IMPROVING TEACHING AND LEARNING OUTCOMES THROUGH PROFESSIONAL LEARNING COMMUNITIES - A CASE OF BUSINESS EDUCATION SUBJECTS IN BOTSWANA

Authors

  • BAAMPHATLHA DINAMA University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
  • GRACE GASHA University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
  • GAONE VIVIAN OLESITSE University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ijoe.2021v9i4.42006

Keywords:

Professional learning communities, Collaboration, Student achievement, Professional development

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate how Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) could help to improve the teaching and learning outcomes of business education subjects in Botswana secondary schools. A qualitative methodology was adopted and data were collected online through WhatsApp chats and calls. Through analysing interviews and reviewing of documents related to PLCs in schools, we were able to code data into categories that emerged from themes and that assisted in understanding the perceptions and practices of teachers. The findings of this study indicate that through the implementation of PLCs in school there is a likelihood of improved learning outcomes amongst students due to collaborative efforts amongst teachers in lesson preparations and classroom instruction.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

• Balls, J. D., Eury, A. D., & King, J. C. (2012). Rethink, rebuild, and rebound: A framework for shared responsibility and accountability in education (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.

• Balyer, A., Karatas, H., & Alci, B. (2015). School principals’ roles in establishing collaborative professional learning communities at schools. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 197, 1340-1347. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.07.387

• Berry, B., Daughtrey, A., & Wieder, A. (2009). Collaboration: Closing the effective teaching gap. Retrieved from center for teaching quality website: https://www.teachingquality.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Closing_teacher_effective_gap.pdf

• Brucker, E. L. (2013). Implementation and perceived effectiveness of professional learning communities in the Kanawha county school district in West Virginia. (Doctoral thesis, Marshal University, West Virginia). Retrieved from https://mds.marshall.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1444&context=etd

• Bhushan, R. (2013). Continuous professional development through interaction and collaborative action research. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 70, 131–136. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.01.048

• Chatterton, P., Fuller, D., & Routledge, P. (2007). Relating action to activism: Theoretical and methodological reflections. In S. Kindon, R., Pain & M. Kesby (Eds.), Participatory action research approaches and methods: Connecting people, participation and place (pp. 216-222). Abingdon: Routledge.

• Chou, C. H. (2011). Teachers' professional development: Investigating teachers' learning to do action research in a professional learning community. Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 20(3), 421-437.

• Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2011). Planning educational research: Research methods in education (6th ed.). New York: Routledge.

• Cordingley, P. (2015). The contribution of research to teachers’ professional learning and development. Oxford Review of Education, 41(2), 234-252. doi:10.1080/03054985.2015.1020105

• Darling-Hammond, L., Andree, A., Wei, R. C., Richardson, N., & Orphanos, S. (2009). Professional learning in the learning profession: A status report on teacher development in the United States and abroad. National Staff Development Council. Retrieved from https://edpolicy.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/publications/professional-learning-learning-profession-status-report-teacher-development-us-and-abroad.pdf

• Darling-Hammond, L. (2012). The right start: Creating a strong foundation for the teaching career. Phi Delta Kappan, 94(3), 8-13. doi:10.1177/003172171209400303

• Doğan, S., & Adams, A. (2018). Effect of professional learning communities on teachers and students: Reporting updated results and raising questions about research design. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 29(4), 634-659. doi:10.1080/09243453.2018.1500921

• Donohoo, J. (2017). Collective teacher efficacy research: Implications for professional learning. Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 2(2), 101-116. doi:10.1108/JPCC-10-2016-0027/full/html

• DuFour, R., & DuFour, R. (2010). Raising the bar and closing the gap: Whatever it takes. Bloomington, IN: Solution Tree.

• DuFour, R., DuFour, R. & Eaker, R. (2008). Revisiting professional learning communities at work: New insights for improving schools, Bloomington, IN: National Educational Services.

• Feger, S., & Arruda, E. (2008). Professional learning communities: Key themes from the literature. Rhode Island: The Education Alliance Brown University

• Ferrance, E. (2000). Action research. Rhode Island: The Education Alliance Brown University.

• Garet, M. S., Porter, A. C., Desimone, L., Birman B. F., & Yoon, K. S. (2001). What makes professional development effective? Results from a national sample of teachers. American Educational Research Journal, 38(4), 915-945. doi:10.3102/00028312038004915

• Gumus, S., Bulut, O., & Bellibas, S. (2013). The relationship between principal leadership and teacher collaboration in Turkish primary schools: A multilevel analysis. Education Research and Perspectives, 40, 1–29.

