SUBLIMATION-BASED CUTTING-EDGE TECHNOLOGY (SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS 9 and 15) TO DEVELOP CURCUMIN NANOPARTICLES BY SOLVENT-FREE GREEN CHEMISTRY METHOD FOR THEIR ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITY

SHARAD VISHT

doi:10.22159/ijap.2024v16i6.51268

Authors

SHARAD VISHT College of Pharmacy, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9370-3770

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2024v16i6.51268

Keywords:

Curcumin, Nanoparticle, Antioxidant, Anticancer, Cytotoxicity

Abstract

Objective: This research aimed to develop a new, cost-effective, solvent/surfactant/supercritical carbon dioxide-free, sublimation-based method to prepare curcumin nanoparticles. The research objective was to meet Sustainable Development Goals (SDG-3,9 and 15). The problem of poor absorption of curcumin is sorted out by micro or nanonization, solid dispersion, solid solution, β-cyclodextrin complexation, micelle formation, and solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical carbon dioxide.

Methods: The curcumin, mixed with menthol, was allowed to melt at 29 °C and placed under vacuum for 6 H (h). The menthol sublimates and leaves the curcumin particles as residue. The residual curcumin particles were characterised, and stability studies were also performed.

Results: The curcumin nanoparticles were stable, in the nano-size range (10-300 nm); Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) showed the presence of CH₃ and CH₂ bending, aromatic C=C and C=O stretching, aromatic CC and OH stretching, aliphatic C-H bending, aromatic-OH bending with both pure curcumin and curcumin nanoparticles, that no change in bonds and groups, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed the temperature (T) =162.03, 185.64 and peak maximum is 177.986 for pure curcumin while T=164.43, 185.68 and peak maximum is 177.784 for curcumin nanoparticles that indicated compatibility between curcumin and menthol. The curcumin nanoparticles showed improved solubility, dissolution, and antioxidant activity by calculating Inhibitory Concentration₅₀ (IC₅₀) value 114.51 and in vitro cytotoxicity (IC₅₀=165.6±0.084 µg/ml) of curcumin nanoparticles against MCF-7, a human breast cancer cell line with estrogen, progesterone, and glucocorticoid receptors.

Conclusion: It concluded that the sublimation technique can used to prepare the nanoparticles of drugs or might be for thermo-labile drugs.

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