THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF BAWANG DAYAK (ELEUTHERINE BULBOSA (MILL.) URB.) FROM CENTRAL KALIMANTAN AGAINST ACNE-CAUSING BACTERIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2019.v11s5.T0032Keywords:
Antibacterial activity, Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill) Urb, Acne, Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureusAbstract
Objective: The objective of this research was to investigate the antibacterial activity of bawang dayak from Central Kalimantan against acne-causing
bacteria namely Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus.
Methods: The preliminary phytochemical constituents were qualitatively analyzed. Antibacterial activity of bawang dayak ethanol extract was
performed using disc-diffusion technique, with five variations of concentration of 1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20%.
Results: Bawang dayak extract contained flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins. The inhibition zones of bawang dayak ethanol extract in five
various concentrations (1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20%) were 7.0±1.3 mm, 8.5±0.6 mm, 9.9±0.3 mm, 11.2±0.1 mm, and 11.9±0.3 mm against P. acnes;
18.8±3.3 mm, 21.9±3.3 mm, 20.8±0.6 mm, 22.0±0.2 mm, and 23.1±0.6 mm against S. epidermidis; and 14.3±3.1 mm, 13.5±0.9 mm, 14.7±1.5 mm,
16.1±1.0 mm, and 20.1±0.6 mm against S. aureus, respectively.
Conclusion: This present study showed that bawang dayak ethanol extract was active against all the tested acne-causing bacteria. The highest
antibacterial activity was produced by 20% of bawang dayak ethanol extract against S. epidermidis.
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References
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Table 2: Antibacterial activity of clindamycin against acne?inducing bacteria
Materials Concentration (%) Inhibition zone diameter (mm) (mean±SD; n=3)
P. acnes S. epidermidis S. aureus
Clindamycin (positive control) 0.02 ? 31.7±0.8 27.0±0.5
0.04 ? 35.6±1.0 29.0±0.8
0.06 ? 37.1±1.6 30.4±0.4
0.08 ? 37.7±0.1 30.8±1.9
0.10 ? 39.7±0.4 31.5±0.9
0.2 23.0±0.4 ? ?
0.4 25.4±0.0 ? ?
0.6 29.0±0.2 ? ?
0.8 29.9±0.8 ? ?
1.0 31.2±0.1 ? ?
?: Not tested, P. acnes: Propionibacterium acnes, S. epidermidis: Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus: Staphylococcus aureus, SD: Standard deviation
Table 3: Antibacterial activity of bawang dayak ethanol extract against acne?inducing bacteria
Materials Concentration (%) Inhibition zone diameter (mm) (mean±SD; n=3)
P. acnes S. epidermidis S. aureus
Bawang Dayak ethanol extract 1.25 7.0±1.3 18.8±3.3 14.3±3.1
2.5 8.5±0.6 21.9±3.3 13.5±1.0
5 9.9±0.3 20.8±0.6 14.7±1.5
10 11.2±0.1 22.0±0.2 16.1±1.0
20 11.9±0.3 23.1±0.6 20.1±0.6
P. acnes: Propionibacterium acnes, S. epidermidis: Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus: Staphylococcus aureus, SD: Standard deviation
2003;2:77-82.
20. Ghosal M, Mandal P. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant
activities of two selected ‘BIHI’ fruits used as vegetables in Darjeeling
himalaya. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2012;4:567-74.
21. Darsana I, Besung I, Mahatmi H. Potential of binahong leaf (Anredera
cordifolia (Tenore) steenis) to inhibit the growth of Eschericia coli
in vitro. Indones Med Vet 2012;1:337-51.
22. Sulastrianah S, Imran I, Fitria ES. The inhibitory test of sirsak leaf
extract (Annona muricata L.) and sirih leaf extract (Piper betle L.)
against Eschericia coli. J Medula 2014;1:76-84.
23. Shimada T. Salivary proteins as a defense against dietary tannins.
J Chem Ecol 2006;32:1149-63.
