FORMULATION OF SELF-NANOEMULSIFYING SYSTEM (SNES) CONTAINING SNAKEHEAD FISH EXTRACT PROTEIN INCORPORATED INTO CORN OIL BY HYDROPHOBIC ION PAIRING METHOD

GUNAWAN SETIYADI; SUPRAPTO; ENDANG N. WIDIYANINGSIH; AMANDA A. SALSABILA; IZZATUL QUDSIYAH

doi:10.22159/ijap.2024v16s5.52491

Authors

GUNAWAN SETIYADI Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Sukoharjo, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6881-687X
SUPRAPTO Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Sukoharjo, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-1779
ENDANG N. WIDIYANINGSIH Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah, Sukoharjo, Indonesia
AMANDA A. SALSABILA Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Sukoharjo, Indonesia
IZZATUL QUDSIYAH Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Sukoharjo, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2024v16s5.52491

Keywords:

Snakehead fish, Canna striata, Albumin, Proteins, Self-nanoemulsifying system, SNES, Corn oil, Hydrophobic ion pairing

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the protein complexation of snakehead fish extract using the hydrophobic ion pairing method with S (SDS) as a complexing ligand could be loaded into the corn oil component of the SNES and to explore the ratio of oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant in the Self-Nanoemulsifying System (SNES) formula that can produce good SNES characteristics. Methods: Snakehead fish proteins were extracted using pressurized hot water and then complexed with SDS at acidic pH. The SDS-protein complex was loaded into the oil component of the SNES and then combined with the surfactant component (Tween 80) and cosurfactant (propylene glycol) in a ratio of 1:9:1, which, based on the preliminary miscibility screening, has the best miscibility among other screening results. Results: The results of the study were as follows. The binding efficiency of the SDS-protein-complex was 31.74% and the loading efficiency into SNES was 83.17%. The nanoemulsion formed had visible light transmittance of 100.4%, particle size 72.7 nm, zeta potential -53.03 mV, and emulsification time 71.67 seconds. The nanoemulsion was stable at storage and 100 and 1000 times dilution challenges using aqueous media, Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF), and Simulated Intestinal Fluid (SIF).

Conclusion: The hydrophobic ion-pair complexation of snakehead fish protein extract with SDS as the complexing ligand was able to load the protein into the oil component of SNES and the ratio of oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant in the SNES formula that produce good SNES characteristics was Tween 80, propylene glycol, and corn oil at a ratio of 9:1:1

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