A STUDY ON EPIPHYTIC LICHENS FROM PRUNUS PERSICA

Ramya K; Thirunalasundari T

doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i3.23066

Authors

Ramya K Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
Thirunalasundari T Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i3.23066

Keywords:

Epiphytic lichens, Kodaikanal, Thin-layer chromatography, Phytochemistry, Prunus persica

Abstract

Â Objective: The objective of this study is to explore and identify the epiphytic lichens on the tree bark of Prunus persica from Kodaikanal area and analyze its phytochemical properties.

Methods: Samples were collected from Kodaikanal area, identified by morphological and chemical constituents. Macromolecules present were quantified by DNS method, Lowry's method, and lipid tests. The secondary metabolites present were analyzed by standard phytochemical tests and thin-layer chromatography.

Results and Conclusion: It was interesting to observe that species belonging to the lichen genera - Parmotrema, Ramalina, and Usnea dominated the area. The samples have been identified and deposited in LWG herbarium, NBRI, Lucknow. As lichens form an ideal model to study the humongous secondary metabolites present in it, a preliminary investigation was performed to understand the nutritive value as well as phytochemicals present in the lichens. The results indicate that these organisms can be of potential medicinal value with Ramalina and Usnea species contributing good amount of macronutrients present in them, while qualitative analysis of phytochemicals reports all the lichens for enormous metabolites.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Ramya K, Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India

Department of Industrial Biotechnology

References

Ahmadjian VH. Lichens are more important than you think. Bioscience 1995;45:123-4.

Branquinho C, Catarino F, Brown DH, Pereira MJ, Soares A. Improving the use of lichens as biomonitors of atmospheric metal pollution. Sci Total Environ 1999;232:67-77.

Gulluce M, Aslan A, Sokmen M, Sahin F, Adiguzel A, Agar G, et al. Screening the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the lichens Parmelia saxatilis, Platismatia glauca, Ramalina pollinaria, Ramalina polymorpha and Umbilicaria nylanderiana. Phytomedicine 2006;13:515-21.

Shukla V, Joshi G, Rawat M. Lichens as a potential natural source of bioactive compounds: A review. Phytochem 2010;9:303-14.

Poelt J. Systematic evaluation of morphological characters. In: Ahmadjian V, Hale ME. The Lichens Ch. 3. New York: Academic Press; 1973.

Groombridge B. Global Biodiversity: Status of the Earthâ€™s Living Resources. London: Chapman and Hall; 1992.

Upreti DK, Negi HR. Lichen flora of Chopta Tunganath, Garhwal Himalayas, India. J Econ Tax Bot 1998;22:273-86.

Hariharan GN, Balaji P. Checklist of Lichens and Lichenicolous fungi of Tamil Nadu (India). Database; 1999. Available from: http://www. tnenvis.nic.in.

Nayaka S. Plant Taxonomy and Biosystematics: Classical and Modern Methods. Ch. 5. New Delhi: New India Publishing Agency; 2014. p. 101-28.

Miller GL. Use of DNS reagent for. determination of reducing sugar. Anal Chem 1972;31:426.

Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 1951;193:265-75.

Trease GE, Evans WC. Pharmacology. 11th ed. London: Bailliere Tindall Ltd; 1989. p. 60-75.

Harborne JB. A guide to modern techniques of plant analysis. In: Chapman A, Hall,editors. Photochemical Methods. London: Chapman and Hall; 1973. p. 279.

Nylander W. Circa novum in studio lichenum critericum chemicum. Flora 1866;49:198-201.

Asahina Y. Ueber die Reaktion von Flechten-Thallus. Acta Phytochem 1934;8:47.

Culberson CF. Improved conditions and new data for the identification of lichen products by a standardized thin layer chromatographic method. J Chromatogr 1972;72:113-25.

Hale ME. The Biology of Lichens. 3rd. ed. London: Edward Arnold; 1984.

Brodo IM. Substrate Ecology. In: Ahmadjian V, Hale ME. The Lichens. New York: Academic Press; 1973.

