A REVIEW ON CURRENT SCENARIO OF ORAL CANCER IN INDIA WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON MODERN DETECTION SYSTEMS AND BIOMARKERS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2020.v12s4.40098Keywords:
Biomarkers, Detection Methods, Early Diagnosis, Oral Squamous Cell CarcinomaAbstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a major public health concern worldwide and a growing threat for rapidly developing economies such as India, where it ranks among the top three cancers. This review aims to discuss the national status of oral cancer in terms of incidences and mortality. We have added the emphasis on clinical characteristics of oral potentially malignant disorders and emerging optical diagnostic techniques to detect oral lesions which would otherwise go undetected by a conventional oral examination. Modern detection systems such as autofluorescence, chemiluminiscence, Narrowband imaging and Raman spectroscopy will definitely aid Conventional oral examination for diagnosis. Definitive diagnosis of oral cancer by using saliva and serum-based noninvasive biomarkers can minimize the need of tissue biopsies and patient discomfort. Urgent research efforts are required to find new ways to identify and examine high-risk population for the early diagnosis and prevention of Oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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13. Laprise C, Shahul HP, Madathil SA, Thekkepurakkal AS, Castonguay G, Varghese I, et al. Periodontal diseases and risk of oral cancer in Southern India: results from the HeNCe life study. Int J Cancer 2016;139:1512–9.
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16. Warnakulasuriya S, Johnson NW, Waal I Van Der. Nomenclature and classification of potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa. J Oral Pathol Med 2007;36:575–80.
17. Sachdev R, Garg K, Singh G. Oral leukoplakia and its malignant transformation as a diagnostic tool in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective clinicopathological study. Indian J Oral Health Res 2020;6:16-9.
18. Bhargava S. Need of oral precancer awareness initiatives in India. Open Dent J 2016;10:417–9.
19. Warnakulasuriya S, Ariyawardana A. Malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia: a systematic review of observational studies. J Oral Pathol Med 2015;45:155–66.
20. Kumar A, Cascarini L, Mccaul JA, Kerawala CJ, Coombes D, Godden D, et al. How should we manage oral leukoplakia? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013;51:377–83.
21. Nair DR, Pruthy R, Pawar U, Chaturvedi P. Oral cancer: premalignant conditions and screening–an update. J Cancer Res Ther 2012;8 Suppl 1:57–66.
22. Akrish S, Eskander Hashoul L, Rachmiel A, Ben Izhak O. Clinicopathologic analysis of verrucous hyperplasia, verrucous carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma as part of the clinicopathologic spectrum of oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: a literature review and analysis. Pathol Res Practice 2019;215:152670.
23. Waal I Van Der. Potentially malignant disorders of the oral and oropharyngeal mucosa?; present concepts of management. Oral Oncol 2010;46:423–5.
24. Wetzel SL. Oral potentially malignant disorders. Dent Clin NA 2020;64:25–37.
25. Juan C, Prera H, Holmes BJ, Valentino A, Harshan M, Bacchi CE, et al. Macrocystic (Mammary Analogue) secretory carcinoma, an unusual variant and a pitfall in the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions in the head and neck. Am J Surg Pathol 2019;43:1483-92.
26. Bewley AF, Farwell DG. Oral leukoplakia and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Dermatol 2017;35:461-7.
27. Muto M, Nakane M, Katada C, Sano Y, Ohtsu A, Esumi H, et al. Squamous cell carcinoma in situ at oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal mucosal sites. Cancer 2004;101:1375–81.
28. Karthikeson PS. Oral lichen planus–a review. J Pharm Sci Res 2020;12:196-8.
29. Varghese SS, George GB, Sarojini SB, Vinod S, Mathew P, Mathew DG, et al. Epidemiology of oral lichen planus in a cohort of South Indian population: a retrospective study. J Cancer Prev 2016;21:55–9.
30. Fernando Augusto Cervantes Garcia de S, Thais Cachute P, Adriana Aigotti Haberbeck B, Luiz Eduardo Blumer R. Oral lichen planus versus epithelial dysplasia: difficulties in diagnosis. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2009;75:716–20.
31. Scully C, Carrozzo M. Oral mucosal disease: lichen planus. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008;46:15–21.
32. Muthubabu K, Srinivasan MK, Jeeva G. Pedicle tongue flap surgery in oral submucous fibrosis. J Evid Based Med Healthc 2016;3:3860-3.
33. Ray J, Chatterjee R, Chaudhuri K. Oral submucous fibrosis: a global challenge. rising incidence, risk factors, management, and research priorities. Periodontology 2019;80:200–12.
34. Rethman MP. Evidence-based clinical recommendations regarding screening for oral squamous cell carcinomas. J Am Dent Assoc 2010;141:509–20.
35. Heaton CM, Durr ML, Tetsu O, Van Zante A, Wang SJ. TP53 and CDKN2a mutations in never-smoker oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Laryngoscope 2014;124:267–73.
36. Annertz K, Anderson H, Birklund A, Mller T, Kantola S, Mork J, et al. Incidence and survival of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in scandinavia, with special reference to young adults. Int J Cancer 2002;101:95–9.
37. Hu S, Arellano M, Boontheung P, Wang J, Zhou H, Jiang J, et al. Salivary proteomics for oral cancer biomarker discovery. Clin Cancer Res 2008;14:6246–52.
38. Khanna R. Fluorescence diagnostics: a forthcoming non invasive screening adjunct in oral cancer. J Res Med Dent Sci 2016;4:79.
39. Sankaranarayanan R, Ramadas K, Thomas G, Muwonge R, Thara S, Mathew B, et al. Effect of screening on oral cancer mortality in Kerala, India: a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2005;365:1927–33.
40. Carreras Torras C, Gay Escoda C. Techniques for early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2015;202020:305–15.
41. Sankaranarayanan R, Ramadas K, Thara S, Muwonge R, Thomas G, Anju G, et al. Long term effect of visual screening on oral cancer incidence and mortality in a randomized trial in Kerala, India. Oral Oncol 2013;49:314–21.
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Published
01-11-2020
How to Cite
KSHERSAGAR, J., BEDGE, P., JAGDALE, R., TORO, Y., SHARMA, S., & JOSHI, M. (2020). A REVIEW ON CURRENT SCENARIO OF ORAL CANCER IN INDIA WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON MODERN DETECTION SYSTEMS AND BIOMARKERS. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 12(4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2020.v12s4.40098
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