Development of production and application of pigments of certain local plants for food and pharmaceutical industries. PhD, Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt; 1994.

Mona TM Ghanem, Hany MA Radwan, El-Sayed M Mahdy, Yehya M Elkholy, Heba D Hassanein, Abdelaaty A Shahat. Phenolic compounds from Foeniculum vulgare (Subsp. Piperitum) (Apiaceae) herb and evaluation of hepatoprotective antioxidant activity. Pharmacogn Res 2012;4(2):104-8.

Seglen PO. Preparation of isolated rat liver cells. Methods Cell Biol 1976;13:29-83.

Kiso Y, Tohkin M, Hikino H. Assay method for antihepatotoxic activity using galactosamine-induced cytotoxicity in primary-cultured hepatocytes. J Nat Prod 1983;46:841-7.

NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. NIH Publication Number. 85-23, Revised, US Department of Health, Education and Welfare. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; 1985.

Mosmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxic assay. J Immunol Methods 1983;65:263-71.

Carmichael J, DeGraff W, Gazdar A, Minna J, Mitchell J. Evaluation of tetrazolium-based semi-automated colorimetric assay: assessment of chemosensetivity testing. Cancer Res 1987;47:936-42.

Saleh I, Abdelazim N, Shams K, Shahat A, Hammouda F, Aboutabl E. Flavonoidal components, volatile constituents and antioxidant activity of Grewia tenax Forssk. (Tiliaceae) Fruits. Egypt Pharm J (NRC) 2010;9:95-104.

Published

01-05-2015

How to Cite

Saleh, I. A., K. A. Shams, W. A. Tawfik, A. A. Habib, R. A. Hassan, A. A. Shahat, E. A. Aboutabl, F. M. Hammouda, and N. S. ABDEL-AZIM. “INVESTIGATION OF THE LIPID AND CARBOHYDRATE CONTENTS OF GREWIA TENAX FORSSK. FRUITS & EVALUATION OF HEPATOPROTECTION ACTIVITY”. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 7, no. 5, May 2015, pp. 179-82, https://journals.innovareacademics.in/index.php/ijpps/article/view/5186.

Issue

Section

Original Article(s)