ANTI-TYROSINASE ACTIVITY FROM VARIOUS SOLVENTS OF PEANUT SHELL (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA L.) EXTRACTS IN VITRO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2019.v11s5.T1007Keywords:
Peanut shell, Tyrosinase enzyme, Anti-tyrosinase, Anti-hyperpigmentationAbstract
Objective: This study aimed to determine in vitro anti-tyrosinase activity from various solvents of peanut shell extracts and to find out if the activity
is better than kojic acid which is a conventional compound used as anti-hyperpigmentation agent.
Methods: Extraction was done by maceration method with various solvents of ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and 70% ethanol. Extracts were made into the
series concentration of 25, 50, and 75 μg/ml. Kojic acid with concentration of 50 μg/ml used as positive control and 5% dimethyl sulfoxide used as
negative control. Tyrosinase enzyme will react with L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine substrate to produce dopachrome compound. The absorbance of
dopachrome read by microplate reader at λ = 492 nm. If the absorbance read by the microplate reader is low, means that the inhibition power of the
peanut shell extract against the tyrosinase enzyme is high. Anti-tyrosinase activity seen by the percentage inhibition value. The percentage inhibition
value was analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Mann–Whitney U-test; all tests were carried out with a confidence level of 95%.
Results: The mean of percentage inhibition value of n-hexane extract ranged from 12.44 ± 1.66% to 39.82 ± 1.33%, 70% of ethanol extract ranged
from 39.98 ± 0.85% to 70.19 ± 1.98%, and ethyl acetate extract ranged from 17.85 ± 0.78% to 60.30 ± 0.97%. Kojic acid has mean percentage
inhibition value of 78.19 ± 1.97%. IC50 of ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts was, respectively, 40.53 μg/ml, 63.49 μg/ml, and 91.95 μg/ml.
Ethanol extract contains flavonoid, tannin, and saponin. Ethyl acetate extract contains flavonoid.
Conclusion: All various solvents of peanut shell extracts have anti-tyrosinase activity but not better than kojic acid. Ethanol extract with concentration
of 75 μg/ml has the greatest anti-tyrosinase activity.
Downloads
References
combination of turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val.) and bitter melon
leaves (Momordica charantia L.) ethanol extracts on guinea pig skin.
J Kefarmasian Ind 2018;8:10-6.
2. Nakagawa M, Kawai K, Kawai K. Contact allergy to kojic acid in skin
care products. Contact Dermatitis 1995;32:9-13.
3. Saghaie L, Pourfarzam M, Fassihi A, Sartippour B. Synthesis and
tyrosinase inhibitory properties of some novel derivatives of kojic acid.
Res Pharm Sci 2013;8:233-42.
4. Sarkar R, Arora P, Garg KV. Cosmeceuticals for hyperpigmentation:
What is available? J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2013;6:4-11.
5. Adhikari B, Dhungana SK, Ali MW, Adhikari A, Kim D, Shin DH.
Antioxidant activities, polyphenol, flavonoid, and amino acid contents
in peanut shell. J Saudi Soc Agric Sci 2018;2:1-5.
6. Win MM, Hamid AA, Baharin S, Anwar F, Sabu MC, Pak-Dek MS.
Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of peanut’s skin, hull, raw
kernel and roasted kernel flour. Pak J Bot 2011;43:1635-42.
7. Morikawa T, Kitagawa N, Tanabe G, Ninomiya K, Okugawa S,
Motai C, et al. Quantitative determination of alkaloid in lotus flower
(Flower Buds of Nelumbo nucifera) and their melanogenesis inhibitory
activity. Molecules MDPI 2016;21:930.
8. Matsuda H, Masuda M, Murata K, Abe Y, Uwaya A. Study of the
antiphotoaging effect of noni (Morinda citifolia). In: Duc GH, editor.
Melanoma – From Early Detection to Treatment. Vol. 23. Croatia:
Intech; 2013. p. 629-48.
9. BPOM RI. Traditional Medicine Quality Requirement. National
Agency of Drug and Food Control (BPOM); 2014.
10. Masuda T, Yamashita D, Takeda Y, Yonemori S. Screening for tyrosinase
inhibitors among extracts of seashore plants and identification of potent
inhibitors from Garcinia subelliptica. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem
2005;69:197-201.
11. Kartika Y. Screening of Zingiberaceae Family Leaf Extracts as
Tyrosinase Inhibitors and Antioxidant. Essay. Bogor: Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Math and Science, Institut Pertanian Bogor;
2015.
12. Dean LL, Davis JP, Shofran BG, Sanders TH. Phenolic profiles and
antioxidant activity of extracts from peanut plant parts. Open Natl Prod
J 2008;1:1-6.
13. Alam N, Yoon KN, Lee JS, Cho HJ, Lee TS. Consequence of the
antioxidant activities and tyrosinase inhibitory effects of various
extracts from the fruiting bodies of pleurotus ferulae. Saudi J Biol Sci
2012;19:111-8.
14. Corradi ID, Souza ED, Sande D, Takahashi JA. Correlation between
phenolic compounds contents, antityrosinase and antioxidant activities
of plant extracts. Chem Eng Trans 2018;64:109-14.
15. Baek HS, Rho HS, Yoo JW, Ahn SM, Lee JY, Lee J, et al. The inhibitory
effect of new hydroxamic acid derivatives on melanogenesis. Bull
Korean Chem 2008;29:43-6.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
