NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIERS FOR TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY

DOAA H. HASSAN; JOSEPH N. SHOHDY; MOHAM EL-NABARAWI; DOAA AHMED EL-SETOUHY; MENNA M. ABDELLATIF

doi:10.22159/ijap.2022v14i4.44564

Authors

DOAA H. HASSAN Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October, Giza, (12566) Egypt
JOSEPH N. SHOHDY Department of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October, Giza, (12566) Egypt
MOHAM EL-NABARAWI Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
DOAA AHMED EL-SETOUHY Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
MENNA M. ABDELLATIF Department of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October, Giza, (12566) Egypt

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2022v14i4.44564

Keywords:

Nanostructured lipid carriers, Transdermal drug delivery, Controlled release

Abstract

Transdermal drug delivery offers many advantages over oral delivery, such as avoiding first-pass metabolism, enhancing the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs, and providing better patient compliance. However, only small lipophilic molecules can be delivered across the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the skin. Unfortunately, the delivery of larger molecules remains a challenge. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are second-generation lipid nanocarriers composed of biocompatible solid lipids, liquid lipids, surfactants, and co-surfactants. NLCs can be loaded with various classes of drugs, provide a controlled drug release profile, enhance drug stability, and be scaled up without needing organic solvents. This review article discusses the features, composition, formulation processes, and characterization of NLCs and their potential use in transdermal drug delivery.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Sharma G, Thakur K, Raza K, Singh B, Katare OP. Nanostructured lipid carriers: a new paradigm in topical delivery for dermal and transdermal applications. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 2017;34(4):355-86. doi: 10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2017019047, PMID 29199589.

Wang C, Jiang X, Zeng Y, Terry RN, Li W. Rapidly separable microneedle patches for controlled release of therapeutics for long-acting therapies. Med Drug Discov. 2022;13. doi: 10.1016/j.medidd.2021.100118, PMID 100118.

Souto EB, Fangueiro JF, Fernandes AR, Cano A, Sanchez Lopez E, Garcia ML, Severino P, Paganelli MO, Chaud MV, Silva AM. Physicochemical and biopharmaceutical aspects influencing skin permeation and role of SLN and NLC for skin drug delivery. Heliyon. 2022;8(2):e08938. doi: 10.1016/ j.heliyon.2022.e08938, PMID 35198788.

Priyanka P, Sri Rekha M, Devi AS. Review on formulation and evaluation of solid lipid nanoparticles for vaginal application. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2022;14:1-8. doi: 10.22159/ ijpps.2022v14i1.42595.

Haider M, Abdin SM, Kamal L, Orive G. Nanostructured lipid carriers for delivery of chemotherapeutics: a review. Pharmaceutics. 2020;12(3):288. doi: 10.3390/ pharmaceutics 12030288, PMID 32210127.

Chauhan I, Yasir M, Verma M, Singh AP. Nanostructured lipid carriers: A groundbreaking approach for transdermal drug delivery. Adv Pharm Bull. 2020;10(2):150-65. doi: 10.34172/apb.2020.021, PMID 32373485.

Czajkowska Kosnik A, Szekalska M, Winnicka K. Nanostructured lipid carriers: A potential use for skin drug delivery systems. Pharmacol Rep. 2019;71(1):156-66. doi: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.10.008. PMID 30550996.

Ghasemiyeh P, Mohammadi-Samani S. Potential of nanoparticles as permeation enhancers and targeted delivery options for skin: advantages and disadvantages. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2020;14:3271-89. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S264648. PMID 32848366.

Shahzadi I, Fürst A, Knoll P, Bernkop Schnurch A. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for oral peptide drug delivery: about the impact of surface decoration. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(8):1312. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081312, PMID 34452273.

Souto EB, Baldim I, Oliveira WP, Rao R, Yadav N, Gama FM, Mahant S. SLN and NLC for topical, dermal, and transdermal drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2020;17(3):357-77. doi: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1727883, PMID 32064958.

Doktorovova S, Shegokar R, Souto EB. Chapter 30. Role of excipients in formulation development and biocompatibility of lipid nanoparticles (SLNs/NLCs). In: Ficai D, Grumezescu AM, editors. Nanostructures for novel therapy. Elsevier; 2017. p. 811-43.