24. Ravi L, Manasvi V, Praveena LB. Antibacterial and antioxidant activity
of saponin from Abutilon indicum leaves. Asian J Pharm Clin Res
2016;9:344-7.
25. Novaryatiin S, Pratiwi AM, Ardhany SD. The inhibitory test of bawang
dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.) against Staphylococcus
epidermidis. J Anterior 2018;18:92-7.
26. Novaryatiin S. Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of
Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine sp.) and Hati Tanah (Angiopteris sp.) and
Their Combination Against Propionibacterium acnes. Int J App Pharm
2019;11:11-3.
27. Shahbazi Y. Antibacterial and antioxidant properties of methanolic
extracts of apple (Malus pumila), grape (Vitis vinifera), pomegranate
(Punica granatum L.),
of acne in adult female patients. Int J Womens Dermatol 2018;4:56-71.
2. Azimi H, Fallah-Tafti M, Khakshur AA, Abdollahi M. A review of
phytotherapy of acne vulgaris: Perspective of new pharmacological
treatments. Fitoterapia 2012;83:1306-17.
3. Bhate K, Williams HC. Epidemiology of acne vulgaris. Br J Dermatol
2013;168:474-85.
4. Sinha P, Srivastava S, Mishra N, Yadav NP. New perspectives on
antiacne plant drugs: Contribution to modern therapeutics. Biomed Res
Int 2014;2014:301304.
5. Sudharmono A. Laser Skin Resurfacing. Surabaya: Seminar Perspective
of Laser Dermatology; 2008.
6. Coenye T, Peeters E, Nelis HJ. Biofilm formation by Propionibacterium
acnes is associated with increased resistance to antimicrobial agents
and increased production of putative virulence factors. Res Microbiol
2007;158:386-92.
7. Williams HC, Dellavalle RP, Garner S. Acne vulgaris. Lancet
2012;379:361-72.
8. Zaenglein AL, Pathy AL, Schlosser BJ, Alikhan A, Baldwin HE,
Berson DS, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of acne
vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol 2016;74:945-7.
9. Kumar GS, Jayaveera KN, Kumar CK, Sanjay UP, Swamy BM,
Kumar DV. Antimicrobial effects of Indian medicinal plants against
acne-inducing bacteria. Trop J Pharm Res 2007;6:717-23.
10. Mostwaledi MH. Superficial skin infection and the use of topical
and systemic antibiotics in general practise. S Afr Farm Pract
2011;53:139-42.
11. Margolis DJ, Bowe WP, Hoffstad O, Berlin JA. Antibiotic treatment
of acne may be associated with upper respiratory tract infections. Arch
Dermatol 2005;141:1132-6.
12. Kumar A, Baboota S, Agarwal S, Ali J, Ahuja A. Treatment of acne
with special emphasis on herbal remedies. Expert Rev Dermatol
2008;3:111-22.
13. Galingging RY. Bawang dayak as multifunctional medicinal plants. Res
Dev News 2009;15:2-4.
14. Ieyama T, Gunawan-Puteri MD, Kawabata J. ?-glucosidase inhibitors
from the bulb of Eleutherine americana. Food Chem 2011;128:308-11.
15. Mierza V, Suryanto D, Nasution PM. Phytochemical Screening and
Antibacterial Effect Assay of Bawang Sabrang (Eleutherine palmifolia
Merr.) Bulbus Ethanol Extract. Proceeding of National Seminars;
2011.
16. Warnida H, Sukawaty Y, Mega M. Stability and activity of bawang
tiwai (Eleutherine americana (Mill.) Urb.) bulbus gel extract as anti
acne. J Ilmiah Manuntung 2015;1:94-9.
17. Arifianti L, Oktarina RD, Kusumawati I. Effect of solvent extraction
type on sinesetin levels in Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. E J Plant
Husada 2014;2:3.
