OPTIMIZATION OF MICROWAVE- AND ULTRASONIC-ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF MAHKOTA DEWA (PHALERIA MACROCARPA [SCHEFF.] BOERL.) FRUIT PULP

ROSITA HANDAYANI; ANDRE BANGUN; PASKAH DEWI DEBORAH; ABDUL MUN’IM

doi:10.22159/ijap.2020.v12s1.FF002

Authors

ROSITA HANDAYANI Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
ANDRE BANGUN Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
PASKAH DEWI DEBORAH Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
ABDUL MUN’IM Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2020.v12s1.FF002

Keywords:

Antioxidant activity, Mahkota dewa, Microwave-assisted extraction, Natural deep eutectic solvents, Phaleria macrocarpa, Total phenolic content

Abstract

Objective: This work aimed to determine the optimal extraction conditions of Mahkota dewa using different extraction methods: microwave-assisted
extraction with ethanol (MAE-ethanol), ultrasonic-assisted extraction using a choline chloride natural deep eutectic solvent (UAE-NADES), and
Soxhlet and reflux extractions.
Methods: Experimental design was performed through Box-Behnken. The efficiency of the methods was evaluated based on the total phenolic content
(TPC) and antioxidant activity. The presence of relevant compounds was qualitatively assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Results: For the MAE-ethanol method, optimum extraction was achieved with 65% ethanol, in 1 min under 30% microwave power, and a 1:12 sample–
solvent ratio, which yielded a TPC and antioxidant activity of 62.79±0.74 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g powder and 30.48±0.32%, respectively. In
UAE-NADES, the optimal conditions were choline chloride: lactic acid ratio of 1:4 with a 50% water addition, 20 min extraction (TPC and antioxidant
activity of 65.25 mg GAE/g powder and 26.45±0.02%). The Soxhlet and reflux methods gave a TPC of 49.68±0.59 and 50.98±0.54 mg GAE/g powder,
and antioxidant activity of 22.87±0.13% and 25.97±0.34%, respectively. Qualitative HPLC analysis showed the presence of quercetin, mahkoside A,
4,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, and mangiferin.
Conclusion: MAE-ethanol was more efficient than the conventional Soxhlet and reflux methods and performed similarly to UAE-NADES in terms of TPC.

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