Fatima N, Rehman S, Nabi B, Baboota S, Ali J. Harnessing nanotechnology for enhanced topical delivery of clindamycin phosphate. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2019;54. doi: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101253, PMID 101253.

Zielinska A, Ferreira NR, Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Cicero N, Mamouni SE. Development and optimization of alpha-pinene-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) using experimental factorial design and dispersion analysis. Molecules. 2019;24(15):2683. doi: 10.3390/molecules24152683.

Pereira I, Zielińska A, Ferreira NR, Silva AM, Souto EB. Optimization of linalool-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles using experimental factorial design and long-term stability studies with a new centrifugal sedimentation method. Int J Pharm. 2018;549(1-2):261-70. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.068, PMID 30075252.

Souto EB, Zielinska A, Souto SB, Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Santini A, Silva AM, Atanasov AG, Marques C, Andrade LN, Severino P. (+)-Limonene 1,2-epoxide-loaded SLNs: evaluation of drug release, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity in an HaCaT cell line. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(4):1449. doi: 10.3390/ijms21041449, PMID 32093358.

Baghel S, Nair VS, Pirani A, Sravani AB, Bhemisetty B, Ananthamurthy K, Aranjani JM, Lewis SA Luliconazole-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for topical treatment of superficial Tinea infections. Dermatol Ther. 2020;33(6):e13959. doi: 10.1111/dth.13959. PMID 32618400.

De Souza IDL, Saez V, De Campos VEB, Mansur CRE. Size and vitamin E release of nanostructured lipid carriers with different liquid lipids, surfactants and preparation methods. Macromol Symp. 2019;383(1). doi: 10.1002/masy.201800011, PMID 1800011.

Nitthikan N, Leelapornpisid P, Natakankitkul S, Chaiyana W, Mueller M, Viernstein H, Kiattisin K. Improvement of stability and transdermal delivery of bioactive compounds in green robusta coffee beans extract loaded nanostructured lipid carriers. J Nanotechnol. 2018;2018:1-12. doi: 10.1155/ 2018/7865024, PMID 7865024.

Gao S, Tian B, Han J, Zhang J, Shi Y, Lv Q, Li K. Enhanced transdermal delivery of lornoxicam by nanostructured lipid carrier gels modified with polyarginine peptide for treatment of carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. Int J Nanomedicine. 2019;14:6135-50. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S205295. PMID 31447556.

Salvi VR, Pawar P. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) system: A novel drug targeting carrier. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2019;51:255-67. doi: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.02.017.

Samimi S, Maghsoudnia N, Eftekhari RB, Dorkoosh F. Chapter 3. Lipid-based nanoparticles for drug delivery systems. In: Mohapatra SS, Ranjan S, Dasgupta N, Mishra RK, Thomas S, editors. Characterization and biology of nanomaterials for drug delivery. Elsevier; 2019. p. 47-76.

Bhatt P, Kelly S, Sutariya V. Nanoscale delivery systems in the treatment of posterior ocular neovascularization: strategies and potential applications. Ther Deliv. 2019;10(11):737-47. doi: 10.4155/tde-2019-0025, PMID 31718481.

Ahmad J, Rizwanullah M, Amin S, Warsi MH, Ahmad MZ, Barkat MA. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs): nose-to-brain delivery and theranostic application. Curr Drug Metab. 2020;21(14):1136-43. doi: 10.2174/1389200221666200719003304, PMID 32682366.

Battaglia L, Ugazio E. Lipid nano- and microparticles: an overview of patent-related research. J Nanomater. 2019;2019:1-22. doi: 10.1155/2019/2834941, PMID 2834941.

Srichaivatana K, Ounaroon A, Tiyaboonchai W. Development and characterization of piper retrofractum extract loaded mucoadhesive nanostructured lipid carriers for topical oral drug delivery. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2017;9(9):79-86. doi: 10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i9.19382.

Duong VA, Nguyen TTL, Maeng HJ, Chi SC. Nanostructured lipid carriers containing ondansetron hydrochloride by cold high-pressure homogenization method: preparation, characterization, and pharmacokinetic evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2019;53. doi: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101185, PMID 101185.

Makoni PA, Wa Kasongo K, Walker RB. Short-term stability testing of efavirenz-loaded solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) dispersions. Pharmaceutics. 2019;11(8):397. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11080397, PMID 31398820.

