IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF SIMANA LAGI APPLE ([MALUS DOMESTICA BORKH.] SIMANA LAGIâ€) GROWN IN EAST JAVA-INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i11.20649Keywords:
Antioxidant, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, Nil, Simana lagi apple, Malus domesticaAbstract
Â
 Objectives: The goals of this research were to observe antioxidant properties from different parts of Simana lagi apple ([Malus domestica Borkh.] Simana lagiâ€) using two antioxidant testing methods which were 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonic acid (ABTS) and correlation of total phenolic and flavonoid content with their inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of DPPH and IC50 of ABTS.
Methods: Each sample was extracted by reflux using different polarity solvents. The extracts were evaporated using rotary evaporator. Antioxidant activities were tested using DPPH and ABTS assays, determination of total phenolic, and flavonoid content were carried out by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and correlation with their IC50 of DPPH and IC50 of ABTS activities were analyzed by Pearson's method.
Results: The ethanolic leaves extract (LV3) of Simana lagi apple also exposed the highest total phenolic content (TPC) (13.88 g gallic acid equivalents/100 g), while the highest total flavonoid content was presented by ethyl acetate extract (LV2) (7.21 g QE/100 g). The lowest IC50 of DPPH scavenging activity 0.19 μg/ml, and the lowest IC50 of ABTS scavenging activity 0.15 μg/ml was given by ethanolic flesh extract (FL3) of Simana lagi apple. There were significantly negative correlation between TPC in all different parts extracts of Simana lagi apple with their IC50 of DPPH and IC50 of ABTS.
Conclusions: All different parts extracts of Simana lagi apple were categorized as very strong antioxidant by DPPH and ABTS method (except n-hexane peels extract and n-hexane LV by DPPH method, and n-hexane FE by ABTS method). The major contributor in antioxidant activities of peels, flesh and leaves extracts of Simana lagi apple by DPPH and ABTS methods were phenolic compounds. Antioxidant activities of peels, flesh and leaves extracts of Simana lagi apple showed linear results by DPPH and ABTS methods.
Downloads
References
Kobori M, Masumoto S, Akimoto Y, Oike H. Phloridzin reduces blood glucose levels and alters hepatic gene expression in normal balb/c mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2012;50(7):2547-53.
Ohta T, Morinaga HT, Yamamoto T, Yamada T. Effect of phlorizin on metabolic abnormalities in spontaneously diabetic torii (SDT) rats. Open J Anim Sci 2012;2(2):113-8.
Mokbel MS, Hashinaga F. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of banana (Musa, AAA cv. Cavendish) fruits peel. Am J Biochem Biotechnol 2005;1(3):125-31.
Sebei K, Gnouma A, Herchi W, Sakouhi F, Boukhchina S. Lipids, proteins, phenolic composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of seeds of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L) cultivated in Tunisia. Biol Res 2013;46(3):257-63.
Pellegrini N, Serafini M, Colombi B, Del Rio D, Salvatore S, Bianchi M, et al. Total antioxidant capacity of plant foods, beverages and oils consumed in Italy assessed by three different in vitro assays. J Nutr 2003;133(9):2812-9.
Kandoliya UK, Bajaniya VK, Bhadja NK, Bodar NP, Golakiya BA. Antioxidant and nutritional components of egg plant (Solanum melongena L.) fruit grown in Saurastra region. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 2015;4(2):806-13.
Vrhovsek U, Rigo A, Tonon D, Mattivi F. Quantitation of polyphenols in different apple varieties. J Agric Food Chem 2004;52(21):6532-8.
Cuthbertson D, Andrews PK, Reganold JP, Davies NM, Lange BM. Utility of metabolomics toward assessing the metabolic basis of quality traits in apple fruit with an emphasis on antioxidants. J Agric Food Chem 2012;60(35):8552-60.
Wilson AM, Vazquez ME, Arredondo SI, Plascencia AE, Burgueno MR, Rios HG, et al. Potential of polyphenols from an aqueous extract of apple peel as inhibitors of free radicals: An experimental and computational study. J Mol Struct 2013;1035:61-8.