Lal BM, Rao KR. The food value of some Indian Lichens. J Sci Ind Res 1956;15:71-3.

Bhattarai T, Subba D, Subba R. Nutritional value of some edible lichens of east Nepal. J Appl Bot Food Qual Angew Bot 1999;73:11-18.

Vinayaka KS, Kumar PS, Kekuda PT, Krishnamurthy YL, Mallikarjun N, Swathi D. Proximate composition, antioxidant, anthelmintic and insecticidal activity of a macrolichen Ramalina conduplicans Vain. (Ramalinaceae). Eur J Appl Sci 2009;1:40-6.

Upreti DK, Bajpai R, Nayaka S. Plant Biology and Biotechnology. Vol. 1: Plant Diversity, Organisation, Function and Improvement. New Delhi: Springer India; 2015. p. 263-80.

Gehlot V, Mahant S, Vijayraghwan P, Das K, Hoda S, Das R. Therapeutic potential of lichen Parmelia perlata against dual drug-resistant Helicobacter pylori isolates. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2016;8:205-8.

Upreti DK, Divakar PK, Nayaka S. Commercial and Ethnic Use of Lichens in India. Econ Bot 2005;59:269-73.

Emmerich R, Giez I, Lange OL, Proksch P. Toxicity and antifeedant activity of lichen compounds against the polyphagous herbivorous insect Spodoptera littoralis. Phytochemistry 1993;33:1389-94.

Mastan A, Sreedevi B, Kumari JP. Evaluation of the in-vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of secondary metabolites produced from lichens. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2014;7:193-8.

Ghate NB, Chaudhuri D, Sarkar R, Sajem AL, Panja S, Rout J, et al. An antioxidant extract of tropical lichen, Parmotrema reticulatum, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7. PLoS One 2013;8:e82293.

Huneck S, Yoshimura I. Identification of Lichen Substances. Berlin: Springer; 1996.

Dem-bitsky VM, Tolstikov GA. Organic Metabolites of Lichens. Novosi-Birsk: Nauka Press; 2005. p. 135.

IngÃ³lfsdÃ³ttir K. Usnic acid. Phytochemistry 2002;61:729-36.

MolnÃ¡r K, Farkas E. Current results on biological activities of lichen secondary metabolites: A review. Z Naturforsch C 2010;65:157-73.

Solhaug KA, Gauslaa Y. Secondary lichen compounds as protection against excess solar radiation and herbivores. In: LÃ¼ttge U, Beyschlag W, BÃ¼del B, Francis D, editors. Progress in Botany. 73rd ed. Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. p. 283-304.

BaÄkorovÃ¡ M, JendÅ¾elovskÃ½ R, Kello M, BaÄkor M, MikeÅ¡ J, FedoroÄko P, et al. Lichen secondary metabolites are responsible for induction of apoptosis in HT-29 and A2780 human cancer cell lines. Toxicol In Vitro 2012;26:462-8.

Nimis PL, Skert N. Lichen chemistry and selective grazing by the coleopteran Lasioderma serricorne. Environ Exp Bot 2006;55:175-82.

Behera BC, Adawadkar B, Makhija U. Tissue-culture of selected species of the graphis lichen and their biological activities. Fitoterapia 2006;77:208-15.

Verma N, Behera BC, Om Sharma B. Glucosidase inhibitory and radical scavenging properties of lichen metabolites salazinic acid, sekikaic acid and usnic acid. Hacettepe J Biol Chem 2012;40:7-21.

Thadhani VM, Mesaik MA, Asif M, Karunaratne V, Choudhary MI. Immunomodulatory activities of some common lichen metabolites. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2015;7:144-7.

Shukla P, Upreti DK. Lichen dyes: Current scenario and future prospects. In: Upreti DK, Divakar PK, Shukla V, Bajpai R, editors. Recent Advances in Lichenology: Modern Methods and Approaches in Biomonitoring and Bioprospection. New Delhi: Springer; 2015. p. 209-30.