Upreti T, Senthil V. Nanostructured lipid carrier system for the treatment for skin disease-a review. JSM Nanotechnol Nanomed. 2017;5(3):1059-64.

Souto EB, Baldim I, Oliveira WP, Rao R, Yadav N, Gama FM, Mahant S. SLN and NLC for topical, dermal, and transdermal drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2020;17(3):357-77. doi: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1727883, PMID 32064958.

Salvi VR, Pawar P. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) system: A novel drug targeting carrier. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2019;51:255-67. doi: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.02.017.

Gordillo Galeano A, Mora Huertas CE. Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers: a review emphasizing on particle structure and drug release. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2018;133:285-308. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.10.017, PMID 30463794.

Salvioni L, Morelli L, Ochoa E, Labra M, Fiandra L, Palugan L, Prosperi D, Colombo M. The emerging role of nanotechnology in skincare. Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2021;293:102437. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102437. PMID 34023566.

Abdellatif MM, Elakkad YE, Elwakeel AA, Allam RM, Mousa MR. Formulation and characterization of propolis and tea tree oil nanoemulsion loaded with clindamycin hydrochloride for wound healing: In vitro and in vivo wound healing assessment. Saudi Pharm J. 2021;29(11):1238-49. doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.10.004. PMID 34819785.

Jazuli I, Annu Nabi B, Nabi B, Moolakkadath T, Alam T, Baboota S, Ali J. Optimization of nanostructured lipid carriers of lurasidone hydrochloride using box-behnken design for brain targeting: in vitro and in vivo studies. J Pharm Sci. 2019;108(9):3082-90. doi: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.05.001. PMID 31077685.

Kapoor H, Aqil M, Imam SS, Sultana Y, Ali A. Formulation of amlodipine Nano lipid carrier: formulation design, physicochemical and transdermal absorption investigation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2019;49:209-18. doi: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.11.004.

Pandey SS, Patel MA, Desai DT, Patel HP, Gupta AR, Joshi SV, Shah DO, Maulvi FA. Bioavailability enhancement of repaglinide from transdermally applied nanostructured lipid carrier gel: optimization, in vitro and in vivo studies. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2020;57. doi: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101731, PMID 101731.

Nguyen CN, Nguyen TTT, Nguyen HT, Tran TH. Nanostructured lipid carriers to enhance transdermal delivery and efficacy of diclofenac. Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2017;7(5):664-73. doi: 10.1007/s13346-017-0415-2, PMID 28776220.

Garg NK, Tandel N, Bhadada SK, Tyagi RK. Nanostructured lipid carrier-mediated transdermal delivery of aceclofenac hydrogel presents an effective therapeutic approach for inflammatory diseases. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2021;12:713616. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.713616. PMID: 34616297.

Ahmed S, Mahmood S, Danish Ansari M, Gull A, Sharma N, Sultana Y. Nanostructured lipid carrier to overcome stratum corneum barrier for the delivery of agomelatine in rat brain; formula optimization, characterization and brain distribution study. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2021;607:121006. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121006.

Bashiri S, Ghanbarzadeh B, Ayaseh A, Dehghannya J, Ehsani A, Ozyurt H. Essential oil-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers: the effects of liquid lipid type on the physicochemical properties in beverage models. Food Bioscience. 2020;35:100526. doi: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100526, PMID 100526.

Sainaga Jyothi VGS, Ghouse SM, Khatri DK, Nanduri S, Singh SB, Madan J. Lipid nanoparticles in topical dermal drug delivery: does chemistry of lipid persuade skin penetration? Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. 2022;69:103176. doi: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103176, PMID 103176.

Mohamed M, Makky A, Abdellatif M. Liposomal gels as carriers for safer topical delivery of tazarotene. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Opinion. 2013;3(11):82-90.

Pivetta TP, Silva LB, Kawakami CM, Araujo MM, Del Lama MPFM, Naal RMZG, Maria Engler SS, Gaspar LR, Marcato PD. Topical formulation of quercetin encapsulated in natural lipid nanocarriers: evaluation of biological properties and phototoxic effect. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. 2019;53:101148. doi: 10.1016/ j.jddst.2019.101148. PMID: 101148.

