COMPARISON OF THREE EXTRACTION METHODS OF ALLOPURINOL IN URIC ACID HERBAL MEDICINE WITH HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY QUANTIFICATION

Authors

  • RIMADANI PRATIWI Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia, Jalan Raya Bandung Sumedang KM. 21, Jatinangor-Sumedang 45363
  • RASPATI D. MULYANINGSIH Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia, Jalan Raya Bandung Sumedang KM. 21, Jatinangor-Sumedang 45363
  • NYI M. SAPTARINI Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia, Jalan Raya Bandung Sumedang KM. 21, Jatinangor-Sumedang 45363

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2021.v13s4.43844

Keywords:

Allopurinol, Herbal medicine, Extraction

Abstract

Objective: This study was aimed to understand and determine the effectiveness of allopurinol extraction in herbal medicine from three extraction methods based on parameters of accuracy and precision.

Methods: The study consisted of three methods including dissolving and filtering, liquid-liquid extraction, and solid-phase extraction with mixed-mode cation exchanger (SPE-MCX). The procedures were carried out using NaOH and HCl in dissolving and filtering method; methanol, HCl, and ethyl acetate in liquid-liquid extraction; and NH4OH elution solvent in SPE-MCX.

Results: The results showed that extraction effectiveness based on accuracy level was the dissolving and filtering method>SPE-MCX>liquid-liquid extraction with % recovery+SD of 91.314+2.903%, 87.533+4.950%, and 54.549+3.517%, respectively. The precision level was the dissolution and filtering method>SPE-MCX>liquid-liquid extraction based on % relative standard deviations (RSD) of 3.18%, 5.226%, and 6.446%, respectively.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that the allopurinol extraction method with the highest effectiveness based on accuracy and precision parameters in herbal medicine is the dissolving and filtering method.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Jaliana S, Sety L. Faktor faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian asam urat pada usia 20-44 di RSUD bahteramas provinsi sulawesi tenggara tahun 2017. J Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kesehatan Masyarakat. 2018;3(2):1-13.

Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Formularium obat Herbal asli indonesia. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2016.

Dalli I, Ramdhani D, Hasanah AN. Design of indicator strip using polystyrene (PS) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) for detection of diclofenac sodium in traditional pain relief herbal medicines. Indones J Chem. 2017;17(1):71-8. doi: 10.22146/ijc.23612.

Bolendea A. Perlindungan konsumen terhadap Peredaran obat tradisional Berbahan kimia obat menurut undang-undang nomor 8 tahun 1999 tentang perlindungan konsumen. Lex Privatum. 2019;7(2):45-52.

Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan RI; 2018 [internet]. E-public warning. Available from: https://e-publicwarningotsk.pom.go. [Last accessed on 10 May 2021]

Okafor ON, Farrington K, Gorog DA. Allopurinol as a therapeutic option in cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Ther. 2017;172:139-50. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.12.004, PMID 27916655.

Stamp LK, Day RO, Yun J. Allopurinol hypersensitivity: investigating the cause and minimizing the risk. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2016;12(4):235-42. doi: 10.1038/ nrrheum.2015.132, PMID 26416594.

Rahmatullah S, Slamet FA, Bahan Kimia Obat AKK. (BKO) Dalam Jamu Asam Urat yang Beredar di Kabupaten Pekalongan. URECOL Univ Res Colloqium. 2018;7:566-75.

Pratiwi R, Septyani RN, Febriany R, Saputri FA, Nuwarda RF. Design and optimization of colorimetric paper-based analytical device for rapid detection of allopurinol in herbal medicine. Int J Anal Chem. 2019;2019:4682839. doi: 10.1155/ 2019/4682839, PMID 31015838.

Shi BB, Chen J, Bao MF, Zeng Y, Cai XH. Alkaloids isolated from Tabernaemontana bufalina display xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. Phytochemistry. 2019;166:112060. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112060, PMID 31302343.

Soenarso SA. Optimasi Isolasi Alopurinol dalam Sediaan Tablet dan Jamu. Yogyakarta: Universitas Sanata Dharma; 2014.

Deovita GE. Validasi metode analisis daidzein dalam wound healing patch secara reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Yogyakarta: Universitas Sanata Dharma; 2018.

Rajkumar B, Bhavya T, Kumar A. Reverse Phase HPLC method development and validation for the simultaneous quantitative estimation of alpha lipoic acid and allopurinol in tablets. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2013;6(1):307-12.

Gonzales A, Herrador MA, Asuero A. Intra-laboratory assessment of method accuracy (trueness and precision) by using validation standard. Talanta. 2010;82:1995-8.

Kim HY. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) comparing means of more than two groups. Restor Dent Endod. 2014;39(1):74-7. doi: 10.5395/rde.2014.39.1.74, PMID 24516834.

Lee S, Lee DK. What is the proper way to apply the multiple comparison test? Korean J Anesthesiol. 2018;71(5):353-60. doi: 10.4097/kja.d.18.00242, PMID 30157585.

Ahammed F, Smith E. Prediction of students’ performances using course analytics data: A case of water engineering course at the University of South Australia. Educ Sci. 2019;9(3):1-15. doi: 10.3390/educsci9030245.

Ahad N, Yin T, Othman A, Yaacob C. Sensitivity of normality tests to non-normal data. Sains Malays. 2011;40(6):637-41.

Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan RI. [Public warning no]. B-IN.05.03.1.43.12.17.5966 tentang Obat Tradisional Mengandung Bahan Kimia Obat. Jakarta: Badan POM; 2017.

Patil J, Joshi D. Various criteria in development and validation of HPLC analytical methods [review]. Int J Pharm Qual Assur. 2015;6(4):91-9.

Raval K, Patel H. Review on common observed HPLC troubleshooting problems. Int J Pharma Res Health Sci. 2020;8(4):3195-202. doi: 10.21276/ijprhs.2020.04.02.

Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Farmakope Indonesia Edisi VI. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2020.

Zheng M, Chen J, Chen G, Xu R, Zhao H. Solubility modeling and solvent effects of allopurinol in 15 neat solvents. J Chem Eng Data. 2018;63(9):3551-8. doi: 10.1021/acs.jced.8b00430.

Ruiz A, Sanhueza M, Gomez F, Tereucan G, Valenzuela T, Garcia S, et al. Changes in the content of anthocyanins, flavonols, and antioxidant activity in Fragaria ananass var. Camarosa fruits under traditional and organic fertilization. J Sci Food Agric. 2019;99(1):2404-10.

Published

11-12-2021

How to Cite

PRATIWI, R., MULYANINGSIH, R. D., & SAPTARINI, N. M. (2021). COMPARISON OF THREE EXTRACTION METHODS OF ALLOPURINOL IN URIC ACID HERBAL MEDICINE WITH HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY QUANTIFICATION. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 13(4), 141–147. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2021.v13s4.43844

Issue

Section

Original Article(s)