ACUTE TOXICITY OF CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES CONTAINING MAHKOTA DEWA (PHALERIA MACROCARPA) LEAF EXTRACT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS IN A DEXTRAN SODIUM SULFATE-INDUCED MOUSE MODEL OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2018.v10s1.02Keywords:
Mahkota dewa leaf extract, Chitosan nanoparticles, Acute toxicity, Inflammation, HistopathologyAbstract
Objective: The plant mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) is known to have anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to determine whether
chitosan nanoparticles containing mahkota dewa leaf extract would yield superior anti-inflammatory effects in the colon of a mouse model of dextran
sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis, compared with ethanol extract alone after testing the acute toxicities (lethal dose) of both preparations.
Methods: For acute toxicity testing, 10 Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 6000 mg/kg body weight (BW) of leaf extract alone or with nanoparticles.
Subsequently, mice were divided into the following six groups to determine the anti-inflammatory effects: Untreated, negative control (DSS 2% w/v), leaf
extract at 12.5 or 25 mg/kg BW, and leaf extract in chitosan nanoparticles at 6.25 or 12.5 mg/kg BW. To induce colitis, DSS (2% w/v) was administered
through drinking water for 6 weeks. The anti-inflammatory effect was observed histopathologically by imaging the inflammatory cells of the mice colon
with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.
Results: For acute toxicity testing, 10 Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 6000 mg/kg BW of leaf extract alone or with nanoparticles. Subsequently,
mice were divided into the following six groups to determine the anti-inflammatory effects: Untreated, negative control (DSS 2% w/v), leaf extract at
12.5 or 25 mg/kg BW, and leaf extract in chitosan nanoparticles at 6.25 or 12.5 mg/kg BW. To induce colitis, DSS (1% w/v) was administered through
drinking water for 6 weeks. The anti-inflammatory effect was observed histopathologically by imaging the inflammatory cells of the mice colon with
HE staining.
Conclusion: Chitosan nanoparticles containing mahkota dewa leaf extract can be included in the practically non-toxic class of materials. However, an
ethanol extract of mahkota dewa leaf effectively inhibited DSS-induced inflammation in the mouse colon, regardless of delivery vehicle.
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