18. Kusuma SA, Mita SR, Firdayani I, Mustarichie R. Study on the
antibacterial activity of fruit extracts of klutuk banana (Musa balbisiana
Colla) against Shigella dysenteriae ATCC 13313. Asian J Pharm Clin
Res 2017;10:220-3.
19. Mojab F, Kamalinejad M, Ghaderi N, Vahidipour HR. Phytochemical
screening of some species of Iranian plants. Iran J Pharm Res
Table 2: Antibacterial activity of clindamycin against acne?inducing bacteria
Materials Concentration (%) Inhibition zone diameter (mm) (mean±SD; n=3)
P. acnes S. epidermidis S. aureus
Clindamycin (positive control) 0.02 ? 31.7±0.8 27.0±0.5
0.04 ? 35.6±1.0 29.0±0.8
0.06 ? 37.1±1.6 30.4±0.4
0.08 ? 37.7±0.1 30.8±1.9
0.10 ? 39.7±0.4 31.5±0.9
0.2 23.0±0.4 ? ?
0.4 25.4±0.0 ? ?
0.6 29.0±0.2 ? ?
0.8 29.9±0.8 ? ?
1.0 31.2±0.1 ? ?
?: Not tested, P. acnes: Propionibacterium acnes, S. epidermidis: Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus: Staphylococcus aureus, SD: Standard deviation
Table 3: Antibacterial activity of bawang dayak ethanol extract against acne?inducing bacteria
Materials Concentration (%) Inhibition zone diameter (mm) (mean±SD; n=3)
P. acnes S. epidermidis S. aureus
Bawang Dayak ethanol extract 1.25 7.0±1.3 18.8±3.3 14.3±3.1
2.5 8.5±0.6 21.9±3.3 13.5±1.0
5 9.9±0.3 20.8±0.6 14.7±1.5
10 11.2±0.1 22.0±0.2 16.1±1.0
20 11.9±0.3 23.1±0.6 20.1±0.6
P. acnes: Propionibacterium acnes, S. epidermidis: Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus: Staphylococcus aureus, SD: Standard deviation
2003;2:77-82.
20. Ghosal M, Mandal P. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant
activities of two selected ‘BIHI’ fruits used as vegetables in Darjeeling
himalaya. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2012;4:567-74.
21. Darsana I, Besung I, Mahatmi H. Potential of binahong leaf (Anredera
cordifolia (Tenore) steenis) to inhibit the growth of Eschericia coli
in vitro. Indones Med Vet 2012;1:337-51.
22. Sulastrianah S, Imran I, Fitria ES. The inhibitory test of sirsak leaf
extract (Annona muricata L.) and sirih leaf extract (Piper betle L.)
against Eschericia coli. J Medula 2014;1:76-84.
23. Shimada T. Salivary proteins as a defense against dietary tannins.
J Chem Ecol 2006;32:1149-63.
24. Ravi L, Manasvi V, Praveena LB. Antibacterial and antioxidant activity
of saponin from Abutilon indicum leaves. Asian J Pharm Clin Res
2016;9:344-7.
25. Novaryatiin S, Pratiwi AM, Ardhany SD. The inhibitory test of bawang
dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.) against Staphylococcus
epidermidis. J Anterior 2018;18:92-7.
26. Novaryatiin S. Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of
Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine sp.) and Hati Tanah (Angiopteris sp.) and
Their Combination Against Propionibacterium acnes. Int J App Pharm
2019;11:11-3.
27. Shahbazi Y. Antibacterial and antioxidant properties of methanolic
extracts of apple (Malus pumila), grape (Vitis vinifera), pomegranate
(Punica granatum L.),
Published
15-09-2019
How to Cite
NOVARYATIIN, S., & ARDHANY, S. D. (2019). THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF BAWANG DAYAK (ELEUTHERINE BULBOSA (MILL.) URB.) FROM CENTRAL KALIMANTAN AGAINST ACNE-CAUSING BACTERIA. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 11(5), 22–25. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2019.v11s5.T0032
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