IN VITRO CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF CLERODENDRUM INFORTUNATUM L. AGAINST T47D, PC-3, A549 AND HCT-116 HUMAN CANCER CELL LINES AND ITS PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING
Keywords:
Alkaloids, Cancer cell lines, Clerodendrum infortunatum, Flavonoids, Growth inhibitionAbstract
Objective: Present investigation accounts for scientific evaluation of the plant Clerodendrum infortunatum L. for its medicinal efficacy which includes phytochemical screening and anticancer activities.
Methods: Phytochemical screening of Clerodendrum infortunatum extracts was performed for the qualitative detection of reducing sugars, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, phlobatannins, steroids, amino acids and glycosides using standard procedures. The sulforhodamine B (SRB), in vitro cytotoxic assay, was used to investigate the anticancer activity of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of leaves and roots of Clerodendrum infortunatum against T47D (Breast), PC-3 (prostate), A549 (lung) and HCT-116 (colon) cancer cell lines.
Results: Secondary metabolites including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, tannins, and saponins are present in many extracts. Alkaloids and flavonoids found to be present in almost all the extracts. The best cytotoxic activity has been exerted by hexane of root exhibiting growth inhibition of 72.83 ± 0.44, 85.50 ± 0.29 and 68.17 ± 1.36 % against PC-3, A549 and HCT-116 at a concentration of 100 µg/ml. Further, hexane of root showed a moderate cytotoxic effect of 42.17 ± 0.17 % against T47D at 100 µg/ml. At similar concentration, the chloroform extract is also effective against these three cell lines showing 61.50 ± 0.76, 67.00±0.58, and 68.53 ± 0.80% growth inhibition against PC-3, A549 and HCT-116 cell lines respectively, whereas, T47D cancer cell line showed 46.43 ± 0.30 % growth inhibition. The results have indicated that all the leaf extracts, as well as ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of root, have exhibited a poor response (≤ 40 %).
Conclusion: The present ï¬ndings suggest that the Clerodendrum infortunatum extracts are rich in alkaloid, flavonoids and terpenoids. The hexane and chloroform root extracts of Clerodendrum infortunatum possess signiï¬cant anticancer activities which may be due to the presence of these phytochemical groups.
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