Khurana S, Jain NK, Bedi PMS. Development and characterization of a novel controlled release drug delivery system based on nanostructured lipid carriers gel for meloxicam. Life Sci. 2013;93(21):763-72. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.09.027, PMID 24113071.

Saedi A, Rostamizadeh K, Parsa M, Dalali N, Ahmadi N. Preparation and characterization of nanostructured lipid carriers as drug delivery system: Iinfluence of liquid lipid types on loading and cytotoxicity. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids. 2018;216:65-72. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/jdoi: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.09.007.chemphyslip.2018.09.007. PMID 30219661.

Falsafi SR, Rostamabadi H, Assadpour E, Jafari SM. Morphology and microstructural analysis of bioactive-loaded micro/nanocarriers via microscopy techniques; CLSM/SEM/TEM/AFM. Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2020;280:102166. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102166. PMID 32387755.

Shah J, Patel S, Bhairy S, Hirlekar R. Formulation optimization, characterization and in vitro anticancer activity of curcumin loaded nanostructured lipid carriers. International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research. 2022;14:31-43.

Nnamani PO, Hansen S, Windbergs M, Lehr CM. Development of artemether-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) formulation for topical application. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2014;477(1-2):208-17. doi: 10.1016/ j.ijpharm.2014.10.004, PMID 25290810.

Solís AC, Bento D, Nunes S, Valente A, Pais A, Vitorino C. Rethinking transdermal drug delivery using PVA-NLC based films. Polymer. 2021;230:2021.124032. doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124032.

Brito Raj S, Chandrasekhar KB, Reddy KB. Formulation, in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation of simvastatin nanostructured lipid carrier loaded transdermal drug delivery system. Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2019;5(1):1-14. doi: 10.1186/s43094-019-0008-7.14.

Chauhan MK, Sharma PK. Optimization and characterization of rivastigmine Nano lipid carrier loaded transdermal patches for the treatment of dementia. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids. 2019;224:104794. doi: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.104794.

Mendes IT, Ruela ALM, Carvalho FC, Freitas JTJ, Bonfilio R, Pereira GR. Development and characterization of nanostructured lipid carrier-based gels for the transdermal delivery of donepezil. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 2019;177:274-81. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.02.007, PMID: 30763792.

Gu Y, Tang X, Yang M, Yang D, Liu J. Transdermal drug delivery of triptolide-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers: preparation, pharmacokinetic, and evaluation for rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Pharm. 2019;554:235-44. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.11.024, PMID 30423415.

Raval S, Jani P, Patil P, Thakkar P, Sawant K. Enhancement of bioavailability through transdermal drug delivery of paliperidone palmitate-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers. Therapeutic Delivery. 2021;12(8):583-96. doi: 10.4155/tde-2021-0036, PMID 34286598.

Moura RBP, Andrade LM, Alonso L, Alonso A, Marreto RN, Taveira SF. Combination of lipid nanoparticles and iontophoresis for enhanced lopinavir skin permeation: Iimpact of electric current on lipid dynamics. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2022;168:106048. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106048.

Nnamani PO, Ugwu AA, Nnadi OH, Kenechukwu FC, Ofokansi KC, Attama AA, Lehr CM. Formulation and evaluation of transdermal nanogel for delivery of artemether. Drug Delivery and Translational Research. 2021;11(4):1655-74. doi: 10.1007/s13346-021-00951-4, PMID 33742415.

Jiang T, Ma S, Shen Y, Li Y, Pan R, Xing H. Topical anesthetic and pain relief using penetration enhancer and transcriptional transactivator peptide multi-decorated nanostructured lipid carriers. Drug Delivery. 2021;28(1):478-86. doi: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1889717, PMID 33641554.

Singh M, Deependra S, Sahu K, Pradhan M, Madhulika YK. A method of preparation of triamcinolone acetonide encapsulated nanostructured lipid carriers for psoriasis treatment. AU 2021106678 A4; 2021.

FOX C, khandhar A, Hoeven N, Erasmus J, Lin S. Nanostructured lipid carriers and stable emulsions and uses thereof. US Patent US; 2022.

Chitkara D, Pukale S, Singh A, Mittal A, Sharma S. A lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticle; 2021;A1:US2021. PMID 0369631.

Domenico F, Jonathan C, Leana R. Nanostructured lipid carrier delivery system, composition, and methods; 2021. p. WO2021, PMID: 168573.