• Gomendio, M. (2017). Empowering and enabling teachers to improve equity and outcomes for all. Retrieved from OECD website https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/9789264273238-en.pdf?expires=1621941186&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=A2D17E4B2939C7E1F0BAD1CCB80F294C

• Harris, D. N., & Sass, T. R. (2011). Teacher training, teacher quality and student achievement. Journal of Public Economics, 95(7-8), 798-812. doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2010.11.009

• Hassan, R., Ahmad, J. H., & Boon, Y. (2018). Professional learning community in Malaysia. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(3, 30), 433-443. doi:10.14419/ijet.v7i3.30.18347

• Hattie, J. (2012). Visible learning for teachers: Maximizing impact on learning. Abingdon: Routledge.

• Hughes-Hassell, S., Brasfield, A., & Dupree, D. (2012). Making the most of professional learning communities. Knowledge Quest, 41(2), 30-37.

• Iloanya, J. (2014). Quality teacher education in Botswana: A crucial requirement for effective teaching and learning. Literacy Information and Computer Educational Journal, 3(2), 1743-1749. doi:10.20533/licej.2040.2589.2014.0232

• Jensen, B., Sonnemann, J., Roberts-Hull, K., & Hunter. A. (2016). Beyond PD: Teacher professional learning in high-performing systems. Australian Edition. Washington, DC: National Center on Education and the Economy.

• Johannesson, P. (2020). Development of professional learning communities through action research: Understanding professional learning in practice. Educational Action Research, 1-16. doi:10.1080/09650792.2020.1854100

• Jones, L., Stall, G., & Yarbrough, D. (2013). The importance of Professional Learning Communities for school improvement. Creative Education, 4(5), 357-361. doi:10.4236/ce.2013.45052.

• Joyce, S. (2016). Implementing action research and professional learning communities in a professional development school setting to support teacher candidate learning. School-University Partnerships, 9(1), 45-53.

• Kohl, K. T. (2014). Teachers' Perceptions of Becoming a Professional Learning Community (Doctoral thesis, Walden University, Minneapolis, Minnesota). Retrieved from https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1063&context=dissertations

• Kools, M., & Stoll, L. (2016). What makes a school a learning organisation? OECD Education Working Papers, No. 137, OECD Publishing, Paris. doi:10.1787/5jlwm62b3bvh-en

• Koshy, V. (2010). Action research for improving educational practice: A step-by-step guide (2nd ed.). Brunel University: Sage.

• Krammer, M., Rossmann, P., Gastager, A., & Gasteiger-Klicpera, B. (2018) Ways of composing teaching teams and their impact on teachers’ perceptions about collaboration. European Journal of Teacher Education, 41(4), 463-478. doi:10.1080/02619768.2018.1462331

• Kristmanson, P. L., Lafargue, C., & Culligan, K. (2011). From action to insight: A professional learning community’s experiences with the European language portfolio. Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 14(2), 53-67. Retrieved from https://joiurnals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/CJAL/article/view/19857

• Levitt, H. M., Motulsky, S. L., Wertz, F. J., Morrow, S. L., & Ponterotto, J. G. (2017). Recommendations for designing and reviewing qualitative research in psychology: Promoting methodological integrity. Qualitative Psychology, 4(1), 2-22. doi:10.1037%2Fqup0000082

• Livingston, K. (2017). The complexity of learning and teaching: Challenges for teacher education. European Journal of Teacher Education, 40(2), 141-143. doi:10.1080/02619768.2017.1296535

• Lipscombe, K., Buckley-Walker, K., & McNamara, P. (2020). Understanding collaborative teacher teams as open systems for professional development. Professional Development in Education, 46(3), 373-390. doi:10.1080/19415257.2019.1613256

• Mamlok-Naaman, R. (2018). Using action research rationale to enhance the creation of teachers’ professional learning communities (PLCs). Action Research and Innovation in Science Education, 1(1), 27-32. doi:10.12973/arise/94201

• Mahimuang, S. (2018). Professional learning communities for teachers: A hypothesis model development. Proceedings of the Conference on International Academic Research Conference in Vienna (229-235). Vienna, Switzerland.