Thaipong K, Boonprakob U, Crosby K, Zevallos LC, Byrne DH. Comparison of ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC assays for estimating antioxidant activity from guava fruit extracts. J Food Compost Anal 2006;19:669-75.
Settharaksa S, Madaka F, Chakree K, Charoenchai L. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant properties of Thai traditional herbal. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2014;6(9):564-6.
Arya N, Prakash OM, Verma AK, Vivekanand, Pant AK. Variation in antioxidant potential of Curcuma longa L. Collected from different ecological niches of Western Himalayan region. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2015;7(7):85-90.
Chang CC, Yang MH, Wen HM, Chern JC. Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. J Food Drug Anal 2002;10(3):178-82.
Pourmorad F, Hosseinimehr SJ, Shahabimajd N. Antioxidant activity, phenol and flavonoid content of some selected Iranian medicinal plants. Afr J Biotechnol 2006;5(11):1142-5.
Blois MS. Antioxidant determination by the use of stable free radicals. Nature 1958;181:1199-2000.
Bedawey AA. Characteristics of Antioxidant Isolated from Some Plants Sources. Shibin El-Kom, Cairo: Shams University; 2010. p. 1-11.
Li XC, Wang XZ, Chen DF, Chen SZ. Antioxidant activity and mechanism of protochatechuic acid in vitro. J Funct Food Health Dis 2011;1(7):232-44.
Fidrianny I, Windyaswari AS, Wirasutisna KR. Antioxidant capacities of various leaves extract from five colors varieties of sweet potatoes tubers using ABTS, DPPH assays and correlation with total flavonoid, phenolic, carotenoid content. Res J Med Plant 2013;7(3):130-40.
Jelodarian S, Ebrahimabadi A, Khalighi A, Batooli H. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of Malus domestica fruit extract from Kashan area. Afr J Agric Res 2015;10(20):2136-40.
Maqsood A, Sabir SM, Qaisar M, Riaz M. Nutritional analysis and in-vitro antioxidant activity of apple (Malus domestica). J Food Agric Environ 2013;11(3-4):168-72.
Wolfe K, Wu X, Liu RH. Antioxidant activity of apple peels. J Agric Food Chem 2003;51(3):609-14.
Liaudanskas M, Viškelis P, Raudonis R, Kviklys D, Uselis N, Janulis V. Phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of Malus domestica leaves. ScientificWorldJournal 2014;2014:306217.
Floegel A, Kim DO, Chung SJ, Koo SI, Chun OK. Comparison of ABTS/DPPH assays to measure antioxidant capacity in popular antioxidant-rich US foods. J Food Compost Anal 2011;24(7):1043-8.
Minioti KS, Georgiou CA. Comparison of different tests used in mapping the Greek virgin olive oil production for the determination of its total antioxidant capacity. Grasas Y Aceites 2010;61(1):45-51.
Apak R, Gorinstein S, Böhm VK, Schaich MK. Methods of measurement and evaluation of natural antioxidant capacity/activity: IUPAC technical report. Pure Appl Chem 2013;85(5):957-98.
Prior RL, Wu X, Schaich K. Standardized methods for the determination of antioxidant capacity and phenolics in foods and dietary supplements. J Agric Food Chem 2005;53(10):4290-302.
Scalbert A, Williamson G. Dietary intake and bioavailability of polyphenols. J Nutr 2000;130 8S Suppl:2073S-85.
Amic D, Davidovic-Amic D, Beslo D, Rastija V, Lucic B, Trinajstic N. SAR and QSAR of the antioxidant activity of flavonoids. Curr Med Chem 2007;14(7):827-45.
Heim KE, Tagliaferro AR, Bobilya DJ. Flavonoid antioxidants: Chemistry, metabolism and structure-activity relationships. J Nutr Biochem 2002;13(10):572-84.
Fidrianny I, Johan Y, Sukrasno. Antioxidant activities of different polarity extracts from three organs of makrut lime (Citrus hystrix DC) and correlation with total flavonoid, phenolic, carotenoid content. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2015;8(4):239-43.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
The publication is licensed under CC By and is open access. Copyright is with author and allowed to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