• McKinsley Company. (2007). How the world’s best performing school systems come out top. Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/public-and-social-sector/our-insights/how-the-worlds-best-performing-school-systems-come-out-on-top#

• Meiers, M., & Buckley, S., & Knight, P. (2010). Successful professional learning. Retrieved from Research Digest website: https://research.acer.edu.au/digest/1/

• Miller, A. (2020). Creating effective professional learning communities, george lucas educational foundation. Retrieved from Edutopia website: https://www.edutopia.org/article/creating-effective-professional-learning-communities

• Molosiwa, S., & Mokhupadhyay, S. (2017). Participatory action research for inclusive education implementation and professional development in Botswana: Teachers perspectives. Mosenodi, 20(2), 112-130.

• Morgan, J. (2010). An evaluation of the process and outcomes of teacher collaboration in vocabulary instruction (Doctoral thesis, University of Massachusetts Amherst, United State). Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/215/

• Neto, R. C. A. (2015). Teachers feel lonely too: A study of teachers’ personal and professional characteristics associated with loneliness. Porto Alegre, 46(3), 321-330. doi:10.15448/1980-8623.2015.3.18265

• Neuzil, L. M. (2010). Part II: Professional development activities and professional learning community in the mid-America region of the association of Christian schools international. International Christian Community of Teacher Educators Journal, 5(2), 1-15.

• Opfer, V. D., & Pedder, D. (2011). Conceptualizing teacher professional learning. Review of Educational Research, 81(3), 376–407. doi:10.1177/0255761411421092

• Orr, J. J., Hall, S. F., & Hulse-Killacky, D. (2008). A model for collaborative teaching teams in Counselor Education, Counselor Education & Supervision, 47(3), 146-163. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6978.2008.tb00046.x

• Pirtle, S. S., & Tobia, E. (2014). Implementing effective professional learning communities. SEDL Insights, 2(3), 1-8. Retrieved from http://www.sedl.org/insights

• Reeves, D. B. (2006). The learning leader: How to focus school improvement for better results. Alexandria, Virginia: ASCD.

• Sather, S., & Barton, R. (2006). Implementing professional learning teams. Principal’s Research Review, 1(5), 1-8. Retrieved from https://sedl.org/insights/2-3/implementing_effective_professional_learning_communities.pdf

• Schmuck, R. A. (2009). Practical action research: A collection of articles (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, California: Corwin Press.

• Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2010). Teacher self-efficacy and teacher burnout: A study of relations. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26(4), 1059-1069. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2009.11.001

• Sigurðardóttir, A. K. (2010). Professional learning community in relation to school effectiveness. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 54(5), 395-412. doi:10.1080/00313831.2010.508904

• Stephanou, G., Gkavras, G., & Doulkeridou, M. (2013). The role of teachers’ self-and collective-efficacy beliefs on their job satisfaction and experienced emotions in school. Psychology, 4(03) 268-278. doi:10.4236/psych.2013.43A040

• Stewart, C. S. (2017). Secondary teachers' perceptions of the effectiveness of a professional learning community (Unpublished doctoral Thesis). Walden University, Minneapolis, MN

• Szczesiul, S. & Huizenga. J. (2014). The burden of leadership: Exploring the principal’s role in teacher collaboration, Improving Schools, 17(2) 176–191. doi:10.1177/1365480214534545

• Tam, A. C. F. (2015). The role of a professional learning community in teacher change: A perspective from beliefs and practices. Teachers and Teaching, 21(1), 22-43. doi:10.1080/13540602.2014.928122

• Thessin, R. A., & Starr, J. P. (2011). Supporting the growth of effective professional learning communities’ districtwide. Phi Delta Kappan, 92(6), 48-54. doi:10.1177/003172171109200611

• Vanblaere, B., & Devos, G., (2016). Relating school leadership to perceived professional learning community characteristics: A multilevel analysis. Teaching and Teacher Education, 57, 26–38. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2016.03.003

• Waldron, N. L., & McLeskey, J. (2010). Establishing a collaborative school culture through comprehensive school reform. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation, 20(1), 58-74. doi:10.1080/10474410903535364

• Watson, C. (2014). Effective professional learning communities? The possibilities for teachers as agents of change in schools. British Educational Research Journal, 40(1), 18-29. doi:10.1002/berj.3025

Zainal, Z. (2007). Case study as a research method. Journal Kemanusiaan, 9(2), 96-106.

Published

01-07-2021

How to Cite

DINAMA, B., GASHA, G., & OLESITSE, G. V. (2021). IMPROVING TEACHING AND LEARNING OUTCOMES THROUGH PROFESSIONAL LEARNING COMMUNITIES - A CASE OF BUSINESS EDUCATION SUBJECTS IN BOTSWANA. Innovare Journal of Education, 9(4), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijoe.2021v9i4.42006

Issue

Section

Research Article(s)